工艺创新机制研究:来自中国汽车企业的实证
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摘要
现有产品创新研究文献远远多于工艺创新文献,而对于工艺创新机制的研究更为少见。本文结合文献调研、专家访谈和汽车企业工艺实践,构建了汽车企业工艺创新机制理论模型和研究假设,利用结构方程模型对假设进行了检验。研究发现,决策机制对动力机制、组织机制和激励机制有正向作用,但决策机制对企业工艺创新能力没有直接影响;动力机制、组织机制直接影响工艺创新能力,动力机制的作用相对较弱;组织机制对激励机制的正向作用和激励机制对工艺创新能力的正向作用都没有通过检验。本文对丰富工艺创新研究具有重要的学术价值,研究成果有利于促进企业和政府加强对工艺创新重视。
Existing research literature on product innovation is far more than that on process innovation,especially on its mechanism. Based on the literature research,expert interviews and process practice of automobile companies,this paper constructs a theoretical model of process innovation,raises several hypothesis,and use structural equation model to test these hypotheses. This study finds that decision- making mechanism has positive effects on motive mechanism,organizational mechanism and incentive mechanism of process innovation,but does not show a direct influence on process innovation capacity;both motive mechanism and organizational mechanism have a direct impact on process innovation capacity while the effect of motive mechanism is inferior to the other. The two hypotheses of positive effects of organizational mechanism to incentive mechanism and that of incentive mechanism to process innovation capacity have failed to be tested. Not only does this paper help enrich technology innovation research,but also it draws enterprises ' and government 's much more attention to process innovation.
Existing research literature on product innovation is far more than that on process innovation,especially on its mechanism. Based on the literature research,expert interviews and process practice of automobile companies,this paper constructs a theoretical model of process innovation,raises several hypothesis,and use structural equation model to test these hypotheses. This study finds that decision- making mechanism has positive effects on motive mechanism,organizational mechanism and incentive mechanism of process innovation,but does not show a direct influence on process innovation capacity;both motive mechanism and organizational mechanism have a direct impact on process innovation capacity while the effect of motive mechanism is inferior to the other. The two hypotheses of positive effects of organizational mechanism to incentive mechanism and that of incentive mechanism to process innovation capacity have failed to be tested. Not only does this paper help enrich technology innovation research,but also it draws enterprises ' and government 's much more attention to process innovation.
引文
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[2]Utterback J M.Radical innovation and corporate regeneration[J].Research Technology Management,1994.
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[12]Yamamoto Y,Bellgran M.Four types of manufacturing process innovation and their managerial concerns[J].Procedia CIRP,2013,7(12):479-484.
[13]Schuman,C.A.,Brent,A.C.,2005.Asset life cycle management:Towards improving physical asset performance in the process industry[J].International Journal of Operations and Production Management 25,566-579.
[14]Robertson P L,Casali G L,Jacobson D.Managing open incremental process innovation:Absorptive capacity and distributed learning[J].Research Policy,2012,41(5):822-832.
[15]魏江,许庆瑞.企业技术创新机制的概念,内容和模式[J].科技进步与对策,1994,11(6):37-37.Wei Jiang,Xu Qingrui.Concepts,contents and models of firm’s technological innovation mechanisms[J].Science&Technology Progress and Policy,1994,11(6):37.
[16]李毅,佟福全,李玉平,等.美,日,欧企业技术创新机制的比较研究[J].经济研究参考,2002(37):2-15.Li Yi,Tong Fuquan,Li Yuping,et al.Comparative study on technology innovation mechanisms of firms from USA,Japan and europe[J].Review of Economic Research,2002(37):2-15.
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[18]张建民.试论区域技术创新机制与过程[J].经济问题探索,2010(8):75-80.Zhang Jianmin.Regional technology innovation mechanisms and process[J].Inquiry into Economic Issues,2010(8):75-80.
[19]欧阳新年.企业技术创新动力与利益激励机制[J].科学管理研究,2004,22(3):21-25.Ouyang Xinnian.The drive and benefit mofivation mechanismfor enterprise technology innovation[J].Scientific Management Research,2004,22(3):21-25.
[20]刘自新.中小企业技术创新机制构成因素探析[J].商业经济与管理,2001(7):43-45.Liu Zixin.Investigation on factors of small and medium firms’technology innovation mechanisms[J].Business Economics and Administration,2001(7):43-45.
[21]李婉红,毕克新,艾明晔.制造企业工艺创新决策模型的构建[J].统计与决策,2011(6):176-179.Li Wanhong,Bi Kexin,Ai Mingye.Construction of manufacturing firms’decision model of process innovation[J].Statistics and Decision,2011(6):176-179.
[22]申向阳.企业技术创新决策机制研究[D].北京交通大学,2010.Shen Xiangyang.Study on decision mechanims of firm’s technology innovation[D].Beijing:Beijing Transportation University,2010.
[23]孙群英,毕克新.制造业企业信息化对工艺创新能力影响机理的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,31(5):94-99.Sun Qunying,Bi Kexin.Empirical study and affect mechanism of manufacturing enterpriseinformatization to the technological innovation ability[J].Science of Science and Management of S.&T.,2010,31(5):94-99.
[24]高巍,毕克新.信息化水平对制造业企业工艺创新能力作用的实证研究[J].软科学,2011,25(10):6-11.Gao Wei,Bi Kexin.Empirical research on the effect of informatization levelon process innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises[J].Soft Science,2011,25(10):6-11.
[25]Ensley,M.D.,Pearson,A.W.,Amson,A.C.Understanding the dynamics of new venture top management teams:Cohesion,conflict,and new venture performance[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2002,17(4),365~386.
[26]丁晓辉.制造业中小企业工艺创新测度与评价研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2003.Ding Xiaohui.Study on process innovation measurement and judgment of small and medium manufacturing firms[D].Haerbin Science and Technology University,2003.
[27]Zaheer,A.,Bell,G.G.Benefiting from network position:Firm capabilities,structural holes,and performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(9):809-825.
[28]赵捷,柳卸林.我国技术创新之短[J].管理科学文摘,2000(2):9.Zhaojie,Liu Xielin.Shortage of technology innovation in China[J].Management Observation,2000(2):9.
[29]李婉红,毕克新,曹霞.基于IT驱动的制造企业工艺创新动力源研究[J].科研管理,2011,32(12):17-25.Li Wanhong,Bi Kexin,Cao Xia.The influential factors of knowledge flow coupling between product innovation and process innovation based on manufacturing enterprises[J].Science Research Management,2011,32(12):17-25.
[30]Woodman,R W Sawyer,Toward a theory of organizational creativity[J].Academy of Management Review.1993,18(3):293-321.
[31]Dekkers R,Chang C M,Kreutzfeldt J.The interface between“product design and engineering”and manufacturing:A review of the literature and empirical evidence[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2013,144(1):316-333.
[32]龙小兵.知识型企业员工非物质激励机制与创新绩效研究[D].中南大学,2012.Long Xiaobing.The research of knowledge employees’immaterial motivation mechanism and innovation performance[D].Central South University,2012.
[33]傅家骥.国企如何构建开发与激励的机制[J].中外管理,1998(7):10-13.Fu Jiaji.How state owned enterprises construct mechanisms for development and motivation[J].Sino-Foreign Management,1998(7):10-13.
[34]王瑛.基于企业技术创新能力的财务激励机制研究[D].中南大学,2006.Wang Ying.Study on financial motivation mechanisms based on firms’technological innovation capability[D].Central and South University,2006.
[35]Aschhoff,B.,Sofka W.,2009.Innovation on demand—Can public procurement drive market success of innovations?[J].Research Policy,38(8):1235-1247.
[2]Utterback J M.Radical innovation and corporate regeneration[J].Research Technology Management,1994.
[3]熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.Schumpeter J A.Theory of economic development[M].Beijing:The Commercial Press,2009.
[4]Kim L.Imitation to innovation:The dynamics of korea’s technological learning[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1997.
[5]王伟强,许庆瑞.企业工艺创新的源与模式研究[J].科研管理,1993(5):48-54.Wang Weiqiang,Xu Qingrui.Study on source and model of firm’s process innovation[J].Science Research Management,1993(5):48-54.
[6]Hayes R H,Wheelwright S G.Dynamics of process-product life-cycles[J].Harvard business review,1979,57(2):127-136.
[7]欧盟统计署.奥斯陆手册:创新数据的采集和解释指南[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2011.EU Department of Statistics.Oslo manual:Guidelines for collecting and interpreting technological innovation data[M].Beijing:Scientific and Technical Documentation Press,2011.
[8]傅家骥.技术创新学[M].清华大学出版社,1998:17.Fu Jiaji.Theory of technological innovation[M].Tsinghua University Press,1998:17.
[9]Kuznets S.National Income,1919-1935[M]//National Income,1919-1935.NBER,1937.
[10]Hammer M,Champy J.Reengineering the corporation:Amanifesto for business revolution[J].Business Horizons,1993,36(9):90-91.
[11]毕克新,丁晓辉,冯英浚.制造业中小企业工艺创新及测度评价现状和发展趋势研究综述[J].科研管理,2002,23(6):125-133.Bi Kexin,Ding Xiaohui,Feng Yingjun.The present condition and develop trend of process innovation,measuring and appraise research in medium and small enterprises of manufacturing industry[J].Science Research Management,2002,23(6):125-133.
[12]Yamamoto Y,Bellgran M.Four types of manufacturing process innovation and their managerial concerns[J].Procedia CIRP,2013,7(12):479-484.
[13]Schuman,C.A.,Brent,A.C.,2005.Asset life cycle management:Towards improving physical asset performance in the process industry[J].International Journal of Operations and Production Management 25,566-579.
[14]Robertson P L,Casali G L,Jacobson D.Managing open incremental process innovation:Absorptive capacity and distributed learning[J].Research Policy,2012,41(5):822-832.
[15]魏江,许庆瑞.企业技术创新机制的概念,内容和模式[J].科技进步与对策,1994,11(6):37-37.Wei Jiang,Xu Qingrui.Concepts,contents and models of firm’s technological innovation mechanisms[J].Science&Technology Progress and Policy,1994,11(6):37.
[16]李毅,佟福全,李玉平,等.美,日,欧企业技术创新机制的比较研究[J].经济研究参考,2002(37):2-15.Li Yi,Tong Fuquan,Li Yuping,et al.Comparative study on technology innovation mechanisms of firms from USA,Japan and europe[J].Review of Economic Research,2002(37):2-15.
[17]刘四大,李长虹.论我国技术创新机制的模式选择[J].软科学,1995,9(3):6-10.Liu Sida,Jing Yulan,Fu Chonglun,et al.Discussion of China’s model choice on its technology innovation mechanisms[J].Soft Science,1995,9(3):6-10.
[18]张建民.试论区域技术创新机制与过程[J].经济问题探索,2010(8):75-80.Zhang Jianmin.Regional technology innovation mechanisms and process[J].Inquiry into Economic Issues,2010(8):75-80.
[19]欧阳新年.企业技术创新动力与利益激励机制[J].科学管理研究,2004,22(3):21-25.Ouyang Xinnian.The drive and benefit mofivation mechanismfor enterprise technology innovation[J].Scientific Management Research,2004,22(3):21-25.
[20]刘自新.中小企业技术创新机制构成因素探析[J].商业经济与管理,2001(7):43-45.Liu Zixin.Investigation on factors of small and medium firms’technology innovation mechanisms[J].Business Economics and Administration,2001(7):43-45.
[21]李婉红,毕克新,艾明晔.制造企业工艺创新决策模型的构建[J].统计与决策,2011(6):176-179.Li Wanhong,Bi Kexin,Ai Mingye.Construction of manufacturing firms’decision model of process innovation[J].Statistics and Decision,2011(6):176-179.
[22]申向阳.企业技术创新决策机制研究[D].北京交通大学,2010.Shen Xiangyang.Study on decision mechanims of firm’s technology innovation[D].Beijing:Beijing Transportation University,2010.
[23]孙群英,毕克新.制造业企业信息化对工艺创新能力影响机理的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,31(5):94-99.Sun Qunying,Bi Kexin.Empirical study and affect mechanism of manufacturing enterpriseinformatization to the technological innovation ability[J].Science of Science and Management of S.&T.,2010,31(5):94-99.
[24]高巍,毕克新.信息化水平对制造业企业工艺创新能力作用的实证研究[J].软科学,2011,25(10):6-11.Gao Wei,Bi Kexin.Empirical research on the effect of informatization levelon process innovation capability in manufacturing enterprises[J].Soft Science,2011,25(10):6-11.
[25]Ensley,M.D.,Pearson,A.W.,Amson,A.C.Understanding the dynamics of new venture top management teams:Cohesion,conflict,and new venture performance[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2002,17(4),365~386.
[26]丁晓辉.制造业中小企业工艺创新测度与评价研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2003.Ding Xiaohui.Study on process innovation measurement and judgment of small and medium manufacturing firms[D].Haerbin Science and Technology University,2003.
[27]Zaheer,A.,Bell,G.G.Benefiting from network position:Firm capabilities,structural holes,and performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26(9):809-825.
[28]赵捷,柳卸林.我国技术创新之短[J].管理科学文摘,2000(2):9.Zhaojie,Liu Xielin.Shortage of technology innovation in China[J].Management Observation,2000(2):9.
[29]李婉红,毕克新,曹霞.基于IT驱动的制造企业工艺创新动力源研究[J].科研管理,2011,32(12):17-25.Li Wanhong,Bi Kexin,Cao Xia.The influential factors of knowledge flow coupling between product innovation and process innovation based on manufacturing enterprises[J].Science Research Management,2011,32(12):17-25.
[30]Woodman,R W Sawyer,Toward a theory of organizational creativity[J].Academy of Management Review.1993,18(3):293-321.
[31]Dekkers R,Chang C M,Kreutzfeldt J.The interface between“product design and engineering”and manufacturing:A review of the literature and empirical evidence[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2013,144(1):316-333.
[32]龙小兵.知识型企业员工非物质激励机制与创新绩效研究[D].中南大学,2012.Long Xiaobing.The research of knowledge employees’immaterial motivation mechanism and innovation performance[D].Central South University,2012.
[33]傅家骥.国企如何构建开发与激励的机制[J].中外管理,1998(7):10-13.Fu Jiaji.How state owned enterprises construct mechanisms for development and motivation[J].Sino-Foreign Management,1998(7):10-13.
[34]王瑛.基于企业技术创新能力的财务激励机制研究[D].中南大学,2006.Wang Ying.Study on financial motivation mechanisms based on firms’technological innovation capability[D].Central and South University,2006.
[35]Aschhoff,B.,Sofka W.,2009.Innovation on demand—Can public procurement drive market success of innovations?[J].Research Policy,38(8):1235-1247.