陕西省湿地生态系统治污减霾功能评估
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摘要
根据中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T 1721—2008),以及陕西省湿地资源清查数据和我国权威机构公布的社会公共数据,依托国家林业局黄龙山和秦岭森林生态国家定位观测研究站长期、连续、定位观测研究数据集以及陕西省环保厅公布的环境资源数据,采用分布式测算方法评价陕西省湿地生态系统潜在的治污减霾功能。结果表明:陕西省湿地生态系统滞纳大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5分别为33.84万t·a~(-1)、4.08万t·a~(-1)、1.51万t·a~(-1),固定二氧化碳和释放氧气物质量分别为5.45万t·a~(-1)、14.56万t·a~(-1);陕西省湿地生态系统净化环境总价值为799.25亿元·a~(-1),其中清除大气颗粒物、降解污染物、固碳释氧产生的价值分别为716.77亿元·a~(-1)、79.95亿元·a~(-1)、2.53亿元·a~(-1);陕西省10个市湿地生态系统治污减霾的价值量存在显著差异,渭南市湿地治污减霾价值量所占比例最大,不同地市湿地生态系统治污减霾价值量由大到小依次为:渭南>榆林>西安>汉中>宝鸡>延安>商洛>安康>咸阳>铜川;不同湿地类型治污减霾功能存在明显差异,河流湿地的治污减霾总价值量为662.20亿元,占陕西湿地治污减霾总价值量的82.85%,其次为人工湿地、沼泽湿地和湖泊湿地,其治污减霾价值量分别占总价值量的10.98%、3.34%和2.82%。
According to the forestry industry standard of the people's Republic of China"forest ecosystem service functionevaluation standard"(LY/T1721—2008),as well as the forest resources data of Shaanxi province and the social publicdata published by authoritative organizations in China,relying on the long-term,continuous and fixed observationdata set of the national fixed observation and research station of forest ecology of the state forestry administration and theenvironmental resources data published by the environmental protection department of Shaanxi province,the potentialpollution control and haze reduction functions of the wetland ecosystem of Shaanxi province are evaluated by usingdistributed calculation methods. The results showed that TSP,PM10 and PM2.5 in the wetland ecosystem of Shaanxi provincewere 338 400 t·a~(-1),40 800 t·a~(-1) and 15 100 t·a~(-1) respectively,and the mass of fixed carbon dioxide and oxygenreleasing substances were 54 500 t·a~(-1)and 145 600 t·a~(-1) respectively. The total value of purification environment of wetlandecosystem in Shaanxi province is 79.925 billion yuan·a~(-1),among which the values of removing atmospheric particulatematter,degrading pollutants and carbon fixation and oxygen release are 71.677 billion yuan·a~(-1),7.995 billion yuan·a~(-1)and 253 million yuan·a~(-1) respectively. There are significant differences in the value of pollution and haze reduction inwetland ecosystems in 10 cities in Shaanxi Province,the proportion of pollution and haze in Weinan Wetland is the largest,and the value of pollution reduction of wetland ecosystem in different cities from big to small is as follows:Weinan,Yulin,Xi'An,Baoji,Yan'An,Shangluo,Ankang,Xianyang and Tongchuan. There are obvious differences in the function ofreducing haze in different wetland types,the total value of pollution and haze in river wetland is 66.22 billion yuan,whichaccounts for 82.85% of the total value of pollution and haze in Shaanxi Wetland,followed by artificial wetland,swampwetland and lake wetland,the value of pollution and haze is 10.98% and 3.34% and 2.82% of total value respectively.
According to the forestry industry standard of the people's Republic of China"forest ecosystem service functionevaluation standard"(LY/T1721—2008),as well as the forest resources data of Shaanxi province and the social publicdata published by authoritative organizations in China,relying on the long-term,continuous and fixed observationdata set of the national fixed observation and research station of forest ecology of the state forestry administration and theenvironmental resources data published by the environmental protection department of Shaanxi province,the potentialpollution control and haze reduction functions of the wetland ecosystem of Shaanxi province are evaluated by usingdistributed calculation methods. The results showed that TSP,PM10 and PM2.5 in the wetland ecosystem of Shaanxi provincewere 338 400 t·a~(-1),40 800 t·a~(-1) and 15 100 t·a~(-1) respectively,and the mass of fixed carbon dioxide and oxygenreleasing substances were 54 500 t·a~(-1)and 145 600 t·a~(-1) respectively. The total value of purification environment of wetlandecosystem in Shaanxi province is 79.925 billion yuan·a~(-1),among which the values of removing atmospheric particulatematter,degrading pollutants and carbon fixation and oxygen release are 71.677 billion yuan·a~(-1),7.995 billion yuan·a~(-1)and 253 million yuan·a~(-1) respectively. There are significant differences in the value of pollution and haze reduction inwetland ecosystems in 10 cities in Shaanxi Province,the proportion of pollution and haze in Weinan Wetland is the largest,and the value of pollution reduction of wetland ecosystem in different cities from big to small is as follows:Weinan,Yulin,Xi'An,Baoji,Yan'An,Shangluo,Ankang,Xianyang and Tongchuan. There are obvious differences in the function ofreducing haze in different wetland types,the total value of pollution and haze in river wetland is 66.22 billion yuan,whichaccounts for 82.85% of the total value of pollution and haze in Shaanxi Wetland,followed by artificial wetland,swampwetland and lake wetland,the value of pollution and haze is 10.98% and 3.34% and 2.82% of total value respectively.
引文
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[3]陈鹏.厦门湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].湿地科学,2006,4(2):101-107.
[4]郑耀辉,王树功,陈桂珠.滨海红树林湿地生态系统健康的诊断方法和评价指标[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):111-116.
[5]张和钰,陈传明,郑行洋,等.漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区湿地生态系统服务价值评估[J].湿地科学,2013(1):108-113.
[6]张华,武晶,孙才志,等.辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值测评[J].资源科学,2008,30(2):267-273.
[7]李敏.武汉市湿地生态旅游可持续发展研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[8]杨玲,孔范龙,郗敏,等.基于Meta分析的青岛市湿地生态系统服务价值评估[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):1038-1046.
[9]黄维菊,魏星.污水处理工程设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[10]张玲,李小娟,周德民,等.基于Meta分析的中国湖沼湿地生态系统服务价值转移研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5507-5517.
[11]赵玲,王尔大.基于Meta分析的自然资源效益转移方法的实证研究[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):31-40.
[12]丛日征,王兵,牛香,等.陕西省森林生态系统净化大气环境功能价值评估[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):75-82.
[13]梁春玲.湿地生态系统服务研究现状与发展趋势[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(13):18-20.
[14]陕西省地方志办公室.陕西省情[EB/OL].(2018-04-26)[2018-11-01].http://www.sxsdq.cn/sxsq/.
[15]宫晓琳,赵冰,弓弼,等.陕西省湿地生态系统服务价值初步评估[J].湿地科学,2017,15(6):871-874.
[16]张新兵,王茸仙,邓小明.陕西省湿地保护现状及存在的问题[J].中国林业产业,2017,4:296.
[17]王兵,党景中,徐育林,等.陕西省森林与湿地生态系统治污减霾功能研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2018.
[18]丛日征,王兵,谷建才,等.宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区森林生态系统服务价值评估[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):136-140.
[19]曹月.辽宁省湿地生态系统服务功能价值测评[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2009.
[20]宋庆丰,牛香,殷彤,等.黑龙江省湿地生态系统服务功能评估[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(6):149-152.
[21]赵妍.沈阳市土壤与降尘物质组成特性关系研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[22]段晓男,王效科,尹弢,等.湿地生态系统固碳潜力研究进展[J].生态环境,2006,1(5):1091-1095.
[23]何沙.湖南湿地资源现状分析与保护对策研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2013.
[24]姚文涛,王静,葛琳,等.城市化进程对自然水系功能的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(6):56-58.
[25]张曙光.多泥沙河流水体污染调查技术指南[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004.