不确定条件下计及线路保护动作特性的电压暂降频次评估
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摘要
线路保护的动作时限将直接影响电压暂降的重要指标之一——持续时间。针对线路发生故障的情况,对不同动作时限特性的线路保护装置对电压暂降幅值与持续时间的影响展开了研究。计算线路单端跳闸而故障未消除时的多级电压暂降幅值,并根据线路保护的动作特性和故障位置确定电压暂降幅值区间以及不同线路、相同电压暂降区间内的电压暂降持续时间。基于蒙特卡罗模拟法研究不确定条件下的故障信息概率模型,结合保护动作特性对电压暂降幅值及持续时间的影响提出了不确定条件下的计及线路保护动作特性的电压暂降频次评估计算模型,同时考虑故障信息随机性及线路上不同保护类型动作特性对目标节点进行分析,给出包含电压暂降持续时间信息的年均预期电压暂降频次。标准IEEE 14节点系统的仿真结果证明了所提计算方法的正确性和有效性。
The action time of line protection directly affects one of the important indexes of voltage sag: duration time.Aiming at the condition of line faults,the effects of different action time characteristics of line protection devices on the voltage sag amplitude and duration time is studied. The multi-level voltage sag amplitudes are calculated when the protection device at single-terminal transmission line is tripped while the fault is not eliminated. The interval of voltage sag amplitude and voltage sag duration time of different lines in the same voltage sag interval are determined according to the action characteristics of line protection and fault location. The statistical model of fault information in uncertain conditions is established based on Monte Carlo simulation method and the calculation method of voltage sag frequency assessment considering action characteristics of line protection in uncertain conditions is proposed,considering the effects of action time characteristics of protection on voltage sag amplitude and duration time. The objective node is analyzed and the average annual expected voltage sag frequency including the information of voltage sag duration time is calculated,considering the randomness of fault information and action characteristics of different types of line protection. Simulative results of standard IEEE 14-bus system verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed calculation method.
The action time of line protection directly affects one of the important indexes of voltage sag: duration time.Aiming at the condition of line faults,the effects of different action time characteristics of line protection devices on the voltage sag amplitude and duration time is studied. The multi-level voltage sag amplitudes are calculated when the protection device at single-terminal transmission line is tripped while the fault is not eliminated. The interval of voltage sag amplitude and voltage sag duration time of different lines in the same voltage sag interval are determined according to the action characteristics of line protection and fault location. The statistical model of fault information in uncertain conditions is established based on Monte Carlo simulation method and the calculation method of voltage sag frequency assessment considering action characteristics of line protection in uncertain conditions is proposed,considering the effects of action time characteristics of protection on voltage sag amplitude and duration time. The objective node is analyzed and the average annual expected voltage sag frequency including the information of voltage sag duration time is calculated,considering the randomness of fault information and action characteristics of different types of line protection. Simulative results of standard IEEE 14-bus system verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed calculation method.
引文
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[12]MILANOVIJ V,GNATIV R,CHOW K W M.The influence of loading conditions and network topology on voltage sags[C]∥Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power.Orlando,FL,USA:IEEE,2000:757-762.
[13]杨晓东,李庚银,周明.计及负荷特性的电压暂降随机预估[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(15):84-88.YANG Xiaodong,LI Gengyin,ZHOU Ming.Stochastic estimation method of voltage sags considering load characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(15):84-88.
[14]张国华,杨京燕,张建华,等.计及电压暂降和保护性能的配电网可靠性算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(1):28-34.ZHANG Guohua,YANG Jingyan,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Arithmetic of distribution network reliability calculation in consideration of voltage sags and protective relays[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(1):28-34.
[15]李丹丹,肖先勇,刘阳,等.利用过程免疫时间优化保护的电压暂降缓减方案[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):95-100.LI Dandan,XIAO Xianyong,LIU Yang,et al.Voltage sag mitigation scheme using protection optimization with process immunity time[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(9):95-100.
[16]肖先勇,王希宝,薛丽丽,等.敏感负荷电压凹陷敏感度的随机估计方法[J].电网技术,2007,31(22):30-33.XIAO Xianyong,WANG Xibao,XUE Lili,et al.A method to stochastically estimate voltage sag sensitivity of sensitive equipments[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(22):30-33.
[17]陈礼频,肖先勇,张志,等.考虑保护时限特性的电压暂降频次评估[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(2):113-119.CHEN Lipin,XIAO Xianyong,ZHANG Zhi,et al.Voltage sags frequency assessment considering the time characteristic of protection system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(2):113-119.
[18]兰剑,王东旭,叶曦,等.故障线路单端跳闸条件下节点电压暂降幅值计算方法[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(8):78-82.LAN Jian,WANG Dongxu,YE Xi,et al.Calculation of voltage sag amplitude for single-terminal trip of faulty line[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(8):78-82.
[19]IEEE.IEEE 14-bus test case[EB/OL].[2016-10-20].http:∥www.ee.washington.edu/resea-rch/pstca/pf14/pg_tca14bus.htm.
[2]杨京燕,倪伟,肖湘宁,等.计及电压暂降的配网可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18):28-33.YANG Jingyan,NI Wei,XIAO Xiangning,et al.Reliability evaluation of distribution network considering voltage sags[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(18):28-33.
[3]MILANOVIE J V,AUNG M T,CUPTA C P.The influence of fault distribution on stochastic prediction of voltage sags[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(1):278-285.
[4]雷刚,顾伟,袁晓冬,等.考虑系统与敏感负荷兼容性的电压暂降指标[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(12):132-138.LEI Gang,GU Wei,YUAN Xiaodong,et al.A voltage sag index considering compatibility between system and sensitive equipment[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(12):132-138.
[5]COSTA F B,DRIESEN J.Assessment of voltage sag indices based on scaling and wavelet coefficient energy analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,28(1):336-346.
[6]王东旭,乐健,刘开培,等.基于虚拟节点的复杂电网电压跌落随机评估方法[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(8):190-197.WANG Dongxu,LE jian,LIU Kaipei,et al.Stochastic assessment method of voltage dip in complex power grid based on virtual bus[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(8):190-197.
[7]王东旭,乐健,刘开培,等.复杂电网多重故障条件下的电压暂降分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(7):101-106.WANG Dongxu,LE Jian,LIU Kaipei,et al.Voltage dip analysis for multiple faults case in complex power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(7):101-106.
[8]代双寅,韩民晓,严稳莉.含分布式电源的配电网电压暂降评估[J].电网技术,2011,35(7):145-149.DAI Shuangyin,HAN Minxiao,YAN Wenli.Voltage sag assessment for distribution network containing distributed generation[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(7):145-149.
[9]肖先勇,马超,李勇.线路故障引起电压暂降的频次最大熵评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(1):87-93.XIAO Xianyong,MA Chao,LI Yong.Voltage sags occurrence frequency assessment caused by line faults using the maximum entropy method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(1):87-93.
[10]肖湘宁,陶顺.中性点不同接地方式下的电压暂降类型及其在变压器间的传递(一)[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(9):143-147.XIAO Xiangning,TAO Shun.Voltage sags types under different grounding modes of neutral and their propagation:part I[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(9):143-147.
[11]PARK C H,JANG G,THOMAS R J.The influence of generator scheduling and time-varying fault rates on voltage sag prediction[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(2):1243-1250.
[12]MILANOVIJ V,GNATIV R,CHOW K W M.The influence of loading conditions and network topology on voltage sags[C]∥Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power.Orlando,FL,USA:IEEE,2000:757-762.
[13]杨晓东,李庚银,周明.计及负荷特性的电压暂降随机预估[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(15):84-88.YANG Xiaodong,LI Gengyin,ZHOU Ming.Stochastic estimation method of voltage sags considering load characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(15):84-88.
[14]张国华,杨京燕,张建华,等.计及电压暂降和保护性能的配电网可靠性算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(1):28-34.ZHANG Guohua,YANG Jingyan,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Arithmetic of distribution network reliability calculation in consideration of voltage sags and protective relays[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(1):28-34.
[15]李丹丹,肖先勇,刘阳,等.利用过程免疫时间优化保护的电压暂降缓减方案[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):95-100.LI Dandan,XIAO Xianyong,LIU Yang,et al.Voltage sag mitigation scheme using protection optimization with process immunity time[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(9):95-100.
[16]肖先勇,王希宝,薛丽丽,等.敏感负荷电压凹陷敏感度的随机估计方法[J].电网技术,2007,31(22):30-33.XIAO Xianyong,WANG Xibao,XUE Lili,et al.A method to stochastically estimate voltage sag sensitivity of sensitive equipments[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(22):30-33.
[17]陈礼频,肖先勇,张志,等.考虑保护时限特性的电压暂降频次评估[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(2):113-119.CHEN Lipin,XIAO Xianyong,ZHANG Zhi,et al.Voltage sags frequency assessment considering the time characteristic of protection system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(2):113-119.
[18]兰剑,王东旭,叶曦,等.故障线路单端跳闸条件下节点电压暂降幅值计算方法[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(8):78-82.LAN Jian,WANG Dongxu,YE Xi,et al.Calculation of voltage sag amplitude for single-terminal trip of faulty line[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(8):78-82.
[19]IEEE.IEEE 14-bus test case[EB/OL].[2016-10-20].http:∥www.ee.washington.edu/resea-rch/pstca/pf14/pg_tca14bus.htm.