福州市某垃圾焚烧发电厂噪声及有害化学因素对作业工人职业健康的影响
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摘要
目的探讨福州市某垃圾焚烧发电厂存在的主要职业病危害因素及其对作业工人职业健康的影响。方法按GBZ 159-2004、GBZ/T 160和GBZ/T 189.8-2007相关规定对福州市某垃圾焚烧发电厂主要作业场所开展职业卫生检测,按GBZ 188-2014相关规定对接触职业病危害因素的作业工人开展职业健康检查。结果福州市某垃圾焚烧发电厂主要作业场所垃圾接收与贮存单元、卸料单元、垃圾焚烧单元、除灰渣单元、汽轮发电单元有害化学因素检测40点,检出存在硫化氢、氨、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、铅和汞,其浓度均低于国家职业接触限值,合格率100%,检测噪声21点,其强度范围为75.5~91.7 d B(A),其中低于国家职业接触限值16点,合格率76.2%。职业健康检查137人,检出噪声作业疑似职业病9人,其听力损伤与作业工人接噪工龄和接触噪声值密切相关。检出氨作业职业禁忌证1人,铅作业职业禁忌证1人,以及其他健康异常改变52人。结论福州市某垃圾焚烧发电厂作业场所存在的职业病危害因素种类多,作业工人职业健康应引起重视。
[Objective]To study on the main occupational hazards and their effects on occupational health of workers in a garbage incineration power plant in Fuzhou.[Methods] According to the relevant regulations of GBZ 159-2004,GBZ/T 160 and GBZ/T189.8-2007,the occupational hygiene detection was carried out at the main working place of a garbage incineration power plant in Fuzhou.The occupational health examination was carried out for workers exposed to occupational hazards according to GBZ 188-2014 regulations.[Results] Totally 40 points were detected for harmful chemical factors in the garbage incineration power plant,such as garbage receiving and storage unit,unloading unit,garbage incineration unit,ash removal unit and turbine power generating unit.The occupational hazards of hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,sulfur dioxide,carbon monoxide,lead and mercury were detected,with concentrations all lower than national exposure limits and qualified rate of 100%.Noise was detected on 21 points,with the intensity range of 75.5-91.7 d B(A),16 of them were lower than the national occupational exposure limits,with the qualified rate of 76.2%.Occupational health examination was conducted on 137,9 suspected cases related with noise operation were detected.Their hearing impairment was closely related to the noise exposure age and noise intensity.There was 1 case of lead occupational contradiction and 52 cases of other abnormal health changes.[Conclusion] There are many kinds of occupational hazards in a garbage incineration power plant in Fuzhou.The occupational health of workers should attract more attention.
[Objective]To study on the main occupational hazards and their effects on occupational health of workers in a garbage incineration power plant in Fuzhou.[Methods] According to the relevant regulations of GBZ 159-2004,GBZ/T 160 and GBZ/T189.8-2007,the occupational hygiene detection was carried out at the main working place of a garbage incineration power plant in Fuzhou.The occupational health examination was carried out for workers exposed to occupational hazards according to GBZ 188-2014 regulations.[Results] Totally 40 points were detected for harmful chemical factors in the garbage incineration power plant,such as garbage receiving and storage unit,unloading unit,garbage incineration unit,ash removal unit and turbine power generating unit.The occupational hazards of hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,sulfur dioxide,carbon monoxide,lead and mercury were detected,with concentrations all lower than national exposure limits and qualified rate of 100%.Noise was detected on 21 points,with the intensity range of 75.5-91.7 d B(A),16 of them were lower than the national occupational exposure limits,with the qualified rate of 76.2%.Occupational health examination was conducted on 137,9 suspected cases related with noise operation were detected.Their hearing impairment was closely related to the noise exposure age and noise intensity.There was 1 case of lead occupational contradiction and 52 cases of other abnormal health changes.[Conclusion] There are many kinds of occupational hazards in a garbage incineration power plant in Fuzhou.The occupational health of workers should attract more attention.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-4.
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[9]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:5-6.
[10]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范:GBZ 188-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:3-71.
[11]钱晓燕,刘凤芝.某生活垃圾发电厂建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].中国工业医学杂志,2012,25(4):305-307.
[12]周瑜.某垃圾发电厂职业病危害控制效果评价[J].中国工业医学杂志,2010,23(2):149-151.
[13]张华东,李小平,唐涛,等.垃圾发电厂建设项目职业病危害因素分布及控制效果评价[J].中国卫生工程学,2008,7(2):90-95.
[14]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害作业分级第2部分:化学物:GBZ/T 229.2-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:1-4.
[15]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害作业分级第4部分:噪声:GBZ/T 229.4-2012[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:1-3.
[16]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业性噪声聋的诊断:GBZ 49-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:1-2.
[17]吴京颖,许旭艳,江碧云.某鞋厂噪声作业对女工健康的影响[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2009,15(4):63-65.
[18]周瑜,倪春辉,吉俊敏.某垃圾发电厂职工职业卫生健康教育效果评价[J].江苏卫生保健,2009,11(3):45-47.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中硫化物的测定方法:GBZ/T160.33-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-10.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中无机含氮化合物的测定方法:GBZ/T 160.29-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:2-3.
[4]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气有毒物质测定无机含碳化合物:GBZ/T 160.28-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-2.
[5]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中铅及其化合物的测定方法:GBZ/T 160.10-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-2.
[6]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中汞及其化合物的测定方法:GBZ/T 160.14-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:1-2.
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所物理因素测量第8部分:噪声:GBZ/T 189.8-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:1-3.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:2-9.
[9]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素:GBZ 2.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:5-6.
[10]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范:GBZ 188-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:3-71.
[11]钱晓燕,刘凤芝.某生活垃圾发电厂建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].中国工业医学杂志,2012,25(4):305-307.
[12]周瑜.某垃圾发电厂职业病危害控制效果评价[J].中国工业医学杂志,2010,23(2):149-151.
[13]张华东,李小平,唐涛,等.垃圾发电厂建设项目职业病危害因素分布及控制效果评价[J].中国卫生工程学,2008,7(2):90-95.
[14]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害作业分级第2部分:化学物:GBZ/T 229.2-2010[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:1-4.
[15]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害作业分级第4部分:噪声:GBZ/T 229.4-2012[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:1-3.
[16]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业性噪声聋的诊断:GBZ 49-2014[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:1-2.
[17]吴京颖,许旭艳,江碧云.某鞋厂噪声作业对女工健康的影响[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2009,15(4):63-65.
[18]周瑜,倪春辉,吉俊敏.某垃圾发电厂职工职业卫生健康教育效果评价[J].江苏卫生保健,2009,11(3):45-47.