大规模风电接入下的火电机组灵活性改造规划
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摘要
风力发电具有极强的随机波动性,大规模风电的消纳需要火电提供辅助服务。然而,中国的火电机组普遍存在总量富余但灵活性不足的问题,严重限制了风电的消纳。文中构建了考虑火电机组灵活性改造的电力系统长期调度模型。考虑到该模型是具有多时间维度耦合特征的大规模优化模型,利用Benders分解算法,将原问题分解成关于灵活性改造的投资主问题与不同改造方案下的各调度时段的运行子问题,从而实现了对具有多时间维度的大规模优化问题的高效求解。算例分析显示,所构建的模型能够在提升电力系统运行经济性的同时促进高比例风电消纳。
Since wind power has strong stochastic volatility,the accommodation of lager-scale wind power requires thermal power to provide auxiliary services.However,thermal power units have high capacity but low flexibility in China,which severely restricts the accommodation of wind power.This paper develops a long-term generation scheduling model of power systems considering the flexibility reformation of thermal power units.Since this model is a large-scale optimization model with multiple coupling time dimensions,the Benders decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the original model into an investment master problem with regard to flexibility reformation,and a set of subproblems with regard to the operation in each scheduling time period under different reformation schemes.The efficient computation of large-scale optimization model with multiple time dimensions is then realized.The numerical example shows that the proposed model can improve the economy of power systems and prompt the accommodation of high-proportion wind power.
Since wind power has strong stochastic volatility,the accommodation of lager-scale wind power requires thermal power to provide auxiliary services.However,thermal power units have high capacity but low flexibility in China,which severely restricts the accommodation of wind power.This paper develops a long-term generation scheduling model of power systems considering the flexibility reformation of thermal power units.Since this model is a large-scale optimization model with multiple coupling time dimensions,the Benders decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the original model into an investment master problem with regard to flexibility reformation,and a set of subproblems with regard to the operation in each scheduling time period under different reformation schemes.The efficient computation of large-scale optimization model with multiple time dimensions is then realized.The numerical example shows that the proposed model can improve the economy of power systems and prompt the accommodation of high-proportion wind power.
引文
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[16]杨豫森.丹麦、德国火电灵活性改造借鉴意义[J].中国电业,2017(5):24.YANG Yusen.The referential value of thermal power reformation in Denmark and Germany[J].China Electric Power,2017(5):24.
[17]张继权,张艳波,苏琳.火电灵活性提升可行方案的研究[J].科技创新与应用,2016(31):201.ZHANG Jiquan,ZHANG Yanbo,SU Lin.Research on feasible solutions of improving the thermal power flexibility[J].Technology Innovation and Application,2016(31):201.
[18]重庆富燃科技股份有限公司.增强火电灵活性---快速启停、爬坡[EB/OL].[2018-01-05].http://www.cqfrkj.com/web/news/20170317/1610195506.html.Chongqing Furan Technology Co.Ltd..Enhance the flexibility of thermal power---quick start/stop and ramp-up[EB/OL].[2018-01-05].http://www.cqfrkj.com/web/news/20170317/1610195506.html.
[19]廖胜利,程春田,蔡华祥,等.改进的火电调峰方式[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(1):89-93.LIAO Shengli,CHENG Chuntian,CAI Huaxiang,et al.Improved algorithm of adjusting discharge peak by thermal power plants[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(1):89-93.
[20]姜延灿,邓彤天,张颖,等.600 MW火电机组低负荷调峰的经济运行方式分析[J].汽轮机技术,2015(1):61-64.JIANG Yancan,DENG Tongtian,ZHANG Ying,et al.Analysis on economic operation mode of 600 MW fossil-fired generating during peak shaving low load operation[J].Turbine Technology,2015(1):61-64.
[21]王鹏,张灵凌,梁琳,等.火电机组有偿调峰与无偿调峰划分方法探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(9):87-90.WANG Peng,ZHANG Lingling,LIANG Lin,et al.A method for division of paid peak-regulation and free peak-regulation for thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(9):87-90.
[22]王嘉阳,申建建,程春田,等.基于负荷重构策略的火电切负荷调峰方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2684-2691.WANG Jiayang,SHEN Jianjian,CHENG Chuntian,et al.Aload shedding method for thermal power plants with peak regulation based on load reconstruction strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2684-2691.
[23]林俐,邹兰青,周鹏,等.规模风电并网条件下火电机组深度调峰的多角度经济性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):21-27.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160719005.LIN Li,ZOU Lanqing,ZHOU Peng,et al.Multi-angle economic analysis on deep peak regulation of thermal power units with large-scale wind power integration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(7):21-27.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160719005.
[24]赵晓丽,王玫,赵越,等.基于火电机组容量差异的调峰辅助服务补偿机制改进模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):57-61.ZHAO Xiaoli,WANG Mei,ZHAO Yue,et al.A model of compensation mechanism on peak-regulating ancillary services based on capacity variance across thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):57-61.
[25]葛晓琳,张粒子.考虑调峰约束的风水火随机机组组合问题[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):222-230.GE Xiaolin,ZHANG Lizi.Wind-hydro-thermal stochastic unit commitment problem considering the peak regulation constraints[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(10):222-230.
[26]邹兰青.规模风电并网条件下火电机组深度调峰多角度经济性分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.ZOU Lanqing.Multi-angle economic analysis on deep peak regulation of thermal power units with large-scale wind power integration[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.
[27]KHODAEI A,BAHRAMIRAD S,SHAHIDEHPOUR M.Microgrid planning under uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2417-2425.
[28]KAZARLIS S A,BAKIRTZIS A G,PETRIDIS V.A genetic algorithm solution to the unit commitment problem[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1996,11(1):83-92.
[29]KALDELLIS J K.Optimum autonomous wind-power system sizing for remote consumers,using long-term wind speed data[J].Applied Energy,2002,71(3):215-233.
[30]LOFBERG J.YALMIP:a toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB[C]//IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,September 2-4,2004,New Orleans,USA.
[31]ZHANG M M,ZHOU D Q,ZHOU P,et al.Optimal design of subsidy to stimulate renewable energy investments:the case of China[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,71:873-883.
[32]YANG Dongxiao,CHEN Ziyue,NIE Puyan.Output subsidy of renewable energy power industry under asymmetric information[J].Energy,2016,117(1):291-299.
[2]艾芊,郝然.多能互补、集成优化能源系统关键技术及挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):2-10.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170927008.AI Qian,HAO Ran.Key technologies and challenges for multienergy complementarity and optimization of integrated energy system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):2-10.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170927008.
[3]杨经纬,张宁,王毅,等.面向可再生能源消纳的多能源系统:述评与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(4):11-24.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171002004.YANG Jingwei,ZHANG Ning,WANG Yi,et al.Multi-energy system towards renewable energy accommodation:review and prospect[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(4):11-24.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171002004.
[4]段建民,王志新,王承民,等.考虑碳减排效益的可再生电源规划[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):11-15.DUAN Jianmin,WANG Zhixin,WANG Chengmin,et al.Renewable power planning considering carbon emission reduction benefits[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):11-15.
[5]张晓辉,闫鹏达,钟嘉庆,等.考虑环境成本和需求侧管理项目的电源规划模型[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2809-2814.ZHANG Xiaohui,YAN Pengda,ZHONG Jiaqing,et al.Generation expansion planning model incorporating environment cost and demand side management programs[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2809-2814.
[6]GIL E,ARAVENA I,CRDENAS R.Generation capacity expansion planning under hydro uncertainty using stochastic mixed integer programming and scenario reduction[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2015,30(4):1838-1847.
[7]HEMMATI R,SABOORI H,JIRDEHI M A.Multistage generation expansion planning incorporating large scale energy storage systems and environmental pollution[J].Renewable Energy,2016,97:636-645.
[8]娄素华,罗鹏,吴耀武,等.计及负荷可控性的微网储能容量优化配置[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(21):39-45.LOU Suhua,LUO Peng,WU Yaowu,et al.Sizing of energy storage in microgrid with controllable load[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(21):39-45.
[9]DING Z,LEE W J,WANG J.Stochastic resource planning strategy to improve the efficiency of microgrid operation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(3):1978-1986.
[10]LOTFI H,KHODAEI A.AC versus DC microgrid planning[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,8(1):296-304.
[11]周子程,王海霞,吕泉,等.计及主客体因素的火电机组深度调峰补偿模型[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(5):47-55.ZHOU Zicheng,WANG Haixia,LQuan,et al.Deep peak load regulation compensation model of thermal power units considering subjective and objective factors[J].Southern Power System Technology,2017,11(5):47-55.
[12]吴慧军,申建建,程春田,等.网省两级调度多电源短期联合调峰方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2743-2755.WU Huijun,SHEN Jianjian,CHENG Chuntian,et al.Coordination method of regional and provincial grids for shortterm peak shaving operation among hybrid energy sources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2743-2755.
[13]刘永奇,张弘鹏,李群,等.东北电网电力调峰辅助服务市场设计与实践[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(10):148-154.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160706001.LIU Yongqi,ZHANG Hongpeng,LI Qun,et al.Design and practice of peak regulation ancillary service market for Northeast China power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(10):148-154.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160706001.
[14]龚胜,石奇光,冒玉晨,等.我国火电机组灵活性现状与技术发展[J].应用能源技术,2017(5):1-6.GONG Sheng,SHI Qiguang,MAO Yuchen,et al.Present situation and development of flexible technology of thermal power units in China[J].Applied Energy Technology,2017(5):1-6.
[15]林军,李军.火电厂直热式电锅炉灵活性改造实践[J].吉林电力,2017(5):11-14.LIN Jun,LI Jun.Practice of flexible reformation of direct thermal electric boiler in thermal power plant[J].Jilin Electric Power,2017(5):11-14.
[16]杨豫森.丹麦、德国火电灵活性改造借鉴意义[J].中国电业,2017(5):24.YANG Yusen.The referential value of thermal power reformation in Denmark and Germany[J].China Electric Power,2017(5):24.
[17]张继权,张艳波,苏琳.火电灵活性提升可行方案的研究[J].科技创新与应用,2016(31):201.ZHANG Jiquan,ZHANG Yanbo,SU Lin.Research on feasible solutions of improving the thermal power flexibility[J].Technology Innovation and Application,2016(31):201.
[18]重庆富燃科技股份有限公司.增强火电灵活性---快速启停、爬坡[EB/OL].[2018-01-05].http://www.cqfrkj.com/web/news/20170317/1610195506.html.Chongqing Furan Technology Co.Ltd..Enhance the flexibility of thermal power---quick start/stop and ramp-up[EB/OL].[2018-01-05].http://www.cqfrkj.com/web/news/20170317/1610195506.html.
[19]廖胜利,程春田,蔡华祥,等.改进的火电调峰方式[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(1):89-93.LIAO Shengli,CHENG Chuntian,CAI Huaxiang,et al.Improved algorithm of adjusting discharge peak by thermal power plants[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(1):89-93.
[20]姜延灿,邓彤天,张颖,等.600 MW火电机组低负荷调峰的经济运行方式分析[J].汽轮机技术,2015(1):61-64.JIANG Yancan,DENG Tongtian,ZHANG Ying,et al.Analysis on economic operation mode of 600 MW fossil-fired generating during peak shaving low load operation[J].Turbine Technology,2015(1):61-64.
[21]王鹏,张灵凌,梁琳,等.火电机组有偿调峰与无偿调峰划分方法探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(9):87-90.WANG Peng,ZHANG Lingling,LIANG Lin,et al.A method for division of paid peak-regulation and free peak-regulation for thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(9):87-90.
[22]王嘉阳,申建建,程春田,等.基于负荷重构策略的火电切负荷调峰方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2684-2691.WANG Jiayang,SHEN Jianjian,CHENG Chuntian,et al.Aload shedding method for thermal power plants with peak regulation based on load reconstruction strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2684-2691.
[23]林俐,邹兰青,周鹏,等.规模风电并网条件下火电机组深度调峰的多角度经济性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):21-27.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160719005.LIN Li,ZOU Lanqing,ZHOU Peng,et al.Multi-angle economic analysis on deep peak regulation of thermal power units with large-scale wind power integration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(7):21-27.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160719005.
[24]赵晓丽,王玫,赵越,等.基于火电机组容量差异的调峰辅助服务补偿机制改进模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):57-61.ZHAO Xiaoli,WANG Mei,ZHAO Yue,et al.A model of compensation mechanism on peak-regulating ancillary services based on capacity variance across thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):57-61.
[25]葛晓琳,张粒子.考虑调峰约束的风水火随机机组组合问题[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(10):222-230.GE Xiaolin,ZHANG Lizi.Wind-hydro-thermal stochastic unit commitment problem considering the peak regulation constraints[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(10):222-230.
[26]邹兰青.规模风电并网条件下火电机组深度调峰多角度经济性分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.ZOU Lanqing.Multi-angle economic analysis on deep peak regulation of thermal power units with large-scale wind power integration[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.
[27]KHODAEI A,BAHRAMIRAD S,SHAHIDEHPOUR M.Microgrid planning under uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2417-2425.
[28]KAZARLIS S A,BAKIRTZIS A G,PETRIDIS V.A genetic algorithm solution to the unit commitment problem[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,1996,11(1):83-92.
[29]KALDELLIS J K.Optimum autonomous wind-power system sizing for remote consumers,using long-term wind speed data[J].Applied Energy,2002,71(3):215-233.
[30]LOFBERG J.YALMIP:a toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB[C]//IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation,September 2-4,2004,New Orleans,USA.
[31]ZHANG M M,ZHOU D Q,ZHOU P,et al.Optimal design of subsidy to stimulate renewable energy investments:the case of China[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,71:873-883.
[32]YANG Dongxiao,CHEN Ziyue,NIE Puyan.Output subsidy of renewable energy power industry under asymmetric information[J].Energy,2016,117(1):291-299.