风力发电机防冻融冰综述
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摘要
风机覆冰可能引起风速测量与控制误差、降低风机出力、引发机械及电气故障,威胁风机的安全可靠运行。对风机叶片进行防冰和融冰可降低不利影响,但当前还没有成熟的商业化产品。叶片主动加热是防止覆冰影响的可靠方法,它常与被动疏水涂层一起使用以降低防冰电能消耗。在风场筹建的风资源评估阶段,应搜集覆冰相关信息以准确估计覆冰强度和覆冰持续时间,评价是否需要配置风机防冻除冰系统及可能的效益。在风资源评估阶段,结合双风速计和相对湿度的测量是一种经济可靠的覆冰检测方法;投入运行后推荐使用覆冰传感器和功率曲线的方法。
Windmill generator ice-coating may lead to errors in wind speed measurement and control,fan output reduction,mechanical and electrical failure which threatens the safe and reliable operation of the windmill. Anti-freezing and deicing strategies can be used to minimize these adverse effects,but currently there is no mature commercial product available. Active heating of blades is a reliable way used to prevent icing accretion,and is often used in combination with passive hydrophobic coatings to reduce the power consumption of anti-icing. During the wind resource assessment stage of wind farm preparation,information related to freezing and icing should be collected to accurately estimate the strength and duration of ice-coating,and evaluate the need of being equipped with a fan deicing system and its potential benefits. In the wind resource assessment stage,the combination of dual anemometer and relative humidity measurement is an economical and reliable method for ice detection,while after commissioning,icing sensor and power curve method are recommended.
Windmill generator ice-coating may lead to errors in wind speed measurement and control,fan output reduction,mechanical and electrical failure which threatens the safe and reliable operation of the windmill. Anti-freezing and deicing strategies can be used to minimize these adverse effects,but currently there is no mature commercial product available. Active heating of blades is a reliable way used to prevent icing accretion,and is often used in combination with passive hydrophobic coatings to reduce the power consumption of anti-icing. During the wind resource assessment stage of wind farm preparation,information related to freezing and icing should be collected to accurately estimate the strength and duration of ice-coating,and evaluate the need of being equipped with a fan deicing system and its potential benefits. In the wind resource assessment stage,the combination of dual anemometer and relative humidity measurement is an economical and reliable method for ice detection,while after commissioning,icing sensor and power curve method are recommended.
引文
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[4]杨世强,翁永春,李小来,等.特高压直流金具不均匀覆冰受损隐患分析与研究[J].湖北电力,2018,42(03):5-8,25.YANG Shiqiang,WENG Yongchun,LI Xiaolai,et al.Analysis and research on potential damage caused by uneven icing on UHV DC metalware[J].Hubei Electric Power,2018,42(03):5-8,25.
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[10]汪涛,周月华,朱昌成,等.输电线路覆冰舞动区域的气象地理模型研究[J].湖北电力,2017,41(11):5-9,47.WANG Tao,ZHOU Yuehua,ZHU Changcheng,et al.Research meteorological geography model of icing transmission line galloping region[J].Hubei Electric Power,2017,41(11):5-9,47.
[11]Matthew C.Homola,Per J Nicklasson,Per Arne Sundsb?.Ice sensors for wind turbines[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2006,46(2):125-131.
[12]郑永强.叶片通过频率振动的分析及治理[J].湖北电力,2017,41(03):35-38.ZHENG Yongqiang.Analysis and disposal with the blade passing frequency vibration[J].Hubei Electric Power,2017,41(03):35-38.
[13]Tallhaug L.Calculation of potential ice risk in norway[C].Finnish Meteorological Institute,2003.
[14]Lasse Makkonen,Timo Laakso,Mauri Marjaniemi,et al.Modeling and prevention of ice accretion on wind turbines[J].Wind Engineering,2001,25(1):3-21.
[15]Jasinski W J,Noe S C,Selig M S.et al.Wind turbine performance under icing conditions[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1998,120(1):60-65.
[16]Li Yan,Tagawa Kotaro,Feng Fang,et al.A wind tunnel experimental study of icing on wind turbine blade airfoil[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,85:591-595.
[17]David N Anderson,Allen D Reich.Tests of the performance of coatings for low ice adhesion[J].Aiaa Journa,2013.
[18]N Dalili,A Edrisy,R Carriveau.A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13(2):428-438.
[19]David Switchenko,Wagdi G Habashi,Guido Baruzzi,et al.Fensap-ice simulation of complex wind turbine icing events,and comparison to observed performance data[J].Manuel Angel Vázquez Medel,2014,32:973-993.
[2]李晓辉.2018年湖北电网输电线路设备冰冻灾害受损情况分析[J].湖北电力,2018,42(03):1-4.LI Xiaohui.Analysis on freezing-caused damage to transmission line equipment of Hubei power grid in 2018[J].Hubei Electric Power,2018,42(03),1-4.
[3]Tammelin B,Dobesch H,Durstewich M,et al.Wind turbines in icing environment:Improvement of tools for siting,certification and operation-new icetools[C].Finnish Meteorological Institute,2005.
[4]杨世强,翁永春,李小来,等.特高压直流金具不均匀覆冰受损隐患分析与研究[J].湖北电力,2018,42(03):5-8,25.YANG Shiqiang,WENG Yongchun,LI Xiaolai,et al.Analysis and research on potential damage caused by uneven icing on UHV DC metalware[J].Hubei Electric Power,2018,42(03):5-8,25.
[5]Jasinski W J,Noe S C,Selig M S,et al.Wind turbine performance under icing conditions[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions of the ASME,1998,120(1),60-65.
[6]黄俊杰,胡丹晖,王文烁,等.架空输电线路覆冰厚度预测技术研究[J].湖北电力,2016,40(12):1-4,24.HUANG Junjie,HU Danhui,WANG Wenshuo,et al.Research of icing thickness forecast of transmission lines[J].Hubei Electric Power,2016,40(12):1-4,24.
[7]Tammelin B,B?hringer A,Cavaliere M.et al.Wind energy production in cold climate(WECO).Final report 1 January 1996 to 31 December 1998[R].Office of Scientific and Technical Information Technical Reports,2000.
[8]Boluk Y.Adhesion of freezing precipitates to aircraft surfaces[J].Cold Weather,1996.
[9]匡志鸿,郑毅.随州:风力光伏发电领跑全省[J].湖北电力,2015,(11):23-25.KUANG Zhihong,ZHENG Yi.Suizhou:wind photovoltaic power takes the lead in the whole province[J].Hubei Electric Power,2015,(11):23-25.
[10]汪涛,周月华,朱昌成,等.输电线路覆冰舞动区域的气象地理模型研究[J].湖北电力,2017,41(11):5-9,47.WANG Tao,ZHOU Yuehua,ZHU Changcheng,et al.Research meteorological geography model of icing transmission line galloping region[J].Hubei Electric Power,2017,41(11):5-9,47.
[11]Matthew C.Homola,Per J Nicklasson,Per Arne Sundsb?.Ice sensors for wind turbines[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2006,46(2):125-131.
[12]郑永强.叶片通过频率振动的分析及治理[J].湖北电力,2017,41(03):35-38.ZHENG Yongqiang.Analysis and disposal with the blade passing frequency vibration[J].Hubei Electric Power,2017,41(03):35-38.
[13]Tallhaug L.Calculation of potential ice risk in norway[C].Finnish Meteorological Institute,2003.
[14]Lasse Makkonen,Timo Laakso,Mauri Marjaniemi,et al.Modeling and prevention of ice accretion on wind turbines[J].Wind Engineering,2001,25(1):3-21.
[15]Jasinski W J,Noe S C,Selig M S.et al.Wind turbine performance under icing conditions[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,1998,120(1):60-65.
[16]Li Yan,Tagawa Kotaro,Feng Fang,et al.A wind tunnel experimental study of icing on wind turbine blade airfoil[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2014,85:591-595.
[17]David N Anderson,Allen D Reich.Tests of the performance of coatings for low ice adhesion[J].Aiaa Journa,2013.
[18]N Dalili,A Edrisy,R Carriveau.A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13(2):428-438.
[19]David Switchenko,Wagdi G Habashi,Guido Baruzzi,et al.Fensap-ice simulation of complex wind turbine icing events,and comparison to observed performance data[J].Manuel Angel Vázquez Medel,2014,32:973-993.