Recycling of waste foundry sands by chemical washing method
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摘要
This study aims to remove the metals(inorganic and heavy metals) in waste foundry sand(WFS)via chemical washing method. Washed waste foundry sand(WWFS) samples were obtained by using triptych washing successively with 5 M HCl, 5 M H_2SO_4 and 5 M NaOH solutions. Analysis on functional groups,micropores, heavy metals,and inorganic components of WFS and WWFS was carried out by using FT-IR, SEM and XRF. Results show that the concentration values of some inorganic components such as Ca, Fe, Mg, S were decreased, and the maximum removal percentage of these inorganic components are 47%, 19%, 32%, and 8%,respectively. The concentration values for each of the heavy metals of WWFS are below of limit values given in App-3 List of Regulation on General Principles of Waste Management. The removal percentages of Pb, As and Zn elements are 100%, 71%, and 40%, respectively. The findings of this research suggest that WWFS can be used in more applications due to its ability to remove heavy metals and some other inorganic components.
This study aims to remove the metals(inorganic and heavy metals) in waste foundry sand(WFS)via chemical washing method. Washed waste foundry sand(WWFS) samples were obtained by using triptych washing successively with 5 M HCl, 5 M H_2SO_4 and 5 M NaOH solutions. Analysis on functional groups,micropores, heavy metals,and inorganic components of WFS and WWFS was carried out by using FT-IR, SEM and XRF. Results show that the concentration values of some inorganic components such as Ca, Fe, Mg, S were decreased, and the maximum removal percentage of these inorganic components are 47%, 19%, 32%, and 8%,respectively. The concentration values for each of the heavy metals of WWFS are below of limit values given in App-3 List of Regulation on General Principles of Waste Management. The removal percentages of Pb, As and Zn elements are 100%, 71%, and 40%, respectively. The findings of this research suggest that WWFS can be used in more applications due to its ability to remove heavy metals and some other inorganic components.
This study aims to remove the metals(inorganic and heavy metals) in waste foundry sand(WFS)via chemical washing method. Washed waste foundry sand(WWFS) samples were obtained by using triptych washing successively with 5 M HCl, 5 M H_2SO_4 and 5 M NaOH solutions. Analysis on functional groups,micropores, heavy metals,and inorganic components of WFS and WWFS was carried out by using FT-IR, SEM and XRF. Results show that the concentration values of some inorganic components such as Ca, Fe, Mg, S were decreased, and the maximum removal percentage of these inorganic components are 47%, 19%, 32%, and 8%,respectively. The concentration values for each of the heavy metals of WWFS are below of limit values given in App-3 List of Regulation on General Principles of Waste Management. The removal percentages of Pb, As and Zn elements are 100%, 71%, and 40%, respectively. The findings of this research suggest that WWFS can be used in more applications due to its ability to remove heavy metals and some other inorganic components.
引文
[1] Oliveira P E F, Oliveira L D, Ardisson J D, et al. Potential of modified iron-rich foundry waste for environmental applications:Fenton reaction and Cr(VI) reduction. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 194, 393-398.
[2] Siddique R, Kaur G, Rajor A. Waste foundry sand and its leachate characteristics .Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2010, 54, 1027-1036.
[3] Sawai H, Rahman I M M, Fujita M, et al. Decontamination of Metal-Contaminated Waste Foundry Sands Using an EDTANaOH-NH3 Washing Solution. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.078.
[4] Regulation on General Principles of Waste Management,RGPWM, (05.07.2008, R.G. : 26927), ?OB, Ankara,Turkey, 2008 , http://www. resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150402-2.htm.
[5] Navarro-Blasco í, Fernández J M, Duran A, et al. A novel use of calcium aluminate cements for recycling waste foundry sand(WFS). Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 48, 218-228.
[6] Siddique R, Singh G. Utilization of waste foundry sand (WFS)in concrete manufacturing. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55: 885-892.
[7] Rabbii A. Sodium Silicate Glass as an Inorganic Binder in Foundry Industry. Iranian Polymer Journal, 2001, 14: 231.
[8] Burgo J A. The Manufacture of Pig Iron in the Blast Furnace.The AISE Steel Foundation, Vol: Ironmaking, 1999, Chapter 10.
[9] Balbay S, Acikgoz C. Removal of Pollutants from Waste Foundry Sand by Chemical Washing Method. International Conference on Agricultural, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ACEE-16), Istanbul, Turkey, 2016: 88-91.
[10] Kouassi SS, Tognonvi M T, Soro J, et al. Consolidation mechanism of materials obtained from sodium silicate solution and silica-based aggregates. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2011, 357: 3013-3022.
[11] Gozogul R, Putun E, Tolay M, et al. Enrichment of Seyitomer Bituminous Schists with Mineral Acid Extraction, www.maden.org.tr., date of visit: 08.12.2018. (In Turkish)
[12] Glasser F P. Chemistry of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction. R. N.Swamy (editor). The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992: 30-53.
[13] Adelman J G, Elouatik S, Demopoulos G P. Investigation of sodium silicate-derived gels as encapsulants for hazardous materials – The case of scorodite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 292: 108-117.
[14] Miguel E R, Ippolito J A, Leytem A B, et al. Analysis of total metals in waste molding and core sands from ferrous and nonferrous foundries. Journal of Environmental Management, 2012,110: 77-81.
[15] Kaur G, Siddique R, Rajor A. Properties of concrete containing fungal treated waste foundry sand. Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 29: 82-87.
[16] Stanley R, Samson Nesaraj A. Effect of Surfactants on the Wet Chemical Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 2013,12: 9-21.
[17] Khatiri R, Reyhani A, Mortazavi S Z, et al. Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2/APTES core-shell nanoparticles. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanostructures (ICNS4), Kish Island, I. R. Iran, 2012: 1456-1458.
[18] Shokri B, Abbasi Firouzjah M, Hosseini S I. FTIR analysis of silicon dioxide thin film deposited by Metal organic-based PECVD. http://www.ispc-conference.org/ispcproc/papers/791.pdf.
[19] Ulucay I E. Natural Compounds Usnic Acid And Naringenin Silica-Gel Bonding and Synthesis of Metal Complexes: Solid Phase Extraction Properties and Investigation of Catalytic Activities. MSc. thesis. Institute of Science and Technology, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 2013. (In Turkish)
[20] Kele? M, Serinda? O, Kat? Deste?e Tutturulmu? Fosfin Ligandlar? Ve Metal Komplekslerinin Sentezlenmesi. ?.ü Institute of Science and Technology, 2008:18-1. (In Turkish)
[21] ElBatal F H, Abdelghany A M, ElBatal H A. Characterization by combined optical and FT infrared spectra of 3d-transition metal ions doped-bismuth silicate glasses and effects of gamma irradiation. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013, 122: 461-468.
[22] Yildizay H, Goren R, Yanik G. Use of Alunite Mineral as a Jeopolymer Starting Material. AKU J. Sci. Eng., 2014, 14: 219-224. (In Turkish)
[23] Mishra L, Sharma A, Vishwakarma A K, et al. White light emission and color tunability of dysprosium doped barium silicate glasses. Journal of Luminescence, 2016, 169: 121-127.
[24] ElBatal H A, Azooz M A, Khalil E M A A, et al. Characterization of some bioglass–ceramics. Materials Chemistry and Physics,2003, 80: 599-609.
[2] Siddique R, Kaur G, Rajor A. Waste foundry sand and its leachate characteristics .Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2010, 54, 1027-1036.
[3] Sawai H, Rahman I M M, Fujita M, et al. Decontamination of Metal-Contaminated Waste Foundry Sands Using an EDTANaOH-NH3 Washing Solution. Chemical Engineering Journal,2016, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.078.
[4] Regulation on General Principles of Waste Management,RGPWM, (05.07.2008, R.G. : 26927), ?OB, Ankara,Turkey, 2008 , http://www. resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150402-2.htm.
[5] Navarro-Blasco í, Fernández J M, Duran A, et al. A novel use of calcium aluminate cements for recycling waste foundry sand(WFS). Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 48, 218-228.
[6] Siddique R, Singh G. Utilization of waste foundry sand (WFS)in concrete manufacturing. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2011, 55: 885-892.
[7] Rabbii A. Sodium Silicate Glass as an Inorganic Binder in Foundry Industry. Iranian Polymer Journal, 2001, 14: 231.
[8] Burgo J A. The Manufacture of Pig Iron in the Blast Furnace.The AISE Steel Foundation, Vol: Ironmaking, 1999, Chapter 10.
[9] Balbay S, Acikgoz C. Removal of Pollutants from Waste Foundry Sand by Chemical Washing Method. International Conference on Agricultural, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ACEE-16), Istanbul, Turkey, 2016: 88-91.
[10] Kouassi SS, Tognonvi M T, Soro J, et al. Consolidation mechanism of materials obtained from sodium silicate solution and silica-based aggregates. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2011, 357: 3013-3022.
[11] Gozogul R, Putun E, Tolay M, et al. Enrichment of Seyitomer Bituminous Schists with Mineral Acid Extraction, www.maden.org.tr., date of visit: 08.12.2018. (In Turkish)
[12] Glasser F P. Chemistry of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction. R. N.Swamy (editor). The Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992: 30-53.
[13] Adelman J G, Elouatik S, Demopoulos G P. Investigation of sodium silicate-derived gels as encapsulants for hazardous materials – The case of scorodite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 292: 108-117.
[14] Miguel E R, Ippolito J A, Leytem A B, et al. Analysis of total metals in waste molding and core sands from ferrous and nonferrous foundries. Journal of Environmental Management, 2012,110: 77-81.
[15] Kaur G, Siddique R, Rajor A. Properties of concrete containing fungal treated waste foundry sand. Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 29: 82-87.
[16] Stanley R, Samson Nesaraj A. Effect of Surfactants on the Wet Chemical Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 2013,12: 9-21.
[17] Khatiri R, Reyhani A, Mortazavi S Z, et al. Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2/APTES core-shell nanoparticles. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanostructures (ICNS4), Kish Island, I. R. Iran, 2012: 1456-1458.
[18] Shokri B, Abbasi Firouzjah M, Hosseini S I. FTIR analysis of silicon dioxide thin film deposited by Metal organic-based PECVD. http://www.ispc-conference.org/ispcproc/papers/791.pdf.
[19] Ulucay I E. Natural Compounds Usnic Acid And Naringenin Silica-Gel Bonding and Synthesis of Metal Complexes: Solid Phase Extraction Properties and Investigation of Catalytic Activities. MSc. thesis. Institute of Science and Technology, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 2013. (In Turkish)
[20] Kele? M, Serinda? O, Kat? Deste?e Tutturulmu? Fosfin Ligandlar? Ve Metal Komplekslerinin Sentezlenmesi. ?.ü Institute of Science and Technology, 2008:18-1. (In Turkish)
[21] ElBatal F H, Abdelghany A M, ElBatal H A. Characterization by combined optical and FT infrared spectra of 3d-transition metal ions doped-bismuth silicate glasses and effects of gamma irradiation. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013, 122: 461-468.
[22] Yildizay H, Goren R, Yanik G. Use of Alunite Mineral as a Jeopolymer Starting Material. AKU J. Sci. Eng., 2014, 14: 219-224. (In Turkish)
[23] Mishra L, Sharma A, Vishwakarma A K, et al. White light emission and color tunability of dysprosium doped barium silicate glasses. Journal of Luminescence, 2016, 169: 121-127.
[24] ElBatal H A, Azooz M A, Khalil E M A A, et al. Characterization of some bioglass–ceramics. Materials Chemistry and Physics,2003, 80: 599-609.