基于爬坡换道的驾驶特性分析
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摘要
道路网中存在着许多坡道路段,在进行驾驶特性分析时,人们通常将注意力放在下坡路段而忽略了爬坡路段的安全性研究。同时,在爬坡过程中,对通行能力影响最大的是货车,针对这一现象,引入交通流元胞自动机模型,利用爬坡路段纵坡度对其进行改进,选择谨慎型与激进型两种驾驶员分析其换道行为的差异性,建立了一种基于爬坡换道的交通流元胞自动机模型,并分析纵坡度对货车行驶速度的影响以及两种驾驶员爬坡换道的特性。仿真结果表明:坡道纵坡度对货车的速度有显著影响,同时两类驾驶员根据道路状况选择主动换道,若主导换道的驾驶员占比较高,就能显著提高道路的通行能力。
There are many slope sections in the road network,but people always tend to focus on the research of the downhill section and ignore the safety of the climbing section during the analysis of driving characteristics. At the same time,in the climbing process,the truck has the greatest impact on the traffic capacity. In view of this phenomenon,the cellular automata model for traffic flow was introduced and improved by using longitudinal gradient of climbing section. Two types of drivers,cautious and radical,were selected to analyze the difference of their lane-changing behavior. A cellular automata model of traffic flow based on slope-climbing and lane-changing was established. The influence of longitudinal gradient on the speed of trucks and the characteristics of slope climbing and lane changing of the two types of drivers were also analyzed. The simulation results show that the longitudinal gradient of the slope has a significant effect on the speed of trucks. Meanwhile,the two types of drivers choose active lane change according to the road conditions. The road capacity will be improved significantly if the dominant lane change drivers account for a higher proportion.
There are many slope sections in the road network,but people always tend to focus on the research of the downhill section and ignore the safety of the climbing section during the analysis of driving characteristics. At the same time,in the climbing process,the truck has the greatest impact on the traffic capacity. In view of this phenomenon,the cellular automata model for traffic flow was introduced and improved by using longitudinal gradient of climbing section. Two types of drivers,cautious and radical,were selected to analyze the difference of their lane-changing behavior. A cellular automata model of traffic flow based on slope-climbing and lane-changing was established. The influence of longitudinal gradient on the speed of trucks and the characteristics of slope climbing and lane changing of the two types of drivers were also analyzed. The simulation results show that the longitudinal gradient of the slope has a significant effect on the speed of trucks. Meanwhile,the two types of drivers choose active lane change according to the road conditions. The road capacity will be improved significantly if the dominant lane change drivers account for a higher proportion.
引文
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[12]钱静.大型车对高速公路爬坡路段交通安全影响机理及改善对策研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.QIAN Jing.Study on the Impact Mechanism of Large Vehicle on Traffic Safety About Freeway Upgrade Section and Research of Improvement[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
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[17]梁玉娟,盘佳秀,薛郁.延迟概率和最大速度对交通流的影响[J].广西民族大学学报(自然科学版),2009,15(1):59-65.LIANG Yujuan,PAN Jiaxiu,XUE Yu.The influence of delay probability and maximum velocity on traffic flow[J].Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Natural Science Edition),2009,15(1):59-65.
[18]CAREY M,BALIJEPALLI C,WATLING D.Extending the cell transmission model to multiple lanes and lane-changing[J].Networks and Spatial Economics,2015,15(3):507-535.
[19]YAO C,ZHANG Y,YAO J.A new lane changing model with intervehicle communication[C]//IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation.IEEE,2016:425-430.
[20]PARK M,JANG K,LEE J,et al.Logistic regression model for discretionary lane changing under congested traffic[J].Transportmetrica a Transport Science,2015,11(4):333-344.
[21]CHOWDHURY D,WOLF D E,SCHRECKENBERG M.Particle hopping models for two lane traffic with two kinds of vehicles:Effects of lane-changing rules[J].Physica A,1997,235(4):417-439.
[22]叶品,钟诚文,李兵强.基于快慢车辆主动换道特性的双车道元胞自动机模型研究[J].交通与计算机,2007,25(1):86-89.YE Pin,ZHONG Chengwen,LI Binqiang.Study on the two-lane cellular automata model based on the active switching characteristics of fast and slow vehicles[J].Computer and Communications,2007,25(1):86-89.
[23]邱小平,于丹,孙若晓,等.考虑坡道的元胞自动机交通流模型研究[J].计算机应用研究,2016,33(9):2611-2614.QIU Xiaoping,YU Dan,SUN Ruoxiao,et al.Research on cellular automata model based on slope[J].Application Research of Computers,2016,33(9):2611-2614.
[24]FUKUI M,ISHIBASHI Y.Traffic flow in 1D cellular automaton model including cars moving with high speed[J].Journal of the Physical Society of Japan,1996,65(6):1868-1870.
[2]LUBA R,PORZYCKI J,WAS J,et al.Validation and verification of ca-based pedestrian dynamics models[J].Journal of Cellular Automata,2016,11(4):285-298.
[3]TAKAYASU M,TAKAYASU H.1/f noise in a traffic model[J].Fractalscomplex Geometry Patterns&Scaling in Nature&Society,1993,1(4):860-866.
[4]曲仕茹,贾光帅.考虑驾驶疲劳的一维元胞自动机交通流模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2012,12(5):46-51.QU Shiru,JIA Guangshuai.One-dimensional traffic cellular automaton model considering driver fatigue[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2012,12(5):46-51.
[5]NAGEL K,PACZUSKI M.Emergent traffic jams[J].Physical Review E,1995,51(4):2909.
[6]牟勇飚,钟诚文.基于安全驾驶的元胞自动机交通流模型[J].物理学报,2005,54(12):5597-5601.MOU Yongbiao,ZHONG Chengwen.Cellular automata traffic flow model based on safe driving[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2005,54(12):5597-5601.
[7]朱海明,马寿峰.弯路坡路上元胞自动机交通流仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(6):1393-1396.ZHU Haiming,MA Shoufeng.Cellular automata model of simulation on curves and slopes[J].Journal of System Simulation,2007,19(6):1393-1396.
[8]樊艳红.部分复杂路段的交通流建模及交通能耗与交通事故研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学,2013.FAN Yanhong.Traffic Flow Modeling and Traffic Energy Consumption and Traffic Accident on Part Complicated Roads[D].Guilin:Guangxi Normal University,2013.
[9]梁国华,马荣国,沈翔,等.高速公路爬坡车道设置的有效性[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(1):24-30.LIANG Guohua,MA Rongguo,SHEN Xiang,et al.Effectiveness of building climbing lane on expressway[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Natural Science Edition),2014,34(1):24-30.
[10]庄传仪.基于汽车动力性能的山区高速公路爬坡车道设计研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.ZHUANG Chuangyi.Study on Climbing Lane Design of Mountain Expressway Based on Vehicle Dynamic Performance[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2006.
[11]梁永东.基于元胞自动机的高速公路爬坡车道设置效果研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.LIANG Yongdong.Freeway Climbing Lane Set Effect Research Based on Cellular Automsts[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.
[12]钱静.大型车对高速公路爬坡路段交通安全影响机理及改善对策研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.QIAN Jing.Study on the Impact Mechanism of Large Vehicle on Traffic Safety About Freeway Upgrade Section and Research of Improvement[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[13]ZHENG Y,CHASE R T,ELEFTERIADOU L,et al.Driver types and their behaviors within a high level of pedestrian activity environment[J].Transportation Letters the International Journal of Transportation Research,2017,9(1):1-11.
[14]CARMONA J,GARCA F,MIGUEL MD,et al.Analysis of aggressive driver behaviour using data fusion[C]//International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems,2016:85-90.
[15]彭莉娟,康瑞.考虑驾驶员特性的一维元胞自动机交通流模型[J].物理学报,2009,58(2):830-834.PENG Lijuan,KANG Rui.One-dimensional cellular automata traffic flow model considering driver characteristics[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2009,58(2):830-834.
[16]杰拉尔.山区高速公路连续上坡路段通行能力与服务水平研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.JIE La'er.Study on Capacity and Service Level of Continuous Uphill Road in Mountain Expressway[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2007.
[17]梁玉娟,盘佳秀,薛郁.延迟概率和最大速度对交通流的影响[J].广西民族大学学报(自然科学版),2009,15(1):59-65.LIANG Yujuan,PAN Jiaxiu,XUE Yu.The influence of delay probability and maximum velocity on traffic flow[J].Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities(Natural Science Edition),2009,15(1):59-65.
[18]CAREY M,BALIJEPALLI C,WATLING D.Extending the cell transmission model to multiple lanes and lane-changing[J].Networks and Spatial Economics,2015,15(3):507-535.
[19]YAO C,ZHANG Y,YAO J.A new lane changing model with intervehicle communication[C]//IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation.IEEE,2016:425-430.
[20]PARK M,JANG K,LEE J,et al.Logistic regression model for discretionary lane changing under congested traffic[J].Transportmetrica a Transport Science,2015,11(4):333-344.
[21]CHOWDHURY D,WOLF D E,SCHRECKENBERG M.Particle hopping models for two lane traffic with two kinds of vehicles:Effects of lane-changing rules[J].Physica A,1997,235(4):417-439.
[22]叶品,钟诚文,李兵强.基于快慢车辆主动换道特性的双车道元胞自动机模型研究[J].交通与计算机,2007,25(1):86-89.YE Pin,ZHONG Chengwen,LI Binqiang.Study on the two-lane cellular automata model based on the active switching characteristics of fast and slow vehicles[J].Computer and Communications,2007,25(1):86-89.
[23]邱小平,于丹,孙若晓,等.考虑坡道的元胞自动机交通流模型研究[J].计算机应用研究,2016,33(9):2611-2614.QIU Xiaoping,YU Dan,SUN Ruoxiao,et al.Research on cellular automata model based on slope[J].Application Research of Computers,2016,33(9):2611-2614.
[24]FUKUI M,ISHIBASHI Y.Traffic flow in 1D cellular automaton model including cars moving with high speed[J].Journal of the Physical Society of Japan,1996,65(6):1868-1870.