干旱胁迫对半干旱雨养区春小麦生长发育及产量的影响
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摘要
干旱胁迫是半干旱雨养区春小麦生产过程中最大的农业气象灾害。通过遮雨棚控水试验,研究不同程度干旱胁迫对春小麦生长发育、生物量积累及产量的定量影响。水分处理有以下几种:CK,供水充足;T_1,拔节期土壤含水量降至田间持水量的(55±5)%时复水;T_2,拔节期土壤含水量降至田间持水量的(35±5)%时复水;T_3,拔节期开始持续干旱。结果表明,在半干旱雨养区,随着干旱胁迫的加剧,春小麦株高、叶绿素含量、地上部干物质积累及产量受到的抑制作用逐渐增强;拔节期作为小麦生长的关键期,任何程度的干旱胁迫都影响小麦的生长发育及产量形成,但经历短暂的干旱胁迫后,在拔节中后期复水后可使春小麦恢复生长;成熟期地上部干物质积累受干旱胁迫的影响,在各处理间差异显著(P<0.05),地上部生物量生长显著受到抑制,影响最终产量的形成,与CK相比,T_1、T_2及T_3处理产量分别降低了8.6%、16.9%及42.3%,持续干旱处理使得春小麦产量减少近一半,影响较为严重。研究结果可为定量评估干旱胁迫对春小麦的生长发育及产量的影响、制定半干旱雨养春麦区田间水分的科学管理措施、增强农业防灾减灾能力提供科学依据。
引文
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[24]刘超,陈若礼,张存岭,等. 夏大豆植株干物质积累数学模拟研究[J]. 大豆科技,2011(6):17-20.
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[28]高天鹏,安黎哲,冯虎元. 增强UV-B辐射和干旱对不同品种春小麦生长、产量和生物量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2009,42(6):1933-1940.
[29]房江育,张仁陟. 无机营养和水分胁迫对春小麦叶绿素、丙二醛含量等的影响及其相关性[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(1):89-94.
[30]陈斐,王润元,王鹤龄,等. 干旱胁迫下春小麦干物质积累和分配及其模拟[J]. 干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1148-1125.
[31]Li M Z,Feng Z,Chang A L. Improved yield by harvesting water with ridges and subgrooves using buried and surface plastic mulchs in a semiarid area of China[J]. Soil & Tillage Research,2015,150:21-29.
[2]蒲金涌,张存杰,赵红岩,等. 干旱对陇东及陇东南地区粮食产量的影响评估[J]. 华北农学报,2008,23(增刊1):163-166.
[3]袁蕊,李萍,胡晓雪,等. 干旱胁迫对小麦生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 山西农业科学,2016,44(10):1446-1449,1466.
[4]刘帆,申双和,李永秀,等. 不同生育期水分胁迫对玉米光合特性的影响[J]. 气象科学,2013,33(4):378-383.
[5]张伟杨,钱希旸,李银银,等. 土壤干旱对小麦生理性状和产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2016,36(4):491-500.
[6]赵鸿,杨启国,邓振镛,等. 半干旱雨养区小麦光合作用、蒸腾作用及水分利用效率特征[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(1):125-130.
[7]Bergera J,Paltaa J,Vadezb V. Review:an integrated framework for crop adaptation to dry environments:responses to transient and terminal drought[J]. Plant Science,2016,253:58-67.
[8]Bolaňos J,Edmeades G O. The importance of the anthe sis silking interval in breeding for drought tolerance in tropical maize[J]. Field Crops Research,1996,48(1):65-80.
[9]Karafyllidis D I,Stavropoulos N,Georgakis D. The effect of water stress on the yielding capacity of potato crops and subsequent performance of seed tubers[J]. Potato Research,1996,39(1):153-163.
[10]田伟丽,王亚路,梅旭荣,等. 水分胁迫对设施马铃薯叶片脱落酸和水分利用效率的影响研究[J]. 作物杂志,2015(1):103-108.
[11]宋霄君,张敏,武雪萍,等. 干旱胁迫对小麦不同品种胚乳淀粉结构和理化特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2017,50(2):260-271.
[12]Ye Z P,Yu Q. A coupled model of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis for winter wheat[J]. Photosynthetica,2008,46(4):637-640.
[13]Sperry J S,Hacke U G,Open R,et al. Water deficits and hydraulic limits to leaf water supply[J]. Plant,Cell and Environment,2002,25(2),251-263.
[14]张殿忠,汪沛洪,席连喜. 干物质累积和脯氨酸累积的水势闭值与小麦抗旱性的关系[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,1990,2:66-71.
[15]王亚萍,胡正华,张雪松,等. 土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦根系分布规律的影响[J]. 江西农业学报,2016,44(11):67-71.
[16]马富举,李丹丹,蔡剑,等. 干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和叶片光合作用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2012,23(3):724-730.
[17]陈昕钰,杨阳,盛洁悦,等. 干旱胁迫对小麦颖果发育的影响[J]. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2017,38(1):81-88.
[18]Law B E,Falge E,Gu L,et al. Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113:97-120.
[19]Sadras V O,Milroy S P. Soil-water thresholds for the responses of leaf expansion and gas exchange:a review[J]. Field Crops Research,1996,47:253-266.
[20]张永强,毛学森,孙宏勇,等. 干旱胁迫对冬小麦叶绿素荧光的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2002,10(4):13-15.
[21]Zhang T,Wang Z,Yin Y,et al. Starch content and granule size distribution in grains of wheat in relation to post-anthesis water deficits[J]. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science,2010,196:1-8.
[22]Lu H F,Wang C Y,Guo T C,et al. Starch composition and its granules distribution in wheat grains in relation to post-anthesis high temperature and drought stress treatment[J]. Starch,2014,66:419-428.
[23]刘培,蔡焕杰,王健. 土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦生长发育、物质分配及产量构成的影响[J]. 农业现代化研究,2010,31(3):330-333.
[24]刘超,陈若礼,张存岭,等. 夏大豆植株干物质积累数学模拟研究[J]. 大豆科技,2011(6):17-20.
[25]Dai Q J,Peng S B,Chavez A Q,et al. Intra specific response of 188 rice cultivars toenhanced ultraviolet-B radiation[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,1994,34(4):433-442.
[26]Li Y,Yue M,Wang X L. Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on crop structure,growth and yield component of spring wheat under field conditions[J]. Field Crops Research,1998,57:253-263.
[27]岳文俊,张富仓,李志军,等. 返青期水分胁迫、复水和施肥对冬小麦生长及产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报,2012,40(2):57-63.
[28]高天鹏,安黎哲,冯虎元. 增强UV-B辐射和干旱对不同品种春小麦生长、产量和生物量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2009,42(6):1933-1940.
[29]房江育,张仁陟. 无机营养和水分胁迫对春小麦叶绿素、丙二醛含量等的影响及其相关性[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报,2001,36(1):89-94.
[30]陈斐,王润元,王鹤龄,等. 干旱胁迫下春小麦干物质积累和分配及其模拟[J]. 干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1148-1125.
[31]Li M Z,Feng Z,Chang A L. Improved yield by harvesting water with ridges and subgrooves using buried and surface plastic mulchs in a semiarid area of China[J]. Soil & Tillage Research,2015,150:21-29.