小陇山林区珍稀濒危植物庙台槭种群结构分析
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摘要
【目的】了解小陇山林区庙台槭种群的数量特征、生存状态,分析过去种群受干扰状态、致危的主因,预测未来的种群动态,从而为制定相应的种群保护、天然恢复和人工回归引种策略提供科学依据。【方法】采用全面调查的方法,对小陇山林区的6个种群的庙台槭单株,逐一进行GPS定位和生长指标测定,以林木径级结构代替年龄结构,编制种群特定时间生命表,绘制存活和死亡曲线,分析种群动态。【结果】李子白音、观音纸庙沟、党川冷水泉种群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级株数之和占种群总株数比分别为62.2%、92.6%、62.5%,为年轻种群,结构呈金字塔型,属稳定性种群;沙坝张家大沟种群缺失Ⅷ、Ⅹ级龄级的个体,近年仅更新2株幼苗,种群处于衰退之中;东岔割漆沟、高桥上坝小沟种群龄级结构极不完整,是受人为严重干扰的种群。人为影响较小的种群存活曲线为DeeveyⅢ型,在Ⅰ龄级和Ⅶ龄级死亡率高,Ⅰ龄级死亡率高是种群内个体激烈竞争,Ⅶ龄级死亡率高是人为的强烈干扰,4个庙台槭种群死亡曲线出现异常波动的龄级均存在人为干扰的因素,故小陇山林区庙台槭种群濒危的主因为长期人为协迫。【结论】小陇山林区6个庙台槭种群恢复的有效途径为对李子白音、观音纸庙沟、党川冷水泉3个稳定性种群加强保护,防止人为破坏,促进天然恢复;沙坝张家大沟、东岔割漆沟、高桥上坝小沟受人为严重干扰的种群应停止破坏,加强保护,进行回归引种扩大种群规模。
【Objective】In order to understand the quantitative characteristics and survival status of Acer miaotaiense P. C.Tsoong population in Xiaolongshan region,the disturbed state and main causes of endangerment in the past were analyzed,and the future population dynamics were predicted,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating the strategies of population protection,natural restoration and artificial regression.Using a comprehensive survey.【Method】The GPS was located and growth index were measured of the 6 Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong populations in Xiaolongshan region. By replacing the age structure with the tree diameter structure,a specific time life table was compiled,the survival and death curves were drawn,and the population dynamics was analyzed.【Result】The results showed that,the ratio of the number of population I,II and III of Lizi Baiyin,Guanyin Zhimiaogou and Dangchuan Lengshuiquan to the total population were 62.2%,92.6%,62.5%,and were young population. The structure was Pyramid type and belonged to the stable population. The large ditch population in Shaba Zhangjiadagou lacked of age Ⅷ and Ⅹ individuals,only 2 seedlings had been updated in recent years and the population was in recession. Age structure of the population in Dongcha Geqigou and Gaoqiao Shangbaxiaogou was not complete,was affected by human interference. The survival curve of population with small human influence was Deevey Ⅲ type. High mortality at age Ⅰ and age Ⅶ levels. The high mortality of age Ⅰ was due to the fierce competition among the individuals,and the high mortality of age Ⅶ was the strong disturbance of human being. The age of abnormal fluctuation in the death curve of the4 Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong population were affected by human interference. So the main cause of endangered population of Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong was long-term human interference in Xiaolongshan region.【Conclusion】The effective way to restore the 6 Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong populations in Xiaolongshan region was to strengthen the protection,prevent human destruction and promote natural recovery for the three stable populations of Lizi baiyin,Guanyin Zhimiaogou and Dangchuan Lengshuiquan. Stop destroying,strengthen the protection and expand the population scale by regression introducing of the population disturbed seriously by human activities in Shaba Zhangjiagou,Dongcha Geqigou and Gaoqiao Shangbaxiaogou.
【Objective】In order to understand the quantitative characteristics and survival status of Acer miaotaiense P. C.Tsoong population in Xiaolongshan region,the disturbed state and main causes of endangerment in the past were analyzed,and the future population dynamics were predicted,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating the strategies of population protection,natural restoration and artificial regression.Using a comprehensive survey.【Method】The GPS was located and growth index were measured of the 6 Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong populations in Xiaolongshan region. By replacing the age structure with the tree diameter structure,a specific time life table was compiled,the survival and death curves were drawn,and the population dynamics was analyzed.【Result】The results showed that,the ratio of the number of population I,II and III of Lizi Baiyin,Guanyin Zhimiaogou and Dangchuan Lengshuiquan to the total population were 62.2%,92.6%,62.5%,and were young population. The structure was Pyramid type and belonged to the stable population. The large ditch population in Shaba Zhangjiadagou lacked of age Ⅷ and Ⅹ individuals,only 2 seedlings had been updated in recent years and the population was in recession. Age structure of the population in Dongcha Geqigou and Gaoqiao Shangbaxiaogou was not complete,was affected by human interference. The survival curve of population with small human influence was Deevey Ⅲ type. High mortality at age Ⅰ and age Ⅶ levels. The high mortality of age Ⅰ was due to the fierce competition among the individuals,and the high mortality of age Ⅶ was the strong disturbance of human being. The age of abnormal fluctuation in the death curve of the4 Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong population were affected by human interference. So the main cause of endangered population of Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong was long-term human interference in Xiaolongshan region.【Conclusion】The effective way to restore the 6 Acer miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong populations in Xiaolongshan region was to strengthen the protection,prevent human destruction and promote natural recovery for the three stable populations of Lizi baiyin,Guanyin Zhimiaogou and Dangchuan Lengshuiquan. Stop destroying,strengthen the protection and expand the population scale by regression introducing of the population disturbed seriously by human activities in Shaba Zhangjiagou,Dongcha Geqigou and Gaoqiao Shangbaxiaogou.
引文
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[12]李先琨,向悟生,唐润琴.濒危植物元宝山冷杉种群生命表分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(1):9-14.
[13]陈远征,马祥庆,冯丽贞,等.濒危植物沉水樟的种群生命表和谱分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):4267-4272.
[14]金则新.浙江天台山七子花种群结构与分布格局研究[J].生态学杂志,1997,16(4):15-19.
[15]李文良,张小平,郝朝运,等.湘鄂皖连香树种群的年龄结构和点格局分析[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3221-3230.
[16]刘光华,操国兴,张望,等.濒危植物连香树种群结构与动态研究[J].生物学杂志,2008,25(5),24-27.
[2]曹小勇,陈恺.濒危植物庙台槭生殖生物学研究1.花序和花的形态及发育[J].西北植物学报,1997(5):107-111.
[3]曹小勇,陈恺.庙台槭濒危原因的讨论[J].西北植物学报,1996,(5)12-15.
[4]李珊,王玛丽,赵桂仿.庙台槭总DNA提取及鉴定[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(2):232-236.
[5]王东,赵桦,杨培君.濒危植物庙台槭原产地再发现[J].汉中师范学院学报:自然科学版,1998(6):14.
[6]孟庆法,高红莉,李红喜,等.珍稀濒危树种庙台槭的生物学及生态学特性研究[J].河南科学,2016(11):1830-1834.
[7]李鸿杰,崔卫,吕志鹏.珍稀树种庙台槭的扦插繁殖及观赏特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(1):78-81.
[8]王明昌,岳志宗.陕西槭属一新变种[J].植物研究,1988(2):8.
[9]姚德生,任继文,陈西仓.庙台槭形态特征补遗[J].植物研究,2004,24(2):135-136.
[10]吴承祯,洪伟,谢金寿,等.珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉种群生命表分析[J].应用生态学报,2000(3):333-336.
[11]谢宗强,陈伟烈,路鹏,等.濒危植物银杉的种群统计与年龄结构[J].生态学报,19(4):523-528.
[12]李先琨,向悟生,唐润琴.濒危植物元宝山冷杉种群生命表分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2002,10(1):9-14.
[13]陈远征,马祥庆,冯丽贞,等.濒危植物沉水樟的种群生命表和谱分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):4267-4272.
[14]金则新.浙江天台山七子花种群结构与分布格局研究[J].生态学杂志,1997,16(4):15-19.
[15]李文良,张小平,郝朝运,等.湘鄂皖连香树种群的年龄结构和点格局分析[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3221-3230.
[16]刘光华,操国兴,张望,等.濒危植物连香树种群结构与动态研究[J].生物学杂志,2008,25(5),24-27.