偃松种子萌发特性的初步研究
|
摘要
为了解偃松种子萌发特性,提高繁殖效率,以大兴安岭呼中分布区偃松种子为试材,采用室温贮藏、低温贮藏、低温混沙贮藏和自然条件雪藏的处理方法,观察萌发过程中种子形态和结构变化。结果表明:成熟种子暗褐色,三角状卵形,千粒重130.8±4.8 g,含水率为8.78±0.8%,种子吸水率曲线呈反"J"型,种皮透水性良好。萌发过程可分为吸胀期、萌动期和发芽期,萌动期种子形态变化明显。4种不同贮藏方式的种子萌发率存在显著差异,室温贮藏种子萌发率为0,低温贮藏种子可达到7%,低温混沙贮藏和自然条件雪藏的种子萌发率高达66%,是加速种子萌发的有效方法。
In order to understand the germination characteristics of seeds,improve the breeding efficiency,the Pinus pumila seeds in Huzhong distribution area of Daxinganling were used as materials. The methods of storage at roomtemperature,at low temperature(4℃),sand storage at low temperature and snow storage in natural condition were usedto observe the morphological changes during germination. The results showed that the mature seeds were dark brown andtriangular in shape. The seeds were of the thousand seed weight of 130.8±4.8 g and water content of 8.78±0.8%. Seed waterabsorption rate curve showed "J" type,and the seed coat had good water permeability. The germination process could bedivided into imbibition stage,preparation stage and germination stage. During the preparation stage,the seed morphologychanged obviously. There existed signifi cant differences in seed germination rate among the four different storage methods. The seed germination rate is 0 at room temperature,and 7% at low temperature. While the rate of sand storage at lowtemperature and snow storage in natural condition were as high as 66%,which were effective to speed up seed germination.
In order to understand the germination characteristics of seeds,improve the breeding efficiency,the Pinus pumila seeds in Huzhong distribution area of Daxinganling were used as materials. The methods of storage at roomtemperature,at low temperature(4℃),sand storage at low temperature and snow storage in natural condition were usedto observe the morphological changes during germination. The results showed that the mature seeds were dark brown andtriangular in shape. The seeds were of the thousand seed weight of 130.8±4.8 g and water content of 8.78±0.8%. Seed waterabsorption rate curve showed "J" type,and the seed coat had good water permeability. The germination process could bedivided into imbibition stage,preparation stage and germination stage. During the preparation stage,the seed morphologychanged obviously. There existed signifi cant differences in seed germination rate among the four different storage methods. The seed germination rate is 0 at room temperature,and 7% at low temperature. While the rate of sand storage at lowtemperature and snow storage in natural condition were as high as 66%,which were effective to speed up seed germination.
引文
[1]Chao W,Foley M,Dogramaci M,et al.Alternating temperature breaks dormancy in leafy spurge seeds and impacts signaling networks associated with HY5[J].Functional&Integrative Genomics,2011,11(4):637-649.
[2]Yan D W,Easwaran V,Chau V,et al.NIN-like protein 8is a master regulator of nitrate-promoted seed germination in Arabidopsis[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:13179.
[3]Shu K,Liu X D,Xie Q,et al.Two faces of one seed:hormonal regulation of dormancy and germination[J].Molecular Plant,2016,9(1):34-45.
[4]Sano Y,Matano T,Ujihara A.Growth of Pinus pumila and climate fl uctuation in Japan[J].Nature,1977,266:159-161.
[5]任宪威.树木学(北方本)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1997:60.
[6]庄会霞,刘琪璟,孟盛旺,等.内蒙古大兴安岭地区偃松生长规律[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(8):46-52.
[7]Shilo N A,Lozhkin A V,Anderson P M,et al.Glacial refugium of Pinus pumila(Pall.)Regel in Northeastern Siberia[J].Doklady Earth Sciences,2007,412(1):122-124.
[8]姜孟霞.对大兴安岭偃松的分布、生长的初步研究[J].林业科学,1982,18(2):203-205.
[9]Kajimoto T.Aboveground biomass and litterfall of Pinus pumila scrubs growing on the Kiso Mountain range in central Japan[J].Ecological Research,1989,4(1):55-69.
[10]Takahashi K,Yoshida S.How the scrub height of dwarf pine Pinus pumila decreases at the treeline[J].Ecological Research,2009,24(4):847-854.
[11]Petrova E A,Goroshkevich S N,Belokon M M,et al.Population genetic structure and mating system in the hybrid zone between Pinus sibirica Du Tour and P.pumila(Pall.)Regel at the Eastern Baikal Lake shore[J].Annals of Forest Research,2007,51(1):19-30.
[12]李和平.植物显微技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:106-109.
[13]刘子凡.种子学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015,67-74.
[14]韩建伟,张智勇,王恩茂,等.大别山五针松种子特性及促进种子萌发的研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(1):5-10.
[15]李莹,刘淑欣,彭鸽,等.马尾松种子萌发与幼苗生长异养转自养生理过程研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(6):9-16.
[16]张跃敏,李根前,李莲芳,等.温度和湿度对云南松种子发芽的影响[J].陕西林业科技,2010(4):1-4.
[17]Gebauer R,Vola?ík D,Funda T,et al.Pinus pumila growth at different altitudes in the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula(Russia)[J].Journal of Forest Science,2010,56(3):101-111.
[18]李文良,张小平,郝朝运,等.珍稀植物连香树(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)的种子萌发特性[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5445-5453.
[19]董丽芬,邵崇斌,张宗勤.白皮松种胚的休眠萌发特性研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(6):47-54.
[20]席沁,赵廷宁,张成梁.若干种子处理方法对偃松种子生活力的影响[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(4):427-433.
[21]Nonogaki H.Seed dormancy and germination-emerging mechanisms and new hypotheses[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2014,5:1-14.
[22]乐笑玮,崔敏燕,杨淑贞,等.濒危植物天目铁木种子休眠及萌发特征研究[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,6:150-158.
[23]邵岚.杉木、马尾松种子贮藏特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2005.
[2]Yan D W,Easwaran V,Chau V,et al.NIN-like protein 8is a master regulator of nitrate-promoted seed germination in Arabidopsis[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:13179.
[3]Shu K,Liu X D,Xie Q,et al.Two faces of one seed:hormonal regulation of dormancy and germination[J].Molecular Plant,2016,9(1):34-45.
[4]Sano Y,Matano T,Ujihara A.Growth of Pinus pumila and climate fl uctuation in Japan[J].Nature,1977,266:159-161.
[5]任宪威.树木学(北方本)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1997:60.
[6]庄会霞,刘琪璟,孟盛旺,等.内蒙古大兴安岭地区偃松生长规律[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(8):46-52.
[7]Shilo N A,Lozhkin A V,Anderson P M,et al.Glacial refugium of Pinus pumila(Pall.)Regel in Northeastern Siberia[J].Doklady Earth Sciences,2007,412(1):122-124.
[8]姜孟霞.对大兴安岭偃松的分布、生长的初步研究[J].林业科学,1982,18(2):203-205.
[9]Kajimoto T.Aboveground biomass and litterfall of Pinus pumila scrubs growing on the Kiso Mountain range in central Japan[J].Ecological Research,1989,4(1):55-69.
[10]Takahashi K,Yoshida S.How the scrub height of dwarf pine Pinus pumila decreases at the treeline[J].Ecological Research,2009,24(4):847-854.
[11]Petrova E A,Goroshkevich S N,Belokon M M,et al.Population genetic structure and mating system in the hybrid zone between Pinus sibirica Du Tour and P.pumila(Pall.)Regel at the Eastern Baikal Lake shore[J].Annals of Forest Research,2007,51(1):19-30.
[12]李和平.植物显微技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:106-109.
[13]刘子凡.种子学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015,67-74.
[14]韩建伟,张智勇,王恩茂,等.大别山五针松种子特性及促进种子萌发的研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(1):5-10.
[15]李莹,刘淑欣,彭鸽,等.马尾松种子萌发与幼苗生长异养转自养生理过程研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(6):9-16.
[16]张跃敏,李根前,李莲芳,等.温度和湿度对云南松种子发芽的影响[J].陕西林业科技,2010(4):1-4.
[17]Gebauer R,Vola?ík D,Funda T,et al.Pinus pumila growth at different altitudes in the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula(Russia)[J].Journal of Forest Science,2010,56(3):101-111.
[18]李文良,张小平,郝朝运,等.珍稀植物连香树(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)的种子萌发特性[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5445-5453.
[19]董丽芬,邵崇斌,张宗勤.白皮松种胚的休眠萌发特性研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(6):47-54.
[20]席沁,赵廷宁,张成梁.若干种子处理方法对偃松种子生活力的影响[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(4):427-433.
[21]Nonogaki H.Seed dormancy and germination-emerging mechanisms and new hypotheses[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2014,5:1-14.
[22]乐笑玮,崔敏燕,杨淑贞,等.濒危植物天目铁木种子休眠及萌发特征研究[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,6:150-158.
[23]邵岚.杉木、马尾松种子贮藏特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2005.