视觉测量齿轮定位偏心对齿距测量精度的影响
|
摘要
为了提高中小模数直齿圆柱齿轮视觉测量仪齿距测量精度,分析了在视觉坐标系内齿轮基圆定位偏心对齿距测量误差的影响规律。通过理论分析和仿真计算得出基圆定位偏心导致齿廓初始相位角误差的正弦曲线模型,进而研究了基圆定位偏心对齿距测量误差的影响。根据视觉测量仪相对法测量齿距原理,推导出齿距测量误差增量公式,并在齿轮视觉测量仪上对实际齿轮进行了测量实验。实验结果表明,提出的基圆定位偏心所导致的齿距测量误差增量模型具有较高的计算精度,可以用于齿轮视觉测量仪器研发时的精度分析;当偏心量e≤40μm,定位误差Δψ_j≤1°时,可以满足5级精度齿轮的测量要求;对于齿数z≥45的齿轮,可以采用双齿距测量方法来提高视觉测量效率,能够满足5级精度齿轮的测量要求。
In order to improve the tooth pitch measurement accuracy of the visual measurement instrument for medium and small module straight-tooth cylindrical gear, the influence law of the gear base circle positioning eccentricity on the tooth pitch measurement error in the visual coordinate system was analyzed. Through theoretical analysis and simulation calculation, the sinusoidal curve model of tooth profile initial phase angle error caused by base circle positioning eccentricity was obtained. Furthermore, the influence law of base circle positioning eccentricity on tooth pitch measurement error was studied. Based on the tooth pitch measurement principle of the relative method of visual measurement instrument, the increment formula of tooth pitch measurement error was deduced, and the actual gear measurement experiment was carried out using gear visual measurement instrument. The experiment results show that for the increment model of the tooth pitch measurement error caused by base circle positioning eccentricity has high calculation accuracy, which can be used in the accuracy analysis during the research and development of gear visual measurement instrument. it is also found that when the eccentricity e≤40 μm and the positioning error Δψ_j>1°, the model can meet the measurement requirement of the gears with the accuracy of class-5; and when the number of gear teeth z≥45, the double tooth pitch measurement method can be adopted to improve the visual measurement efficiency, which can meet the requirement of the gears with the accuracy of class-5.
In order to improve the tooth pitch measurement accuracy of the visual measurement instrument for medium and small module straight-tooth cylindrical gear, the influence law of the gear base circle positioning eccentricity on the tooth pitch measurement error in the visual coordinate system was analyzed. Through theoretical analysis and simulation calculation, the sinusoidal curve model of tooth profile initial phase angle error caused by base circle positioning eccentricity was obtained. Furthermore, the influence law of base circle positioning eccentricity on tooth pitch measurement error was studied. Based on the tooth pitch measurement principle of the relative method of visual measurement instrument, the increment formula of tooth pitch measurement error was deduced, and the actual gear measurement experiment was carried out using gear visual measurement instrument. The experiment results show that for the increment model of the tooth pitch measurement error caused by base circle positioning eccentricity has high calculation accuracy, which can be used in the accuracy analysis during the research and development of gear visual measurement instrument. it is also found that when the eccentricity e≤40 μm and the positioning error Δψ_j>1°, the model can meet the measurement requirement of the gears with the accuracy of class-5; and when the number of gear teeth z≥45, the double tooth pitch measurement method can be adopted to improve the visual measurement efficiency, which can meet the requirement of the gears with the accuracy of class-5.
引文
[1] 裘祖荣,石照耀,李岩.机械制造领域测量技术的发展研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(14):1-11.QIU Z R,SHI ZH Y,LI Y.Research on the development of measurement technology mechanical manufacture [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(14):1-11.
[2] GOCH G. Gear metrology[J]. CIRP Annals,Manufacturing Technology,2003,52(2):659- 695.
[3] 凌四营,王立鼎,娄志峰,等. 超精密齿距偏差测量中测点位置的误差补偿[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(3):691- 696.LING S Y,WANG L D,LOU ZH F,et al. Error compensation of the measurement position in ultra precision gear pitch deviation measurement [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(3): 691- 696.
[4] 支珊,赵文珍,赵文辉,等.基于齿轮局部图像的齿距机器视觉测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(2): 225- 231.ZHI SH,ZHAO W ZH,ZHAO W H,et al.Visual measurement method of pitch machine based on gear local image [J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(2): 225- 231.
[5] 周亮,王振环,孙东辰,等.现代精密测量技术现状及发展[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(8):1869-1878.ZHOU L,WANG ZH H,SUN D CH,et al.Present situation and development of modern precision measurement technology[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(8):1869-1878.
[6] 朱维斌,刘明佩,叶树亮.基于邻域特性分析的小模数齿轮亚像素图像边缘检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(3):148-156.ZHU W B,LIU M P,YE SH L.Sub-pixel image edge detection based on neighborhood characteristic analysis for small modulus gear[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument.2018,39(3):148-156.
[7] 王宁,段振云,赵文辉,等.齿轮齿廓总偏差视觉测量方法研究[J].机械传动,2017,41(11):28-32.WANG N,DUAN ZH Y,ZHAO W H,et al. Research of the visual measurement method of gear tooth profile total deviation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2017,41(11):28-32.
[8] 段振云,王宁,赵文辉,等.基于点阵标定板的视觉测量系统的标定方法[J].光学学报,2016,36(5):151-159.DUAN ZH Y,WANG N,ZHAO W H,et al.Calibration method based on lattice calibration plate in vision measurement system[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2016,36(5):151-159.
[9] 张惠蓉,陈闽鄂,徐守品.齿轮在机测量中齿距误差分析[J].精密制造与自动化,2009(2):27- 28.ZHANG H R,CHEN M E,XU SH P.Error analysis of pitch in-process measurement of gear[J]. Precise Manufacturing & Automation,2009(2):27- 28.
[10] 杨燕鸽,王建华.齿轮安装偏心情况下齿距误差测量精度分析[J].工具技术,2008(2):70-72.YANG Y G,WANG J H.Measuring accuracy analysis of the pitch error when gear is installated eccentrically[J]. Tool Engineering,2008(2):70-72.
[11] 王宁,段振云,赵文辉,等.视觉检测中齿轮外轮廓分段方法研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2016(4):117-120.WANG N,DUAN ZH Y,ZHAO W H,et al.Researchon method of gear outer contour segmentation in vision measurement[J]. Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2016(4):117-120.
[12] 赵新中,陶永耀,贺佩,石敏.一种基于小波邻域的半软阈值去噪算法[J].国外电子测量技术,2016,35(4):42- 45.ZHAO X ZH,TAO Y Y,HE P,et al.Denoising algorithm of semi-soft threshold based on wavelet neighborhood[J].For-eign Electronic Measurement Technology,2016,35(4):42- 45.
[13] 段振云,王宁,赵文珍,等. 基于高斯积分曲面拟合的亚像素边缘定位算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(1):219- 225.DUAN ZH Y,WANG N,ZHAO W ZH,et al.Sub-pixel edge location algorithm based on Gauss integral curved surface fitting[J]. Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(1):219- 225.
[14] SCHNEIDER S C,RUPITSCH S J,ZAGAR B G. Signal processing for laser speckle strain-measurement techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2007,56(6):2681- 2687.
[15] 刘明佩,朱维斌,叶树亮.基于改进Zernike矩的小模数齿轮亚像素边缘检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(8):259- 267.LIU M P,ZHU W B,YE SH L.Sub-pixel edge detection based on improved Zernike moment in the small modulus gear image[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(8):259- 267.
[16] 王笑一,石照耀,林家春.基于全齿廓信息的齿距偏差快速测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(10): 2202- 2210.WANG X Y,SHI ZH Y,LIN J CH.Fast measurement method for pitch deviation based on full toothprofile information[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(10): 2202- 2210.
[2] GOCH G. Gear metrology[J]. CIRP Annals,Manufacturing Technology,2003,52(2):659- 695.
[3] 凌四营,王立鼎,娄志峰,等. 超精密齿距偏差测量中测点位置的误差补偿[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(3):691- 696.LING S Y,WANG L D,LOU ZH F,et al. Error compensation of the measurement position in ultra precision gear pitch deviation measurement [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(3): 691- 696.
[4] 支珊,赵文珍,赵文辉,等.基于齿轮局部图像的齿距机器视觉测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(2): 225- 231.ZHI SH,ZHAO W ZH,ZHAO W H,et al.Visual measurement method of pitch machine based on gear local image [J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(2): 225- 231.
[5] 周亮,王振环,孙东辰,等.现代精密测量技术现状及发展[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(8):1869-1878.ZHOU L,WANG ZH H,SUN D CH,et al.Present situation and development of modern precision measurement technology[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(8):1869-1878.
[6] 朱维斌,刘明佩,叶树亮.基于邻域特性分析的小模数齿轮亚像素图像边缘检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(3):148-156.ZHU W B,LIU M P,YE SH L.Sub-pixel image edge detection based on neighborhood characteristic analysis for small modulus gear[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument.2018,39(3):148-156.
[7] 王宁,段振云,赵文辉,等.齿轮齿廓总偏差视觉测量方法研究[J].机械传动,2017,41(11):28-32.WANG N,DUAN ZH Y,ZHAO W H,et al. Research of the visual measurement method of gear tooth profile total deviation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2017,41(11):28-32.
[8] 段振云,王宁,赵文辉,等.基于点阵标定板的视觉测量系统的标定方法[J].光学学报,2016,36(5):151-159.DUAN ZH Y,WANG N,ZHAO W H,et al.Calibration method based on lattice calibration plate in vision measurement system[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2016,36(5):151-159.
[9] 张惠蓉,陈闽鄂,徐守品.齿轮在机测量中齿距误差分析[J].精密制造与自动化,2009(2):27- 28.ZHANG H R,CHEN M E,XU SH P.Error analysis of pitch in-process measurement of gear[J]. Precise Manufacturing & Automation,2009(2):27- 28.
[10] 杨燕鸽,王建华.齿轮安装偏心情况下齿距误差测量精度分析[J].工具技术,2008(2):70-72.YANG Y G,WANG J H.Measuring accuracy analysis of the pitch error when gear is installated eccentrically[J]. Tool Engineering,2008(2):70-72.
[11] 王宁,段振云,赵文辉,等.视觉检测中齿轮外轮廓分段方法研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2016(4):117-120.WANG N,DUAN ZH Y,ZHAO W H,et al.Researchon method of gear outer contour segmentation in vision measurement[J]. Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2016(4):117-120.
[12] 赵新中,陶永耀,贺佩,石敏.一种基于小波邻域的半软阈值去噪算法[J].国外电子测量技术,2016,35(4):42- 45.ZHAO X ZH,TAO Y Y,HE P,et al.Denoising algorithm of semi-soft threshold based on wavelet neighborhood[J].For-eign Electronic Measurement Technology,2016,35(4):42- 45.
[13] 段振云,王宁,赵文珍,等. 基于高斯积分曲面拟合的亚像素边缘定位算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(1):219- 225.DUAN ZH Y,WANG N,ZHAO W ZH,et al.Sub-pixel edge location algorithm based on Gauss integral curved surface fitting[J]. Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(1):219- 225.
[14] SCHNEIDER S C,RUPITSCH S J,ZAGAR B G. Signal processing for laser speckle strain-measurement techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2007,56(6):2681- 2687.
[15] 刘明佩,朱维斌,叶树亮.基于改进Zernike矩的小模数齿轮亚像素边缘检测[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(8):259- 267.LIU M P,ZHU W B,YE SH L.Sub-pixel edge detection based on improved Zernike moment in the small modulus gear image[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(8):259- 267.
[16] 王笑一,石照耀,林家春.基于全齿廓信息的齿距偏差快速测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(10): 2202- 2210.WANG X Y,SHI ZH Y,LIN J CH.Fast measurement method for pitch deviation based on full toothprofile information[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(10): 2202- 2210.