酸性硫酸盐土壤水稻轻简化施肥技术研究
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摘要
通过开展酸性硫酸盐土壤下不同土壤改良措施及不同施肥措施配合试验,研究不同轻简化施肥技术对水稻生长的影响。结果表明,酸性硫酸盐土壤早稻以施用改良剂及钙镁磷肥的酸性改良效果最佳,平均增产率6.4%～6.7%;晚稻则以施用有机肥的酸性改良效果最佳,平均增产5.4%。采用一次性施肥的缓/控释肥处理基础养分供应较充分,可以促使水稻早发快发分蘖,并保持对水稻的持续养分供应。早稻缓释肥产量最高,较常规施肥平均增产4.1%,晚稻控释BB肥处理产量最高,较常规施肥平均增产4.2%。最优轻简化施肥技术为一次性施用高磷缓释肥配施有机肥。
To clarify the effect of simplified fertilization on the rice growth, field experiments of different soil improvement and fertilization measures were conducted on acid sulphate soil(ASS). The results showed that applying soil conditioner(SC) and calcium magnesium phosphate(CMP) had the best effect on early rice growth, the average increase rate was 6.4%-6.7%. In contrast, microbial organic fertilizer(MOF) had the best effect on late rice growth, the average increase rate was 5.4%. The basic nutrient application of slow/controlled release fertilizer with single basal fertilization was sufficient for rice, which could promote the early tillering and maintain the continuous nutrient supply. Compared with the normal fertilization, the slow-release fertilizer(SRF) applied on early rice could increase rice yield by 4.1%, the controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer(CRF) applied on late rice could increase the yield by 4.2%technology for rice in acid sulphate soil is single basal application of slow-release fertilizer with high phosphorus and organic fertilizer.
To clarify the effect of simplified fertilization on the rice growth, field experiments of different soil improvement and fertilization measures were conducted on acid sulphate soil(ASS). The results showed that applying soil conditioner(SC) and calcium magnesium phosphate(CMP) had the best effect on early rice growth, the average increase rate was 6.4%-6.7%. In contrast, microbial organic fertilizer(MOF) had the best effect on late rice growth, the average increase rate was 5.4%. The basic nutrient application of slow/controlled release fertilizer with single basal fertilization was sufficient for rice, which could promote the early tillering and maintain the continuous nutrient supply. Compared with the normal fertilization, the slow-release fertilizer(SRF) applied on early rice could increase rice yield by 4.1%, the controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer(CRF) applied on late rice could increase the yield by 4.2%technology for rice in acid sulphate soil is single basal application of slow-release fertilizer with high phosphorus and organic fertilizer.
引文
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[18]王敬国.植物营养的土壤化学[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1995:92-103.
[19]刘宁,孙振涛,韩晓日,等.缓/控释肥料的研究进展及存在问题[J].土壤通报,2010,8(4):1005-1009.
[20]王火焰,周健民.肥料养分真实利用率计算与施肥策略[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):216-225.
[21]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008(5):915-924.
[22]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008(2):450-459.
[2]黄巧义,唐拴虎,卢瑛,等.酸性硫酸盐土的形成、特性及其生态环境效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1534-1544.
[3]钟继洪.酸性硫酸盐土中的硫及其形态演变探讨[J].生态学杂志,2003(5):98-101.
[4]黄巧义,唐拴虎,黄旭,等.广东省酸性硫酸盐水稻土作物产量的主要限制因子分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):180-191.
[5]章家恩,骆世明,王建武.酸性硫酸盐土研究现状与发展趋向[J].热带亚热带土壤科学,1998,7(4):309-313.
[6]罗薇.广东省酸性硫酸盐土的盐分特性及其变化研究[J].热带亚热带土壤科学,1998,7(3):239-241.
[7]王建武.酸性硫酸盐土的环境影响及其防治[J].热带亚热带土壤科学,1998,7(4):314-318.
[8]林初夏,吴志峰.酸性硫酸盐土的酸度类型及其测定方法[J].生态环境,2003,12(4):505-507.
[9]刘振乾,王建武,骆世明,等.几种利用方式下酸性硫酸盐土的环境风险及其连锁效应[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(3):211-214.
[10]臧小平,张承林,孙光明,等.酸性硫酸盐土壤上施用磷矿粉对水稻养分有效性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(2):203-207.
[11]黄旭,唐拴虎,杨少海,等.酸性硫酸盐土壤改良对不同品种水稻生育性状的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(6):48-56.
[12]易杰祥,吕亮雪,刘国道,等.土壤酸化及酸性土壤改良[J].华南农业大学学报,2006(1):25-28.
[13]易琼,唐拴虎,黄旭,等.碱性材料对修复与改良酸性硫酸盐土壤障碍因子的研究[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1277-1282.
[14]陈琼贤,彭志平.施用营养型土壤改良剂对水稻产量和土壤肥力的效应[J].土壤与环境,2002,11(4):373-375.
[15]肖厚军,王正银,何佳芳,等.磷石膏改良强酸性黄壤的效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(6):62-66.
[16]Shen Q R,Shen Z G.Effects of pig manure and wheat straw on growth of mung bean seedlings grown in aluminum toxicity soil[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,76:235-240.
[17]解开治,徐培智,严超,等.不同土壤改良剂对南方酸性土壤的改良效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(20):160-165.
[18]王敬国.植物营养的土壤化学[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1995:92-103.
[19]刘宁,孙振涛,韩晓日,等.缓/控释肥料的研究进展及存在问题[J].土壤通报,2010,8(4):1005-1009.
[20]王火焰,周健民.肥料养分真实利用率计算与施肥策略[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):216-225.
[21]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008(5):915-924.
[22]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008(2):450-459.