基于三维电子罗盘的边坡变形监测技术研究——以溪洛渡水电站库区岸坡为例
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摘要
探索基于三维电子罗盘的变形测量方法可用于边坡变形监测,作为滑坡地表变形监测的有力补充。三维电子罗盘由一个三轴加速度计和一个三轴磁力计组成,将6个测量数据加以计算,可得监测设备在三维空间的姿态,长期测量则可以追踪监测点在三维空间中的姿态变化。通过在溪洛渡水电站库区岸坡上安装的三维电子罗盘监测点,进行了为期1a的监测。经解算分析,在一个水文年中,岸坡监测部位在水平及竖直方向上的转动角度最大达到1°。结合库水位的变化分析可知,监测部位的转动与库水位高度和变化相关。再将姿态的变化与全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)测量得到的绝对位移结合使用,结果表明:在过去1a中,监测部位在水平方向上向对岸及上游侧冲沟方向变形,且向下游方向转动;垂直方向上发生沉降,且向坡脚方向转动。本方法为分析边坡变形和破坏模式,提供了新的思路。
A new monitoring method of slope deformation using 3 D electronic compass as a supplement to slope surface monitoring was proposed. The three-dimensional electronic compass consists of a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis magnetometer,and the measurement data are calculated to obtain the attitude angle which represents the attitude of the device in a three-dimensional space. Slope deformation of Xiluodu reservoir bank was monitored about one year using the three-dimensional electronic compass and the measurement data were analyzed. It is revealed that the rotation angles in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction reach 1°during a hydrological year,and that,by analyzing the variation of reservoir water level,the rotation has a strong relevance to the reservoir water table. Combing the method with the Global Navigation System(GNSS) method,it is also found that the horizontal deformation of the monitoring position points to the opposite bank and rotates downstream,and that the vertical settlement rotates to the slope foot direction in the past year. This method provides a new idea for analyzing slope deformation and failure mode.
A new monitoring method of slope deformation using 3 D electronic compass as a supplement to slope surface monitoring was proposed. The three-dimensional electronic compass consists of a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis magnetometer,and the measurement data are calculated to obtain the attitude angle which represents the attitude of the device in a three-dimensional space. Slope deformation of Xiluodu reservoir bank was monitored about one year using the three-dimensional electronic compass and the measurement data were analyzed. It is revealed that the rotation angles in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction reach 1°during a hydrological year,and that,by analyzing the variation of reservoir water level,the rotation has a strong relevance to the reservoir water table. Combing the method with the Global Navigation System(GNSS) method,it is also found that the horizontal deformation of the monitoring position points to the opposite bank and rotates downstream,and that the vertical settlement rotates to the slope foot direction in the past year. This method provides a new idea for analyzing slope deformation and failure mode.
引文
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[3]岳建平,方露,黎昵.变形监测理论与技术研究进展[J].测绘通报,2007,(7):1-4.(YUE Jianping,FANG Lu,LI Ni.Research advances of theory and technology in deformation monitoring[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2007,(7):1-4.(in Chinese))
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[6]刘祖强,张正禄,梅文胜,等.乌东德水电站金坪子滑坡监测及若干关键技术[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2009,33(5):61-64.(LIUZuqiang,ZHANG Zhenglu,MEI Wensheng,et al.Some key techniques of Jinpingzi landslide monitoring at Wudongde hydropower station[J].Hydropower Automation and Dam Monitoring,2009,33(5):61-64.(in Chinese))
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[8]方涛,马能武,刘德军,等.向家坝水电站坝区变形监测网的设计与实施[J].人民长江,2010,41(20):39-42.(FANG Tao,MANengwu,LIU Dejun,et al.Layout and implementation of deformation monitoring network for dam-site area of Xiangjiaba hydropower station[J].Yangtze River,2010,41(20):39-42.(in Chinese))
[9]SQUARZONI C,DELACOURT C,ALLEMAND P.Differential single-frequency GPS monitoring of the La Valette landslide(French Alps)[J].Engineering Geology,2005,79(3):215-229.
[10]熊先才,岳仁宾,彭军还,等.GPS技术在万州明镜滩滑坡监测中的应用[J].测绘科学,2008,33(3):149-150.(XIONG Xiancai,YUE Renbin,PENG Junhuan,et al.Application of GPS technique in Wanzhou Mingjingtan slope deformation monitoring[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2008,33(3):149-150.(in Chinese))
[11]魏学勇,欧阳祖熙,周昊,等.三峡库区高切坡变形监测--以万州区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):72-76.(WEI Xueyong,OUYANG Zuxi,ZHOU Hao,et al.Deformation monitoring system of high cutting slope in Three Gorges Reservoir-Acase study of Wanzhou area[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(4):72-76.(in Chinese))
[12]HAN B,HOU S,ZHU B,et al.Deformation monitoring and prediction of a reservoir landslide in Sichuan Province,China[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,580/583:2 694-2 701.
[13]陈豪,余记远,杨金玲,等.GPS精确定位技术在小湾水电站工程变形测量中的应用[J].测绘工程,2015,24(4):46-52.(CHENHao,YU Jiyuan,YANG Jinling,et al.GPS precise positioning technology applied to the deformation measurement of Xiaowan Hydropower Station Project[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2015,24(4):46-52.(in Chinese))
[14]陈云敏,陈赟,陈仁朋,等.滑坡监测TDR技术的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2 748-2 755.(CHEN Yunmin,CHEN Yun,CHEN Renpeng,et al.Testing study on applications of time domain reflectometry to slope monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2 748-2 755.(in Chinese))
[15]史彦新,张青.TDR技术在雅安峡口滑坡监测中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,2005,(1):55-57.(SHI Yanxin,ZHANG Qing.Application of TDR technique in Yaan Xiakou landslide monitoring[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2005,(1):55-57.(in Chinese))
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[17]YAN E,SONG K,LI H G.Applicability of time domain reflectometry for Yuhuangge landslide monitoring[J].Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(6):856-860.
[18]隋海波,施斌,张丹,等.边坡工程分布式光纤监测技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3 725-3 731.(SUI Haibo,SHI Bin,ZHANG Dan,et al.Study on distributed optical fiber sensor-based monitoring for slope engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3 725-3 731.(in Chinese))
[19]卢毅,施斌,席均,等.基于BOTDR的地裂缝分布式光纤监测技术研究[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(1):8-13.(LU Yi,SHIBin,XI Jun,et al.Field study of BOTDR-based distributed monitoring technology for ground fissures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(1):8-13.(in Chinese))
[20]XU G,XIONG D,DUAN Y,et al.Open pit slope deformation monitoring by fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Optical Engineering,2014,54(1):011003.
[21]朱鸿鹄,施斌.地质和岩土工程光电传感监测研究进展及趋势--第五届OSMG国际论坛综述[J].工程地质学报,2015,23(2):352-360.(ZHU Honghu,SHI Bin.Current progress and trends of opto-electronic sensor-based monitoring in geo-engineering-a summary of 5th OSMG-2014[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2015,23(2):352-360.(in Chinese))
[22]ZHANG D,XU Q,BEZUIJEN A,et al.Internal deformation monitoring for centrifuge slope model with embedded FBG arrays[J].Landslides,2017,14(1):407-417.
[23]徐进军,王海城,罗喻真,等.基于三维激光扫描的滑坡变形监测与数据处理[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2 188-2 191.(XU Jinjun,WANG Haicheng,LUO Yuzhen,et al.Deformation monitoring and data processing of landslide based on 3D laser scanning[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2 188-2 191.(in Chinese))
[24]VENTURA G,VILARDO G,TERRANOVA C,et al.Tracking and evolution of complex active landslides by multi-temporal airborne Li DAR data:The Montaguto landslide(Southern Italy)[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(12):3 237-3 248.
[25]谢谟文,胡嫚,王立伟.基于三维激光扫描仪的滑坡表面变形监测方法--以金坪子滑坡为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2013,24(4):85-92.(XIE Mowen,HU Man,WANG Liwei.Landslide monitoring by three-dimensional laser scanner-case study of the displacement detection of the Jinpingzi landslide(Southwest,China)[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2013,24(4):85-92.(in Chinese))
[26]YE X,KAUFMANN H,GUO X F.Landslide Monitoring in the Three Gorges Area Using D-INSAR and corner reflectors[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2004,70(10):1 167-1 172.
[27]谢谟文,王增福,胡嫚,等.高山峡谷区D-InSAR滑坡监测数据特征分析[J].测绘通报,2012,(4):18-21.(XIE Mowen,WANGZengfu,HU Man,et al.The Characteristic analysis of D-InSAR data for landslides monitoring in alpine and canyon region[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2012,(4):18-21.(in Chinese))
[28]XIE M,HUANG J,WANG L,et al.Early landslide detection based on D-InSAR technique at the Wudongde hydropower reservoir[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):1-13.
[29]OHNISHI Y,NISHIYAMA S,YANO T,et al.A study of the application of digital photogrammetry to slope monitoring systems[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(5):756-766.
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