德州市某燃煤电厂作业人员职业健康检查结果
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摘要
目的分析德州市某燃煤电厂存在的主要职业病危害因素及对作业人员的职业健康危害。方法选择该燃煤电厂562名作业人员为研究对象,结合工作场所职业病危害因素测定结果,对其职业健康检查结果进行分析。结果煤尘检测结果超标率为10.53%,噪声岗位8 h等效声级的M为84.7(74.9~90.4)dB(A),超标率为17.07%。受检人员异常检出率:血压22.42%、听力14.41%、心电图5.88%、胸片2.14%,其中1名疑似尘肺病,3名疑似噪声聋,5名噪声职业禁忌证。接噪人员听力异常检出率随年龄、工龄以及所接触噪声强度的增加而增加(P<0.05)。接触粉尘的浓度对胸片异常率的影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该燃煤电厂粉尘和噪声危害较重。应加强工作场所粉尘、噪声的控制工作,做好职业卫生知识培训和个体防护,定期进行职业健康检查,保障工人健康。
[Objective]To analyze the main occupational hazards in a coal-fired power plant of Dezhou City,study the health harm for workers. [Methods] A total of 562 workers in the coal-fired power plant were selected as the subjects. Their occupational health examination results were analyzed with the detection results of occupational hazards in workplace. [Results] The exceeding standard rate of coal dust was 10.53%,and the M for equivalent continuous sound level normalized to 8 hours was 84.7(74.9~90.4) d B(A),with the exceeding standard rate of 17.07%. The abnormal detection rate of blood pressure,hearing,electrocardiogram and chest radiograph was 22.42%,14.41%,5.88% and 2.14%,respectively. There were I case of suspected pneumoconiosis,3 cases of suspected noise deafness and 5 case of occupational noise-contraindication. The detection rate of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers increased with the increase of age,length of service and the intensity of exposure noise(P<0.05). The exposure concentration of dust had the statistically significant influence on the abnormal rate of chest radiography(P<0.05).[Conclusion] The occupational hazard factors of dust and noise are serious in the coal-fired power plants. It is necessary to strengthen dust and noise control in the workplaces,implement the occupational health knowledge training and individual protection,and carry out the regular occupational medical examination,to safeguard the workers' health.
[Objective]To analyze the main occupational hazards in a coal-fired power plant of Dezhou City,study the health harm for workers. [Methods] A total of 562 workers in the coal-fired power plant were selected as the subjects. Their occupational health examination results were analyzed with the detection results of occupational hazards in workplace. [Results] The exceeding standard rate of coal dust was 10.53%,and the M for equivalent continuous sound level normalized to 8 hours was 84.7(74.9~90.4) d B(A),with the exceeding standard rate of 17.07%. The abnormal detection rate of blood pressure,hearing,electrocardiogram and chest radiograph was 22.42%,14.41%,5.88% and 2.14%,respectively. There were I case of suspected pneumoconiosis,3 cases of suspected noise deafness and 5 case of occupational noise-contraindication. The detection rate of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers increased with the increase of age,length of service and the intensity of exposure noise(P<0.05). The exposure concentration of dust had the statistically significant influence on the abnormal rate of chest radiography(P<0.05).[Conclusion] The occupational hazard factors of dust and noise are serious in the coal-fired power plants. It is necessary to strengthen dust and noise control in the workplaces,implement the occupational health knowledge training and individual protection,and carry out the regular occupational medical examination,to safeguard the workers' health.
引文
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[15]郑卓灵,杨志群,吴中东,等.某大型纺织企业噪声作业工人听力异常情况分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(4):472-475.
[16]夏猛,李广益,李宁,等.某电厂燃煤发电机组职业病危害因素分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2015,28(4):294-296.
[17]李盛,王金玉,王宇红,等.兰州市企业噪声危害工人职业卫生知识知晓情况调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(2):136-137.
[18]肖淑玉,沈福海,金玉兰,等.唐山市部分噪声作业人员防护知识的调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2013,26(1):49-51.
[2]王树民,刘吉臻.燃煤电厂烟气污染物近零排放工程实践分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(22):6140-6147.
[3]ZARE S,NASSIRI P,MONAZZAM MR,et al.Evaluation of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions(DPOAEs)among workers at an Industrial Company exposed to different industrial noise levels in 2014[J].Electron Physician,2015,7(3):1126-1134.
[4]李秀婷,曹敬莲,钟丽,等.职业性噪声聋的发病危险因素研究进展[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(2):175-180.
[5]HALLDIN CN,WOLFE AL,LANEY AS.Comparative respiratory morbidity of former and current US coal miners[J].Am J Public Health,2015,105(12):2576-2577.
[6]姚春凤,金辉.某电厂职工健康检查资料的动态分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2011,37(5):269-271.
[7]汉锋,张思雨,吴宾,等.煤码头煤尘职业健康影响风险评估[J].卫生研究,2017,46(2):282-290.
[8]王爱珉,尚红光.2325例煤矿粉尘作业人员健康状况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,42(21):3860-3862.
[9]RASTRICK J,BIRRELL M.The role of the inflammasome in fibrotic respiratory diseases[J].Minerva Med,2014,105(1):9-23.
[10]JOSHI GN,KNECHT DA.Silica phagocytosis causes apoptosis and necrosis by different temporal and molecular pathways in alveolar macrophages[J].Apoptosis,2013,18(3):271-285.
[11]ORSELLO CA,MOORE JE,REESE C.Sensorineural hearing loss incidence among U.S.military aviators between 1997 and 2011[J].Aviat Space Environ Med,2013,84(9):975-979.
[12]巩泉泉,张兆波,窦丹丹,等.某燃煤电厂作业人员在岗期间职业健康检查结果[J].职业与健康,2016,32(17):2333-2336.
[13]徐宇虹,边阳甫,叶森德.某发电厂噪声作业工人职业性听力损伤情况分析[J].浙江预防医学,2012,24(6):50-51.
[14]陈瑞梅,植妙,李南春,等.清远市某宝石加工企业噪声职业病危害现况调查[J].中国职业医学,2013,40(6):598-599.
[15]郑卓灵,杨志群,吴中东,等.某大型纺织企业噪声作业工人听力异常情况分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(4):472-475.
[16]夏猛,李广益,李宁,等.某电厂燃煤发电机组职业病危害因素分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2015,28(4):294-296.
[17]李盛,王金玉,王宇红,等.兰州市企业噪声危害工人职业卫生知识知晓情况调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2014,27(2):136-137.
[18]肖淑玉,沈福海,金玉兰,等.唐山市部分噪声作业人员防护知识的调查[J].中国工业医学杂志,2013,26(1):49-51.