林分状态分析方法在兴安落叶松天然林林分质量评价中的应用
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摘要
通过对大兴安岭地区不同类型兴安落叶松天然林样地进行每木定位、调查及分析,从林分结构和林分活力2个方面对林分状态进行描述,基于林分状态对不同类型兴安落叶松天然林质量进行分析评价。结果表明,杜香-兴安落叶松林(ω=0.295)林分状态与其他2种类型林分比较相对较差,林分水平结构、年龄结构以及林分更新3个指标不合理;草类-兴安落叶松林(ω=0.531)林分状态处于中等水平,树种多样性指标不合理;杜鹃-兴安落叶松林(ω=0.500)林分状态处于中等水平,年龄结构、树种多样性和顶极种竞争3个指标不合理。3种不同类型兴安落叶松林的林分质量高低排序为草类-兴安落叶松林>杜鹃-兴安落叶松林>杜香-兴安落叶松林,与以往对这3种林型生产力大小相比较的研究结果一致。
On the basis of setting sample plots at the Larix gmelinii nature forest in Daxing'an mountains,the states of stands were described by stand structure and stand vigour,from which the quality of different types of L.gmelinii natural forest were estimated.The result showed that the stand state of Ledum-Larix forest(ω=0.295)was the worst,three indicators were unreasonable,including horizontal structure,stand age structure and stand regeneration.The stand state of grass-Larixforest(ω=0.531)was at moderate level,and the indicator of tree species diversity was unreasonable.The stand state of the RhododendronLarixforest(ω=0.500)was at moderate level,and the three indicators were unreasonable,including stand age structure,tree species diversity and climax species competition.The quality of three different types of Larix gmelinii forest was grass-Larixforest>Rhododendron-Larixforest>Ledum-Larixforest,which was consistent with previous studies on the productivity of these three forest types.
On the basis of setting sample plots at the Larix gmelinii nature forest in Daxing'an mountains,the states of stands were described by stand structure and stand vigour,from which the quality of different types of L.gmelinii natural forest were estimated.The result showed that the stand state of Ledum-Larix forest(ω=0.295)was the worst,three indicators were unreasonable,including horizontal structure,stand age structure and stand regeneration.The stand state of grass-Larixforest(ω=0.531)was at moderate level,and the indicator of tree species diversity was unreasonable.The stand state of the RhododendronLarixforest(ω=0.500)was at moderate level,and the three indicators were unreasonable,including stand age structure,tree species diversity and climax species competition.The quality of three different types of Larix gmelinii forest was grass-Larixforest>Rhododendron-Larixforest>Ledum-Larixforest,which was consistent with previous studies on the productivity of these three forest types.
引文
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[2]王文波,赵鹏武,姜喜麟,等.兴安落叶松林分结构及其生物量碳分配格局[J].森林工程,2017,33(1):16-21.WANG W B,ZHAO P W,JIANG X L,et al.Stand structure and biomass carbon allocation pattern of Larix gmelinii[J].Forest Engineering,2017,33(1):16-21.(in Chinese)
[3]曾伟生.近自然森林经营是提高我国森林质量的可行途径[J].林业资源管理,2009(2):6-11.ZENG W S.Close-to-nature forest management:apractical approach to improve the forest quality of China[J].Forest Resources Management,2009(2):6-11.(in Chinese)
[4]李湃,李应珍,杨雪峰,等.大兴安岭林区低效林补植改造生态效应分析[J].森林工程,2016,32(3):36-39.LI P,LI Y Z,YANG X F,et al.Ecological effects of replanting and transformation of low-efficiency forest in Daxinganling forest area[J].Forest Engineering,2016,32(3):36-39.(in Chinese)
[5]王忠春,亢新刚,罗仙仙,等.森林健康评价研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(5):163-169.WANG Z C,KANG X G,LUO X X,et al.Progress on the assessment of forest health[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(5):163-169.(in Chinese)
[6]唐守正,刘世荣.我国天然林保护与可持续经营[J].中国农业科技导报,2000,2(1):42-46.
[7]刘世荣,马姜明,缪宁.中国天然林保护、生态恢复与可持续经营的理论与技术[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):0212-0218.LIU S R,MA J M,MIAO N.Achievements in natural forest protection,ecological restoration,and sustainable management in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(1):0212-0218.(in Chinese)
[8]FRANKLIN J F,SPIES T A,PELT R V,et al.Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications,using Douglas-fir forests as an example[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2002,155(1-3):399-423.
[9]KINT V,LUST N,FERRIS R,et al.Quantification of forest stand structure applied to Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)forests[J].Investigacion Agraria Sistemas Y Recursos Forestales,2000,10(1):147-164.
[10]惠刚盈,KLAUS V G,胡艳波,等.结构化森林经营[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007.
[11]惠刚盈,张弓乔,赵中华,等.天然混交林最优林分状态的π值法则[J].林业科学,2016,52(5):1-8.HUI G Y,ZHANG G Q,ZHAO Z H,et al.A new rule ofπvalue of natural mixed forest optimal stand state[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(5):1-8.(in Chinese)
[12]惠刚盈,赵中华,张弓乔.基于林分状态的天然林经营措施优先性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(1):1-10.HUI G Y,ZHAO Z H,ZHANG G Q.Priority of management measures for natural forests based on the stand state[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(1):1-10.(in Chinese)
[13]刘娜,齐淑艳,陈宏伟.等.大兴安岭呼中林区不同火后恢复年限森林碳密度变化研究[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):8-12.LIU N,QI S Y,CHEN H W,et al.Temporal changes in forest carbon density after fire disturbance in Huzhong forest region of Daxinganling mountains[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(5):8-12.(in Chinese)
[14]那冬晨,杨传平,姜静,等.兴安落叶松种源区划及优良种源选择[J].林业科技,2005,30(4):1-4.
[15]蒋延玲,周广胜.兴安落叶松林碳平衡和全球变化影响研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(4):481-484.JIANG Y L,ZHOU G S.Carbon equilibrium in Larix gmelinii forest and impact of global change on it[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(4):481-484.(in Chinese)
[16]GOWER S T,KRANKINA O,OLSON R J,et al.Net primary production and carbon allocation patterns of boreal forest ecosystems[J].Ecological Applications,2001,11(5):1395-1411.
[17]WANG C,GOWER S T,WANG Y,et al.The influence of fire on carbon distribution and net primary production of boreal Larix gmelinii forests in north-eastern China[J].Global Change Biology,2001,7(6):719-730.
[18]陈宏伟,常禹,胡远满,等.大兴安岭呼中林区森林死可燃物载量及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(1):50-55.CHEN H W,CHANG Y,HU Y M,et al.Load of forest surface dead fuel in Huzhong area of Daxinganling mountains and relevant affecting factors[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(1):50-55.(in Chinese)
[19]刘志华,杨健,贺红士,等.黑龙江大兴安岭呼中林区火烧点格局分析及影响因素[J].生态学报,2011,31(6):1669-1677.LIU Z H.YANG J,HE H S,et al.Spatial point analysis of fire occurrence and its influence factor in Huzhong forest area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(6):1669-1677.(in Chinese)
[20]常禹,冷文芳,贺红士,等.应用证据权重法估测林火发生的可能性——以呼中林区为例[J].林业科学,2010,46(2):103-109.CHANG Y,LENG W F,HE H S,et al.Using weights of evidence to estimate the probability of forest fire[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(2):103-109.(in Chinese)
[21]惠刚盈,赵中华,胡艳波.结构化森林经营技术指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[22]惠刚盈,V.G.KLAUS,A.MATTHIAS.角尺度——一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学,1999,35(1):37-42.HUI G Y,KLAUS V G,MATTIAS A.A new structure parameter for describing distribution of forest tree position[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1999,35(1):37-42.(in Chinese)
[23]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(1):23-27.HUI G Y,HU Y B.Measuring species spatial isolation in mixed forests[J].Forest Research,2001,14(1):23-27.(in Chinese)
[24]张连金,惠刚盈,孙长忠.马尾松人工林首次间伐年龄的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(6):22-27.ZHANG L J,HUI G Y,SUN C Z.The first thinning age of Pinus massoniana plantation[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2011,31(6):22-27.(in Chinese)
[25]赵中华,惠刚盈,胡艳波,等.基于大小比数的林分空间优势度表达方法及其应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):78-82.ZHAO Z H,HUI G Y,HU Y B,et al.Method and application of stand spatial advantage degree based on the neighborhood comparison[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2014,36(1):78-82.(in Chinese)
[26]惠刚盈,克劳斯,冯佳多.森林空间结构量化分析方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[27]森林资源规划设计调查技术规程:GB/T26424—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[28]王飞,叶冬梅,臧传富,等.大兴安岭不同龄组兴安落叶松林乔木层生物量分配[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):23-28.WANG F,YE D M,ZENG C F,et al.Tree biomass distribution of Larix gmelinii in Daxinganling mountanis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(5):23-28.(in Chinese)
[29]冯林,杨玉珙.兴安落叶松原始林三种林型生物产量的研究[J].林业科学,1985,21(1):86-92.
[30]鲍春生,白艳,青梅,等.兴安落叶松天然林生物生产力及碳储量研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(2):77-82.BAO C S,BAI Y,QING M,et al.Study on the Larix gmelinii natural forest biomass carbon storage[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2010,31(2):77-82.(in Chinese)
[31]玉宝.兴安落叶松天然林林分结构与生产力特征的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006.
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