一种高空核电磁脉冲磁场测量技术
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摘要
针对高空核电磁脉冲(high altitude electromagnetic pulse, HEMP)试验研究,分析了电小环天线测量原理和频率特性,建立了传感器数值模型,研究了其脉冲接收特性,设计了一种B-dot传感器,研制了一套脉冲磁场测量系统.结果表明:当环面半径小于20 mm,传感器的上限截止频率达到720 MHz以上,标定结果显示测量系统整机的上升时间小于1 ns.应用该系统测试HEMP模拟器的电磁脉冲环境,并与电场测量结果进行了比对和验证,结果与理论相符,该系统具备HEMP模拟器产生的快前沿脉冲磁场的测量能力,同时可推广应用于其他强脉冲磁场测量.
For the high altitude electromagnetic pulse testing research purpose, the measuring principle and frequency characteristic of electrically small loops are analyzed in this paper. A numerical model of electrically small loop is founded, and the pulse receiving characteristics are obtained by simulation. Then, the B-dot sensor is designed, and a pulsed magnetic field measuring system is constructed. The results show that the sensor's upper cut-off frequency exceeds 720 MHz when the ring radius is less than 20 mm, and the system calibrated risetime is less than 1 ns. The measuring system is used to measure the magnetic field generated by a HEMP simulator. It shows that the system can measure pulsed magnetic field with fast risetime, and it can also be applied to measure other pulsed magnetic field with high magnitude.
For the high altitude electromagnetic pulse testing research purpose, the measuring principle and frequency characteristic of electrically small loops are analyzed in this paper. A numerical model of electrically small loop is founded, and the pulse receiving characteristics are obtained by simulation. Then, the B-dot sensor is designed, and a pulsed magnetic field measuring system is constructed. The results show that the sensor's upper cut-off frequency exceeds 720 MHz when the ring radius is less than 20 mm, and the system calibrated risetime is less than 1 ns. The measuring system is used to measure the magnetic field generated by a HEMP simulator. It shows that the system can measure pulsed magnetic field with fast risetime, and it can also be applied to measure other pulsed magnetic field with high magnitude.
引文
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[2] 谢彦召,王赞基,王群书,等.高空核爆电磁脉冲波形标准及特性分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2003,15(8):781-787.XIE Y Z,WANG Z J,WANG Q S,et al.High altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse waveform standard:a review[J].High power laser & particle beams,2003,15(8):781-787.(in Chinese)
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[10] 周璧华,马洪亮,李皖,等.雷电电磁脉冲三维磁场测量系统研究[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(1):39-44.ZHOU B H,MA H L,LI W,et al.Preliminary study on LEMP three dimensional magnetic field measurement system[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2013,28(1):39-44.(in Chinese)
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[13] 谢海燕,王建国,范如玉,等.外场激励下腔内屏蔽电缆响应的方法研究[J].强激光与离子束,2009,21(4):569-573.XIE H Y,WANG J G,FAN R Y,et al.A mixed method for responses of cables within a cavity excited by external electromagnetic field[J].High power laser and particle beams,2009,21(4):569-573.(in Chinese)
[14] 石立华,司荣仁,李炎新,等.微型化光纤传输电磁脉冲传感器研究[J].电波科学学报,2012,27(6):1152-1171.SHI L H,SI R R,LI Y X,et al.Small size fiber-optic electric field sensor for EMP measurement[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2012,27(6):1152-1171.(in Chinese)
[15] 聂鑫.基于阻抗加载天线的瞬态电场测量技术研究[D].西安:西北核技术研究所,2007:19-22.NIE X.Study on transient electric-field sensor with resistively loaded antennas[D].Xi’an:Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,2007:19-22.(in Chinese)
[16] 谢彦召,刘顺坤.电磁脉冲传感器的时域和频域标定方法及其等效性[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004,24(4):395-399.XIE Y Z,LIU S K.Methodology of time-domain & frequency-domain calibration and equivalence for EMP sensor[J].Nuclear electronics & detection technology,2004,24(4):395-399.(in Chinese)
[17] 曾嵘,沈晓丽,陈未远.横电磁波小室校准系统产生标准电场的不确定度评定[J].高电压技术,2012,38(11):2781-2788.ZENG R,SHEN X L,CHEN W Y.Uncertainty evaluation of the reference electric field generated by the transverse electromagnetic cell calibration system[J].High voltage engineering,2012,38(11):2781-2788.(in Chinese)
[18] 朱长青,刘尚合,魏明.强电磁脉冲的有效带宽、测量带宽及来自上升时间的影响[J].强激光与离子束,2005,17(1):99-103.ZHU C Q,LIU S H,WEI M.High-EMP effective bandwidth,measurement bandwidth and effect from rising time[J].High power laser and particle beams,2005,17(1):99-103.(in Chinese)
[19] 姚北国,余岚.脉冲上升时间与传输系统带宽关系的仿真分析[J].火控雷达技术,2010,39(1):49-52.YAO B G,YU L.Simulation and analysis of relation between pulse rise time and bandwidth of transmission system[J].Fire control radar technology,2010,39(1):49-52.(in Chinese)
[20] 邱爱慈.脉冲功率技术应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2016:281-283.
[2] 谢彦召,王赞基,王群书,等.高空核爆电磁脉冲波形标准及特性分析[J].强激光与粒子束,2003,15(8):781-787.XIE Y Z,WANG Z J,WANG Q S,et al.High altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse waveform standard:a review[J].High power laser & particle beams,2003,15(8):781-787.(in Chinese)
[3] MOTOHISA K.Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,1993,41:1349-1364.
[4] MOTOHISA K.An electromagnetic near-field sensor for simultaneous electric and magnetic-field measurements[J].IEEE transactions on EMC,1984,26:102-110.
[5] BAUM C E,BREEN E L,GILES J C,et al.Sensors for electro-magnetic pulse measurements both inside and away from nuclear source regions[J].IEEE transactions on EMC,1978,20(1):20-40.
[6] 陈炜峰,陆静霞,蒋全兴.电磁脉冲模拟器技术回顾[J].高压电器,2003,44(2):149-152.CHEN W F,LU J X,JIANG Q X.Review of electromagnetic pulse simulator technology[J].High voltage apparatus,2003,44(2):149-152.(in Chinese)
[7] CHEN R B,DUAN Z M,LI Z B,et al.Measurement method of magnetic field spatial distribution based on plane measuring ring[C]//Proceedings of 13th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI),2017:166-170.
[8] XU X H,GAO C,ZHANG X T,et al.Pulsed magnetic field measurement system using GMR[C]//Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics,2012:407-411.
[9] 叶子沐,张来,董国波,等.基于法拉第磁光效应测量空间磁场[J].大学物理,2018,37(4):68-74.YE Z M,ZHANG L,DONG G B,et al.The measurement of the space magnetic field based on the Faraday magneto-optical effect[J].College physics,2018,37(4):68-74.(in Chinese)
[10] 周璧华,马洪亮,李皖,等.雷电电磁脉冲三维磁场测量系统研究[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(1):39-44.ZHOU B H,MA H L,LI W,et al.Preliminary study on LEMP three dimensional magnetic field measurement system[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2013,28(1):39-44.(in Chinese)
[11] DRAUS J D,MARHEFKA R J.Antennas:for all applications third edition[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2004:45.
[12] 周璧华,陈彬,石立华.电磁脉冲及其工程防护[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003:208-237.
[13] 谢海燕,王建国,范如玉,等.外场激励下腔内屏蔽电缆响应的方法研究[J].强激光与离子束,2009,21(4):569-573.XIE H Y,WANG J G,FAN R Y,et al.A mixed method for responses of cables within a cavity excited by external electromagnetic field[J].High power laser and particle beams,2009,21(4):569-573.(in Chinese)
[14] 石立华,司荣仁,李炎新,等.微型化光纤传输电磁脉冲传感器研究[J].电波科学学报,2012,27(6):1152-1171.SHI L H,SI R R,LI Y X,et al.Small size fiber-optic electric field sensor for EMP measurement[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2012,27(6):1152-1171.(in Chinese)
[15] 聂鑫.基于阻抗加载天线的瞬态电场测量技术研究[D].西安:西北核技术研究所,2007:19-22.NIE X.Study on transient electric-field sensor with resistively loaded antennas[D].Xi’an:Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,2007:19-22.(in Chinese)
[16] 谢彦召,刘顺坤.电磁脉冲传感器的时域和频域标定方法及其等效性[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004,24(4):395-399.XIE Y Z,LIU S K.Methodology of time-domain & frequency-domain calibration and equivalence for EMP sensor[J].Nuclear electronics & detection technology,2004,24(4):395-399.(in Chinese)
[17] 曾嵘,沈晓丽,陈未远.横电磁波小室校准系统产生标准电场的不确定度评定[J].高电压技术,2012,38(11):2781-2788.ZENG R,SHEN X L,CHEN W Y.Uncertainty evaluation of the reference electric field generated by the transverse electromagnetic cell calibration system[J].High voltage engineering,2012,38(11):2781-2788.(in Chinese)
[18] 朱长青,刘尚合,魏明.强电磁脉冲的有效带宽、测量带宽及来自上升时间的影响[J].强激光与离子束,2005,17(1):99-103.ZHU C Q,LIU S H,WEI M.High-EMP effective bandwidth,measurement bandwidth and effect from rising time[J].High power laser and particle beams,2005,17(1):99-103.(in Chinese)
[19] 姚北国,余岚.脉冲上升时间与传输系统带宽关系的仿真分析[J].火控雷达技术,2010,39(1):49-52.YAO B G,YU L.Simulation and analysis of relation between pulse rise time and bandwidth of transmission system[J].Fire control radar technology,2010,39(1):49-52.(in Chinese)
[20] 邱爱慈.脉冲功率技术应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2016:281-283.