基于多种非感应起电参数化方案研究闪电放电频次、触发高度差异性
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摘要
基于已有的三维模式雷暴云起放电模式,对比分析GZ、TAK方案下闪电放电频次、正负先导的发展步数随时间的变化以及不同方案下闪电触发高度的差异性,研究表明:GZ方案中,无论是在垂直分布高度上还是在频次上,闪电触发频次较TAK方案少;与TAK方案相比,GZ方案下雷暴云电荷结构较弱,云闪发生频次较少且没有地闪出现; TAK方案下雷暴云中正先导从主负电荷区触发,传播更为频繁,正先导的步数发展也就越活跃,相比之下GZ方案中正先导传播步数较少。因此,非感应起电参数化方案的选取不同,使得对雷暴活动中起电、放电过程的研究均存在一定差异,本文研究结论对雷电微物理过程基础科学研究工作具有重要意义。
Based on the existing three-dimensional mode thunderstorm discharge mode,this paper comparision and analysis are carried out the difference between the frequency of lightning discharge,the change of the development step of the positive and negative pilots with time and the height of lightning triggered by the GZ scheme and the TAK scheme and the difference between the lightning triggering height. The study shows that the lightning triggers are more than T in the GZ scheme,whether at the vertical distribution height or in the frequency. The AK scheme is less,compared with the TAK scheme,the thunderstorm cloud charge structure under the GZ scheme is weaker,the occurrence frequency of the cloud flash is less and no ground flash occurs. The positive precursor of thunderstorm is triggered by the main negative charge area under the TAK scheme,and the propagation is more frequent,the more active the positive step number development is,compared to the GZ scheme,the positive first propagating step is less. Therefore,the selection of non-inductive power generation parameterization schemes is different,so that there are certain differences in the research of electrification and discharge process in Thunderstorm Activities,The conclusions can be of great significance for the study of lightning microphysical processes.
Based on the existing three-dimensional mode thunderstorm discharge mode,this paper comparision and analysis are carried out the difference between the frequency of lightning discharge,the change of the development step of the positive and negative pilots with time and the height of lightning triggered by the GZ scheme and the TAK scheme and the difference between the lightning triggering height. The study shows that the lightning triggers are more than T in the GZ scheme,whether at the vertical distribution height or in the frequency. The AK scheme is less,compared with the TAK scheme,the thunderstorm cloud charge structure under the GZ scheme is weaker,the occurrence frequency of the cloud flash is less and no ground flash occurs. The positive precursor of thunderstorm is triggered by the main negative charge area under the TAK scheme,and the propagation is more frequent,the more active the positive step number development is,compared to the GZ scheme,the positive first propagating step is less. Therefore,the selection of non-inductive power generation parameterization schemes is different,so that there are certain differences in the research of electrification and discharge process in Thunderstorm Activities,The conclusions can be of great significance for the study of lightning microphysical processes.
引文
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[12] MARSHALL B P,LATHAM J,SAUNDERS C R. A laboratory study of charge transfer accompanying the collision of ice crystals with a simulatedhailstone[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1978,104(439):163-178.
[13] KEITH W D,SAUNDERS C R. Further laboratory studies of the charging ofgraupel during ice crystal interactions[J]. Atmospheric Research, 1990, 25(5):445-464.
[14] ZIEGLER C L,MACGORMAN D R,DYE J E,et al. A model evaluation ofnoninductive graupel-ice charging in the early electrification of a mountain thunderstorm[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1991,96(D7):12833-12855.
[2] WILSON C R. Investigations on lightning discharges and on the electric field of thunderstorms[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,1921,221(330):73-115.
[3] CHIU C S. Numerical study of cloud electrification in an axisymmetric,time-dependent cloud model[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-oceans,1978,83(NC10):5025-5049.
[4] CHIU C S,KLETT J D. Convective electrification of clouds[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1976,81(6):1111-1124.
[5] TAKAHASHI T. Comments on`warm cloud electricity in a shallow axisymmetric cloud model[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2010,37(12):2795-2795.
[6] RAWLINS F. A numerical study of thunderstorm electrification using a 3 dimensional model incorporating the ice phase[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1982,108(458):779-800.
[7]言穆弘,郭昌明,刘欣生.雷暴对流起电机制理论分析[J].大气科学,1991,15(2):120-128.YANMuhong,GUO Changming,LIU Xinsheng. Theoretical analysis on the mechanism of thunderstorm convection[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1991,15(2):120-128.
[8] HELSDON J H. Jr williams a W,farley R D. an examination of thunderstorm-charging mechanisms using a twodimensional storm electrification model[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,60(D1):1165-1192.
[9] TAKAHASHI T. Riming electrification as a charge Generation mechanism in thunderstorms[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1978,35(8):1536-1548.
[10] SAUNDERS C R,KEITH W D,MITZEVA R P. The effect of liquid water on thunderstormcharging[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1991, 96(D6):11007-11017.
[11] RANDELL S C,RUTLEDGE S A,FARLEY R D,et al.Amodeling study on the early electrical development of tropical convection-continental and oceanic(monsoon)storms[J]. Monthly Weather Review,1994,122(8):1852-1877.
[12] MARSHALL B P,LATHAM J,SAUNDERS C R. A laboratory study of charge transfer accompanying the collision of ice crystals with a simulatedhailstone[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1978,104(439):163-178.
[13] KEITH W D,SAUNDERS C R. Further laboratory studies of the charging ofgraupel during ice crystal interactions[J]. Atmospheric Research, 1990, 25(5):445-464.
[14] ZIEGLER C L,MACGORMAN D R,DYE J E,et al. A model evaluation ofnoninductive graupel-ice charging in the early electrification of a mountain thunderstorm[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1991,96(D7):12833-12855.