关于《机械姬》中的人机关系之探讨
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摘要
科幻电影《机械姬》以"机器人"为题材、以"女性"机器人为主角,在人机关系层面,提出了三个问题:图灵测试方法、人类和人造物自我意识的界限、机器人的安全措施。影片中检验机器人意识的测试方法其实并非图灵测试,但其具有效性和优越性,其实质是对"人机意识"的区分标准;判断机器人是否具有意识的标准在于"理解力",而区分机器智能和人类智能的标准却在于"感觉";虽然智能机器人"能够"理解人类伦理原则但不一定会认同,故,机器人不会拥有与人类不一样的伦理原则。
The sci-fi movie Ex Machina is a film featuring the theme of "robot"and the "female" robot as the main character, on the man-machine relationship level. This paper focus on these three topics in Ex Machina: the Turing test method, the boundaries between human and artificial self-awareness, the security measures of robots. Through specific analysis, it is concluded that the method to test robot consciousness in this film is not actually Turing test, but its essence is the distinguishing standard of "man-machine consciousness" with effectiveness and superiority. "Understanding" is the criterion to determine whether a robot has consciousness, while "feeling" is the criterion to distinguish between machine intelligence and human intelligence. Although intelligent robots can understand human ethical principles without certain approval, they won't have different ethical principles from humans.
The sci-fi movie Ex Machina is a film featuring the theme of "robot"and the "female" robot as the main character, on the man-machine relationship level. This paper focus on these three topics in Ex Machina: the Turing test method, the boundaries between human and artificial self-awareness, the security measures of robots. Through specific analysis, it is concluded that the method to test robot consciousness in this film is not actually Turing test, but its essence is the distinguishing standard of "man-machine consciousness" with effectiveness and superiority. "Understanding" is the criterion to determine whether a robot has consciousness, while "feeling" is the criterion to distinguish between machine intelligence and human intelligence. Although intelligent robots can understand human ethical principles without certain approval, they won't have different ethical principles from humans.
引文
[1]刘慈欣.从大海见一滴水--对科幻小说中某些传统文学要素的反思[J].科普研究2011,6(3):64-69.
[2]戴慧琦,刘兵.幻想中高科技对人类的有限拯救--从STS视角看《星际穿越》[J].科学与社会,2015,5(1):129-136.
[3]Turing,M..Computing machinery and intelligence[J].Mind,1950,59(236):433-460.
[4]Harnad,S..Grounding Symbols in the Analog World with Neural Nets[J].Think,1993,2(1):12-78.
[5]约翰·塞尔.心灵的再发现[M].王巍译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[6]Dretske,F..Can Intelligence Be Artificial?[J].Philosophical Studies An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition,1993,71(2):201-216.
[7]Schweizer,P..The Externalist Foundations of a Truly Total Turing Test[J].Minds&Machines,2012,22(3):191-212.
[8]瓦拉赫,艾伦.道德机器:如何让机器人明辨是非[M].王小红主译.北京:北京大学出版社,2017.
(1)塞尔之所以得出这个结论还因为,在他看来,“内部心智智能状态”也是作为判定个体是否具有智能的依据之一。
(1)在电影《机械姬》中,纳森撕碎艾娃的画作前,艾娃曾对纳森威胁道:“创造一个憎恶你的事物是一种什么感觉?!”
[2]戴慧琦,刘兵.幻想中高科技对人类的有限拯救--从STS视角看《星际穿越》[J].科学与社会,2015,5(1):129-136.
[3]Turing,M..Computing machinery and intelligence[J].Mind,1950,59(236):433-460.
[4]Harnad,S..Grounding Symbols in the Analog World with Neural Nets[J].Think,1993,2(1):12-78.
[5]约翰·塞尔.心灵的再发现[M].王巍译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
[6]Dretske,F..Can Intelligence Be Artificial?[J].Philosophical Studies An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition,1993,71(2):201-216.
[7]Schweizer,P..The Externalist Foundations of a Truly Total Turing Test[J].Minds&Machines,2012,22(3):191-212.
[8]瓦拉赫,艾伦.道德机器:如何让机器人明辨是非[M].王小红主译.北京:北京大学出版社,2017.
(1)塞尔之所以得出这个结论还因为,在他看来,“内部心智智能状态”也是作为判定个体是否具有智能的依据之一。
(1)在电影《机械姬》中,纳森撕碎艾娃的画作前,艾娃曾对纳森威胁道:“创造一个憎恶你的事物是一种什么感觉?!”