交联聚乙烯接枝氯乙酸烯丙酯直流介电性能
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摘要
为改善交联聚乙烯(XLPE)的直流介电性能,本文以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)在发生交联反应的同时将含有极性基团的氯乙酸烯丙酯(CAAE)接枝在其大分子链上,并对制备的接枝材料(XLPE-g-CAAE)在空间电荷、电导和击穿等直流介电性能方面进行研究。实验结果表明,CAAE已成功接枝在XLPE大分子链上,且接枝CAAE后对材料的交联度和结晶性能影响极小;与XLPE相比,XLPE-g-CAAE抑制空间电荷形成的能力明显增强,并且具有更低的电导电流和更高的击穿场强。当CAAE的质量分数为1.5%时,试样具有最佳的直流介电性能。分析认为CAAE中的极性基团在材料中引入位置固定、均匀致密分布的深陷阱,使电子或空穴入陷形成荷电点阵及库仑力场,可以抑制电荷的注入和载流子迁移。本文的研究对于直流电力电缆绝缘材料的研发具有一定的参考价值。
In order to improve the DC dielectric properties of crosslinking polyethylene(XLPE), chloroacetic acid allyl ester(CAAE) with polar groups was grafted on the molecular chain of low density polyethylene(LDPE) during its crosslinking reaction, and dicumyl peroxide(DCP) was used as initiator for grafting reaction. The DC dielectric properties of the prepared materials(XLPE-g-CAAE), including space charge characteristics, conduction current and DC breakdown strength, are studied in this paper. Experimental results prove that CAAE has been grafted successfully on molecular chain of XLPE, and grafting CAAE reaction has little effect on the crosslinking degree and crystallization property of XLPE. Compared with XLPE, XLPE-g-CAAE has a significantly enhanced ability to suppress space charge accumulation, and has lower conduction and higher breakdown strength. XLPE-g-CAAE has the best DC dielectric properties when the mass fraction of CAAE is 1.5%. It is considered that the polar groups of CAAE can introduce uniform and dense deep traps in material, so that charged lattice and coulomb field could be formed through capturing electrons or holes, leading to the suppression of charge injection and carrier mobility. The research in this paper has certain reference value for the development of DC power cable insulation materials.
In order to improve the DC dielectric properties of crosslinking polyethylene(XLPE), chloroacetic acid allyl ester(CAAE) with polar groups was grafted on the molecular chain of low density polyethylene(LDPE) during its crosslinking reaction, and dicumyl peroxide(DCP) was used as initiator for grafting reaction. The DC dielectric properties of the prepared materials(XLPE-g-CAAE), including space charge characteristics, conduction current and DC breakdown strength, are studied in this paper. Experimental results prove that CAAE has been grafted successfully on molecular chain of XLPE, and grafting CAAE reaction has little effect on the crosslinking degree and crystallization property of XLPE. Compared with XLPE, XLPE-g-CAAE has a significantly enhanced ability to suppress space charge accumulation, and has lower conduction and higher breakdown strength. XLPE-g-CAAE has the best DC dielectric properties when the mass fraction of CAAE is 1.5%. It is considered that the polar groups of CAAE can introduce uniform and dense deep traps in material, so that charged lattice and coulomb field could be formed through capturing electrons or holes, leading to the suppression of charge injection and carrier mobility. The research in this paper has certain reference value for the development of DC power cable insulation materials.
引文
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[27]李喆.无机纳米氧化硅/低密度聚乙烯复合材料慢极化特性的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[2]徐殿国,刘瑜超,武健.多端直流输电系统控制研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(17):1-12.Xu Dianguo,Liu Yuchao,Wu Jian.Review on control strategies of multi-terminal direct current transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(17):1-12.
[3]刘云鹏,刘贺晨,高丽娟,等.电声脉冲法研究热老化对160k V直流电缆绝缘材料陷阱特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(24):105-112.Liu Yunpeng,Liu Hechen,Gao Lijuan,et al.Research on thermal aging trap characteristics of160k V DC cable insulation material by electroacoustic pulse method[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):105-112.
[4]周湶,伍能成,廖瑞金,等.不同交联程度交联聚乙烯的空间电荷特征[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):294-301.Zhou Quan,Wu Nengcheng,Liao Ruijin,et al.Space charge characteristics of different crosslinking degree of crosslinked poly-ethylene[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):294-301.
[5]Montanari G C.Bringing an insulation to failure:the role of space charge[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(2):339-364.
[6]Lau K Y,Vaughan A S,Chen G,et al.On the space charge and DC breakdown behavior of polyethylene/Silica nanocomposites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):340-351.
[7]Mazzanti G,Chen G,Fothergill J C,et al.A protocol for space charge measurements in full-size HVDC extruded cables[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):21-34.
[8]田付强,杨春,何丽娟,等.聚合物/无机纳米复合电介质介电性能及其机理最新研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(3):1-12.Tian Fuqiang,Yang Chun,He Lijuan,et al.The latest research progress of dielectric properties and mechanism of polymer/inorganic nanometer composite dielectric[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(3):1-12.
[9]Yang J Miaming,Wang Xuan,Zhao Hong,et al.Influence of moisture absorption on the DC conduction and space charge property of Mg O/LDPE nanocomposite[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(4):1957-1964.
[10]Tian F Q,Yao J Y,Li P,et al.Stepwise electric field induced charging current and its correlation with space charge formation in LDPE/Zn O nanocomposite[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(2):1232-1239.
[11]周凯,吴科,万利,等.无机纳米颗粒抑制中压电缆终端气隙缺陷局部放电的有效性[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(22):230-238.Zhou Kai,Wu Ke,Wan Li,et al.Validity of inorganic nano-particles on the suppression of partial discharge in air gap defects for medium voltage cable terminations[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(22):230-238.
[12]廖瑞金,柳海滨,柏舸,等.纳米Si O2/芳纶绝缘纸复合材料的空间电荷特性和介电性能[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):40-48.Liao Ruijin,Liu Haibin,Bo Ge,et al.Space charge characteristics and dielectric properties of nano-Si O2/aramid paper composite[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):40-48.
[13]尹毅,陈炯,李喆,等.纳米Si Ox/聚乙烯复合材料强场电导特性的研究[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(2):22-26.Yin Yi,Chen Jiong,Li Zhe,et al.High field conduction of the composites of low-density polyethylene/nano-Si Ox[J].Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(2):22-26.
[14]Han Bai,Wang Xuan,Sun Zhi,et al.Space charge suppression induced by deep traps in polyethylene/zeolite nanocomposite[J].Applied Physics Letters,2013,102:012902.
[15]王威望,李盛涛,刘文凤.聚合物纳米复合电介质的击穿性能[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):25-36.Wang Weiwang,Li Shengtao,Liu Wenfeng.Dielectric breakdown of polymer nanocomposites[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):25-36.
[16]Peng Simin,He Jinliang,Hu Jun,et al.Influence of functionalized Mg O nanoparticles on electrical properties of polyethylene nanocompo-sites[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1512-1519.
[17]Suh K S,Ho Gyu Yoon,Chang Ryong Lee,et al.Space charge behavior of acrylic monomer-grafted polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1999,6(3):282-287.
[18]Seung Hyung Lee,Jung-Ki Park,Jae Hong Han,et al.Space charge and electrical conduction in maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(6):1332-1338.
[19]Zha Junwei,Wu Yunhui,Wang Sijiao,et al.Improvement of space charge suppression of polypropylene for potential application in HVDC cables[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(4):2337-2343.
[20]Zhou Yao,Hu Jun,Dang Bin,et al.Mechanism of highly improved electrical properties in polypropylene by chemical modification of grafting maleic anhydride[J].Journal of Physics,2016,49:415301.
[21]马振清.乙烯咔唑接枝聚乙烯制备与性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2016.
[22]邱昌荣,曹晓珑.电气绝缘测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[23]Lan Li,Wu Jiandong,Yin Yi,et al.Effect of temperature on space charge trapping and conduction in cross-linked polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(4):1784-1791.
[24]陈季丹,刘子玉.电介质物理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[25]Chauvet C,Laurent C.Weibull statistics in shortterm dielectric breakdown of thin polyethylene films[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1993,28(1):18-29.
[26]田付强.聚乙烯基无机纳米复合电介质的陷阱特性与电性能研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.
[27]李喆.无机纳米氧化硅/低密度聚乙烯复合材料慢极化特性的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.