介孔碳纳米球的制备及扑热息痛的电化学检测
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摘要
本文构建了一种基于介孔碳纳米球(MCNs)的电化学传感器用于对乙酰氨基酚(PA)的分析检测.酚醛树脂用作碳源,商业三嵌段聚合物Pluronic F127用作表面活性剂,采用有机-有机自组装软模板法,通过低浓度水热合成尺寸均匀的介孔碳纳米球.材料的形貌通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)等表征,采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察MCNs修饰的玻碳电极(MCNs/GCE)对PA的电化学催化性能,结果表明,该修饰电极对PA的电化学检测呈现线性范围宽(1～60μM和60～300μM),检测限低(0. 34μM)(S/N=3),灵敏度高(7. 15μAμM~(-1)cm~(-2)和1. 62μAμM~(-1)cm~(-2))的优点,将该修饰电极用于含扑热息痛的实际样品-对乙酰氨基酚缓释片的测定,得到了满意的结果,有望用于实际样品中PA的检测.
In this paper, a novel electrochemical sensor based on mesoporous carbon nanospheres(MCNs) was established to analyze paracetamol(PA). Uniform-sized mesoporous carbon nanospheres have been synthesized under new low-concentration hydrothermal method by using a commercial triblock polymer Pluronic F127 as a surfactant, a phenolic resin as a carbon source. The morphology and structure of MCNs are mainly characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD), etc. This work mainly describes the detection of paracetamol(PA) by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) based on MCNs modified glassy carbon electrode sensors. The experimental results show that the modified electrode has a wide linear range(1 ～ 60 M and 60 ～ 300 M), low detection limit(0. 34 M)(S/N = 3), and high sensitivity(7. 15 μA μM~(-1) cm~(-2) and 1. 62 μA μM~(-1) cm~(-2)) for electrochemical detection of PA. The modified electrode performed high availability for the PA determination in the commercial paracetamol tablets, so the electrochemical sensor can be used in real analysis.
In this paper, a novel electrochemical sensor based on mesoporous carbon nanospheres(MCNs) was established to analyze paracetamol(PA). Uniform-sized mesoporous carbon nanospheres have been synthesized under new low-concentration hydrothermal method by using a commercial triblock polymer Pluronic F127 as a surfactant, a phenolic resin as a carbon source. The morphology and structure of MCNs are mainly characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD), etc. This work mainly describes the detection of paracetamol(PA) by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) based on MCNs modified glassy carbon electrode sensors. The experimental results show that the modified electrode has a wide linear range(1 ～ 60 M and 60 ～ 300 M), low detection limit(0. 34 M)(S/N = 3), and high sensitivity(7. 15 μA μM~(-1) cm~(-2) and 1. 62 μA μM~(-1) cm~(-2)) for electrochemical detection of PA. The modified electrode performed high availability for the PA determination in the commercial paracetamol tablets, so the electrochemical sensor can be used in real analysis.
引文
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[7]Okai C,Orman E,Agyenim-Boateng A.Validation of Titrimetric-UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol,caffeine and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical dosage forms[J].British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,2016(12):1-14.
[8]Duan H M,Li L L,Wang X J,et al.CdTe quantum dots@luminol for trace-level chemiluminescence sensing of phenacetin based on biological recognition materials[J].New Journal of Chemistry,2016(40):458-463.
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[10]Jin W R,Li W,Xu Q.Quantitative determination of glutathione in single human erythrocytes by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J].Electrophoresis,2000(21):774-779.
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[12]Ibrahim F,EL-Enany N,EL-Shaheny R N,et al.Development and validation of a new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol,ascorbic acid,and pseudoephedrine HCl in their co-formulated tablets.application to in vitro dissolution Testing[J].Analytical Sciences September,2015(31):943-947.
[13]Singh A,Khan M.High Performance Thin layer chromatographic quantification domperidone and paracetamol in tablets forms domperidone,paractamol,silica gel HPTLC plate,HPTL[J].Oriental Journal of Chemistry,2014(30:)395-399.
[14]Li M R,Wang W,Chen Z,et al.Electrochemical determination of paracetamol based on Au@graphene core-shell nanoparticles doped conducting polymer PEDOT nanocomposite[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018(260):778-785.
[15]Qu F,Xue F F,Liu J,et al.Preparation of carbon nanodots capped by polyethylene glycol as a multifunctional sensor for temperature and paracetamol[J].Analytical Methods,2017(9):4533-4538.
[16]Ensafi A A,Karimi-Maleh H,Mallakpour S,et al.Simultaneous determination of N-acetylcysteine and acetaminophen by voltammetric method using N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2011(155):464-472.
[17]Duarte E H,Kubota L T,Tarley C R T.Carbon nanotube based sensor for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and ascorbic acid exploiting multiple response optimization and measures in the presence of surfactant[J].Electroanalysis,2012(24):2291-2301.
[18]Fan Y,Liu J H,Lu H T,et al.Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of paracetamol on Nafion/TiO2-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode[J].Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces,2011(85):289-292.
[19]Tavakolian E,Tashkhourian J.An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for acetaminophen determination[J].Analytical&Bioanalytical Electrochemistry,2016(8):219-233.
[20]Adhikari B R,Govindhan M,Chen A.Sensitive detection of acetaminophen with graphene-based electrochemical sensor[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015(162):198-204.
[21]Tsierkezos N G,Othman S H,Ritter U.Nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes for paracetamol sensing[J].Ionics,2013(19):1897-1905.
[22]Hartmann M.Ordered mesoporous materials for bioadsorption and biocatalysis[J].Chemistry of Materials,2005(17):4577-4593.
[23]Grfin M,Kurganov A A,Schacht S,et al.Comparison of an ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate,silica,alumina,titania and zirconia in normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Journal of Chromatography A,1996(740):1-9.
[24]Ernould B,Bertrand O,Minoia A,et al.Electroactive polymer/carbon nanotube hybrid materials for energy storage synthesized via a“grafting to”approach[J].RSC Advances,2017(7):17301-17310.
[25]Liu H J,Cui W J,Jin L H,et al.Preparation of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous carbon sphere arrays by a two-step templating route and their application for supercapacitors[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2009(19):3661-3667.
[26]Li C.Chiral synthesis on catalysts immobilized in microporous and mesoporous materials[J].Catalysis Reviews,2011(46):419-492.
[27]Ryoo R,Joo S H,Kruk M,et al.Ordered mesoporous carbons[J].Advanced Materials,2001(13):677-681.
[28]Jun S,Joo S H,Ryoo R,et al.Synthesis of new,nanoporous carbon with hexagonally ordered mesostructure[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000(122):10712-10713.
[29]Liu X,Stamm M.Fabrication of highly ordered polymeric nanodot and nanowire arrays templated by supramolecular assembly block copolymer nanoporous thin films[J].Nanoscale Research Lettlers,2009(4):459-464.
[30]Tanaka S,Nishiyama N,Egashira Y,et al.Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons with channel structure from an organicorganic nanocomposite[J].Chemical Communications,2005(16):2125-2127.
[31]Meng Y,Gu D,Zhang F Q,et al.Ordered mesoporous polymers and homologous carbon frameworks:amphiphilic surfactant templating and direct transformation[J].Angewandte Chemie,2005(43):7215-7221.
[32]Fang Y,Gu D,Zou Y,et al.A low-concentration hydrothermal synthesis of biocompatible ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres with tunable and uniform size[J].Angewandte Chemie,2010(49):7987-7991.
[33]Huang T Y,Kung C W,Wei H Y,et al.A high performance electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen based on a r GO-PEDOT nanotube composite modified electrode[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014(2):7229-7237.
[34]Su F B,Zhao X S,Wang Y,et al.Synthesis of graphitic ordered macroporous carbon with a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure for electrochemical applications[J].The Journal of physical chemistry B,2005(109):20200-20206.
[35]Wen X R,Zhang D S,Shi L Y,et al.Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon with a bimodal pore arrangement for capacitive deionization[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012(22):23835-23844.
[36]Narayana P V,Reddy T M,Gopal P,et al.Electrochemical sensing of paracetamol and its simultaneous resolution in the presence of dopamine and folic acid at a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(glycine)composite modified electrode[J].Anal.Methods,2014(6):9459-9468.
[37]Baccarin M,Santos F A,Vicentini F C,et al.Electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/carbon blackitosan composite for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and paracetamol concentrations in urine samples[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2017(799):436-443.
[38]Wong A,Santos A M,Fatibello-Filho O.Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and levofloxacin using a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon black,silver nanoparticles and PEDOT:PSS film[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018(255):2264-2273.
[39]Liu X Y,Shangguan E,Li J,et al.A novel electrochemical sensor based on FeS anchored reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetaminophen[J].Materials Science and Engineering C,2017(70):628-636.
[40]Kannan A,Sevvel R.A highly selective and simultaneous determination of paracetamol and dopamine using poly-4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine(Poly-AHMP)film modified glassy carbon electrode[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry2017(791):8-16.
[41]Bollo S,Finger S,Sturm J C,et al.Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy studies of the heterogeneous electron transfer reaction of some nitrosoaromatic compounds[J].Electrochimica Acta,2007(52):4892-4898.
[42]Alam A U,Qin Y,Howlader M M R,et al.Electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen using multi-walled carbon nanotube andβ-cyclodextrin[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018(254):896-909.
[43]Wei R,Biosynthesis of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles for sensitive electrochemical determination of paracetamol[J].International Journal of Electrochemical Science,2017(12):9131-9140.
[44]Fu L,Lai G,Yu A.Preparation ofβ-cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide:application for electrochemical determination of paracetamol[J].RSC Advances,2015(5):76973-76978.
[45]Manjunatha R,Nagaraju D H,Suresh G S,et al.Electrochemical detection of acetaminophen on the functionalized MWCNTs modified electrode using layer-by-layer technique[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011(56):6619-6627.
[2]Chen X L,Zhang G W,Shi L,et al.Au/ZnO hybrid nanocatalysts impregnated in N-doped graphene for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid,acetaminophen and dopamine[J].Materials Science and Engineering:C,2016(65):80-89.
[3]Li Y C,Feng S Q,Li S X,et al.A high effect polymer-free covalent layer by layer self-assemble carboxylated MWCNTs films modified GCE for the detection of paracetamol[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2014(190):999-1005.
[4]Kalimuthu P,John S A.Selective electrochemical determination of paracetamol using nanostructured film of functionalized thiadiazole modified electrode[J].Electroanalysis:An International Journal Devoted to Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Electroanalysis,2010(22):303-309.
[5]Teng Y,Fan L M,Dai Y L,et al.Electrochemical sensor for paracetamol recognition and detection based on catalytic and imprinted composite film[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2015(71):137-142.
[6]Itodo A U,Onyinye N V.Comparative chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods for quantitative estimation of paracetamol in analgesic tablet dosage forms[J].Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2017(5):98-103.
[7]Okai C,Orman E,Agyenim-Boateng A.Validation of Titrimetric-UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous quantification of paracetamol,caffeine and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical dosage forms[J].British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,2016(12):1-14.
[8]Duan H M,Li L L,Wang X J,et al.CdTe quantum dots@luminol for trace-level chemiluminescence sensing of phenacetin based on biological recognition materials[J].New Journal of Chemistry,2016(40):458-463.
[9]Cunha R R,Ribeiro M M A C,Mun~oz R A A,et al.Fast determination of codeine,orphenadrine,promethazine,scopolamine,tramadol,and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary electrophoresis[J].Journal of Separation Science,2017(40):1815-1823.
[10]Jin W R,Li W,Xu Q.Quantitative determination of glutathione in single human erythrocytes by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrochemical detection[J].Electrophoresis,2000(21):774-779.
[11]Llorent-Mart’inez E J,insk’y D S,Solich P,et al.Fluorimetric SIA optosensing in pharmaceutical analysis:determination of paracetamol[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2007(45):318-321.
[12]Ibrahim F,EL-Enany N,EL-Shaheny R N,et al.Development and validation of a new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol,ascorbic acid,and pseudoephedrine HCl in their co-formulated tablets.application to in vitro dissolution Testing[J].Analytical Sciences September,2015(31):943-947.
[13]Singh A,Khan M.High Performance Thin layer chromatographic quantification domperidone and paracetamol in tablets forms domperidone,paractamol,silica gel HPTLC plate,HPTL[J].Oriental Journal of Chemistry,2014(30:)395-399.
[14]Li M R,Wang W,Chen Z,et al.Electrochemical determination of paracetamol based on Au@graphene core-shell nanoparticles doped conducting polymer PEDOT nanocomposite[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018(260):778-785.
[15]Qu F,Xue F F,Liu J,et al.Preparation of carbon nanodots capped by polyethylene glycol as a multifunctional sensor for temperature and paracetamol[J].Analytical Methods,2017(9):4533-4538.
[16]Ensafi A A,Karimi-Maleh H,Mallakpour S,et al.Simultaneous determination of N-acetylcysteine and acetaminophen by voltammetric method using N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2011(155):464-472.
[17]Duarte E H,Kubota L T,Tarley C R T.Carbon nanotube based sensor for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and ascorbic acid exploiting multiple response optimization and measures in the presence of surfactant[J].Electroanalysis,2012(24):2291-2301.
[18]Fan Y,Liu J H,Lu H T,et al.Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of paracetamol on Nafion/TiO2-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode[J].Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces,2011(85):289-292.
[19]Tavakolian E,Tashkhourian J.An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for acetaminophen determination[J].Analytical&Bioanalytical Electrochemistry,2016(8):219-233.
[20]Adhikari B R,Govindhan M,Chen A.Sensitive detection of acetaminophen with graphene-based electrochemical sensor[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015(162):198-204.
[21]Tsierkezos N G,Othman S H,Ritter U.Nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes for paracetamol sensing[J].Ionics,2013(19):1897-1905.
[22]Hartmann M.Ordered mesoporous materials for bioadsorption and biocatalysis[J].Chemistry of Materials,2005(17):4577-4593.
[23]Grfin M,Kurganov A A,Schacht S,et al.Comparison of an ordered mesoporous aluminosilicate,silica,alumina,titania and zirconia in normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Journal of Chromatography A,1996(740):1-9.
[24]Ernould B,Bertrand O,Minoia A,et al.Electroactive polymer/carbon nanotube hybrid materials for energy storage synthesized via a“grafting to”approach[J].RSC Advances,2017(7):17301-17310.
[25]Liu H J,Cui W J,Jin L H,et al.Preparation of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous carbon sphere arrays by a two-step templating route and their application for supercapacitors[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2009(19):3661-3667.
[26]Li C.Chiral synthesis on catalysts immobilized in microporous and mesoporous materials[J].Catalysis Reviews,2011(46):419-492.
[27]Ryoo R,Joo S H,Kruk M,et al.Ordered mesoporous carbons[J].Advanced Materials,2001(13):677-681.
[28]Jun S,Joo S H,Ryoo R,et al.Synthesis of new,nanoporous carbon with hexagonally ordered mesostructure[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000(122):10712-10713.
[29]Liu X,Stamm M.Fabrication of highly ordered polymeric nanodot and nanowire arrays templated by supramolecular assembly block copolymer nanoporous thin films[J].Nanoscale Research Lettlers,2009(4):459-464.
[30]Tanaka S,Nishiyama N,Egashira Y,et al.Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons with channel structure from an organicorganic nanocomposite[J].Chemical Communications,2005(16):2125-2127.
[31]Meng Y,Gu D,Zhang F Q,et al.Ordered mesoporous polymers and homologous carbon frameworks:amphiphilic surfactant templating and direct transformation[J].Angewandte Chemie,2005(43):7215-7221.
[32]Fang Y,Gu D,Zou Y,et al.A low-concentration hydrothermal synthesis of biocompatible ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres with tunable and uniform size[J].Angewandte Chemie,2010(49):7987-7991.
[33]Huang T Y,Kung C W,Wei H Y,et al.A high performance electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen based on a r GO-PEDOT nanotube composite modified electrode[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014(2):7229-7237.
[34]Su F B,Zhao X S,Wang Y,et al.Synthesis of graphitic ordered macroporous carbon with a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure for electrochemical applications[J].The Journal of physical chemistry B,2005(109):20200-20206.
[35]Wen X R,Zhang D S,Shi L Y,et al.Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon with a bimodal pore arrangement for capacitive deionization[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012(22):23835-23844.
[36]Narayana P V,Reddy T M,Gopal P,et al.Electrochemical sensing of paracetamol and its simultaneous resolution in the presence of dopamine and folic acid at a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(glycine)composite modified electrode[J].Anal.Methods,2014(6):9459-9468.
[37]Baccarin M,Santos F A,Vicentini F C,et al.Electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/carbon blackitosan composite for the simultaneous determination of dopamine and paracetamol concentrations in urine samples[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,2017(799):436-443.
[38]Wong A,Santos A M,Fatibello-Filho O.Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and levofloxacin using a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon black,silver nanoparticles and PEDOT:PSS film[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018(255):2264-2273.
[39]Liu X Y,Shangguan E,Li J,et al.A novel electrochemical sensor based on FeS anchored reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for simultaneous determination of dopamine and acetaminophen[J].Materials Science and Engineering C,2017(70):628-636.
[40]Kannan A,Sevvel R.A highly selective and simultaneous determination of paracetamol and dopamine using poly-4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine(Poly-AHMP)film modified glassy carbon electrode[J].Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry2017(791):8-16.
[41]Bollo S,Finger S,Sturm J C,et al.Cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy studies of the heterogeneous electron transfer reaction of some nitrosoaromatic compounds[J].Electrochimica Acta,2007(52):4892-4898.
[42]Alam A U,Qin Y,Howlader M M R,et al.Electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen using multi-walled carbon nanotube andβ-cyclodextrin[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2018(254):896-909.
[43]Wei R,Biosynthesis of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles for sensitive electrochemical determination of paracetamol[J].International Journal of Electrochemical Science,2017(12):9131-9140.
[44]Fu L,Lai G,Yu A.Preparation ofβ-cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide:application for electrochemical determination of paracetamol[J].RSC Advances,2015(5):76973-76978.
[45]Manjunatha R,Nagaraju D H,Suresh G S,et al.Electrochemical detection of acetaminophen on the functionalized MWCNTs modified electrode using layer-by-layer technique[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011(56):6619-6627.