基于土壤基质势的灌溉预报及自动控制系统设计
|
摘要
为了使灌溉预报及自动控制系统简单、投资成本低且便于推广应用,设计了一套基于土壤基质势的灌溉预报及自动控制系统.通过利用电接点压力表测量负压计中的压力,设定不同作物、不同生育期、不同灌水方式的灌水下限和上限.当土壤基质势达到灌水上下限时,通过电接点压力表和自动控制电路,实现灌溉预报和自动控制.灌水过程中,通过单片机、远传水表和液晶显示屏,可以实现灌水时间、灌水量和灌水次数的记录与存储.经室内试验验证表明基于土壤基质势的灌溉预报及自动控制系统合理可行,对于粉砂壤土可以将灌水上限的土壤基质势设置为-8 k Pa左右.
An irrigation forecast and automatic control system was designed based on soil matric potential to make the system simple,cheap and widely applicable. By using pressure gauge with electric contact to measure the pressure of tensiometer,the irrigation upper and lower limits can be easily set with the knob on the pressure gauge for different crops,growth stages,and irrigation methods based on the soil matric potential. When the soil matric potential reaches the upper and lower limits,the automatic irrigation can be achieved with the pressure gauge and automatic control circuit. The irrigation duration,amount,and frequency can be recorded and stored with single chip microcomputer and displayed by remote-transmitting water meter and liquid crystal display during irrigation. The laboratory test show that this irrigation forecast and automatic control system is reliable and feasible. Moreover,based on the soil matric potential,the irrigation upper limit is approximately equal to-8 k Pa for silt loam soil.
An irrigation forecast and automatic control system was designed based on soil matric potential to make the system simple,cheap and widely applicable. By using pressure gauge with electric contact to measure the pressure of tensiometer,the irrigation upper and lower limits can be easily set with the knob on the pressure gauge for different crops,growth stages,and irrigation methods based on the soil matric potential. When the soil matric potential reaches the upper and lower limits,the automatic irrigation can be achieved with the pressure gauge and automatic control circuit. The irrigation duration,amount,and frequency can be recorded and stored with single chip microcomputer and displayed by remote-transmitting water meter and liquid crystal display during irrigation. The laboratory test show that this irrigation forecast and automatic control system is reliable and feasible. Moreover,based on the soil matric potential,the irrigation upper limit is approximately equal to-8 k Pa for silt loam soil.
引文
[1]林琭,汤昀,闫万丽,等.基于茎直径变化的精准灌溉技术研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):1-13.LIN Lu,TANG Yun,YAN Wanli,et al.Overview of precise irrigation scheduling based on stem diameter variations[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(5):1-13.(in Chinese)
[2]CHOUDHARY K M,JAT H S,NANDAL D P,et al.Evaluating alternatives to rice-wheat system in western Indo-Gangetic Plains:crop yields,water productivity and economic profitability[J].Field crops research,2018,218:1-10.
[3]MULLER T,BOULEAU C R,PERONA P.Optimizing drip irrigation for eggplant crops in semi-arid zones using evolving thresholds[J].Agricultural water management,2016,177:54-65.
[4]WANG F X,WU X X,SHOCK C C,et al.Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality under plastic mulch in arid northwestern China[J].Field crops research,2011,122(1):78-84.
[5]程岩,王新坤,朱燕翔,等.微润灌溉技术自动控制的研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(1):91-94.CHENG Yan,WANG Xinkun,ZHU Yanxiang,et al.A study on automatic control of micro-moist irrigation technology[J].Water saving irrigation,2016(1):91-94.(in Chinese)
[6]何武全,张华,何欣烨,等.变频调速分级恒压灌溉自动控制系统及应用[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(11):1003-1007.HE Wuquan,ZHANG Hua,HE Xinye,et al.Variable frequency and adjustable constant pressure automatic control irrigation system and its application[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(11):1003-1007.(in Chinese)
[7]SHOCK C C,WANG F X.Soil water tension,a powerful measurement for productivity and stewardship[J].Hortscience,2011,46(2):178-185.
[2]CHOUDHARY K M,JAT H S,NANDAL D P,et al.Evaluating alternatives to rice-wheat system in western Indo-Gangetic Plains:crop yields,water productivity and economic profitability[J].Field crops research,2018,218:1-10.
[3]MULLER T,BOULEAU C R,PERONA P.Optimizing drip irrigation for eggplant crops in semi-arid zones using evolving thresholds[J].Agricultural water management,2016,177:54-65.
[4]WANG F X,WU X X,SHOCK C C,et al.Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality under plastic mulch in arid northwestern China[J].Field crops research,2011,122(1):78-84.
[5]程岩,王新坤,朱燕翔,等.微润灌溉技术自动控制的研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(1):91-94.CHENG Yan,WANG Xinkun,ZHU Yanxiang,et al.A study on automatic control of micro-moist irrigation technology[J].Water saving irrigation,2016(1):91-94.(in Chinese)
[6]何武全,张华,何欣烨,等.变频调速分级恒压灌溉自动控制系统及应用[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(11):1003-1007.HE Wuquan,ZHANG Hua,HE Xinye,et al.Variable frequency and adjustable constant pressure automatic control irrigation system and its application[J].Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(11):1003-1007.(in Chinese)
[7]SHOCK C C,WANG F X.Soil water tension,a powerful measurement for productivity and stewardship[J].Hortscience,2011,46(2):178-185.