径向放电的等离子体阴极脉冲电子束实验研究
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摘要
本文研究和设计了静电聚焦型的径向放电真空电弧等离子体阴极脉冲电子束源。在分析轴向放电的真空电弧等离子体阴极稳定性的基础上,改进结构,设计了径向放电的真空电弧等离子体阴极,由于表面比较狭窄,产生真空电弧后,阴极斑点的高速移动也都位于直径小于2mm的环形阴极内表面上,从而使得电子发射效率较为稳定。并以此为发射阴极,设计径向放电结构的空心阳极等离子体阴极电子束源,该电子束源为无磁场引导的皮尔斯型电子束源,其主要由等离子体阴极和静电聚焦系统两部分组成。实验测量过程中,采用法拉第筒测量了电子束的相关参数,得到比较稳定的脉冲电子束。
A pulse electron beam source of vacuum arc plasma cathode with electrostatic focusing system based on radial discharge was proposed and designed in this paper. With the consideration of the stability of vacuum arc plasma cathode with axial discharge, the structure was improved for vacuum arc plasma cathode with radial discharge. Because the surface is narrow and small, high-speed movement of cathode spot occurred only over annular cathode surface whose diameter was less than 2 mm, thereby the electron emission efficiency was stable. Then with the emission cathode, pulse electron beam source of vacuum arc plasma cathode with radial discharge was designed. It is a magnetic field source-free electron beam source, consisting of plasma cathode and electrostatic focusing system. In the experiments, a faraday cup was used to measure the parameters of electron beam. The results show that the electron source is stable.
A pulse electron beam source of vacuum arc plasma cathode with electrostatic focusing system based on radial discharge was proposed and designed in this paper. With the consideration of the stability of vacuum arc plasma cathode with axial discharge, the structure was improved for vacuum arc plasma cathode with radial discharge. Because the surface is narrow and small, high-speed movement of cathode spot occurred only over annular cathode surface whose diameter was less than 2 mm, thereby the electron emission efficiency was stable. Then with the emission cathode, pulse electron beam source of vacuum arc plasma cathode with radial discharge was designed. It is a magnetic field source-free electron beam source, consisting of plasma cathode and electrostatic focusing system. In the experiments, a faraday cup was used to measure the parameters of electron beam. The results show that the electron source is stable.
引文
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[15]胡杨,杨海亮,孙剑锋,等.强流电子束入射角二维分布测量方法[J].物理学报,2015,64(24):245203.Hu Yang,Yang Hailiang,Sun Jianfeng,et al.Amethod of measuring the incidence angle of intense electron beam[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(24):245203.
[16]戴栋,宁文军,邵涛.大气压低温等离子体的研究现状与发展趋势[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(20):1-9.Dai Dong,Ning Wenjun,Shao Tao.A review on the state of art and future trends of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasmas[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(20):1-9.
[2]Koval N N,Grigoryev S V,Devyatkov V N,et al.Effect of intensified emission during the generation of a submillisecond low-energy electron beam in a plasma-cathode diode[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2009,37(10):1890-1896.
[3]Gushenets V I,Goncharov A A,Dobrovolskiy A M,et al.Electrostatic plasma lens focusing of an intense electron beam in an electron source with a vacuum arc plasma cathode[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(8):2171-2176.
[4]荣命哲,吴翊,杨飞,等.开关电弧电流零区非平衡态等离子体仿真研究现状[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(2):1-12.Rong Mingzhe,Wu Yi,Yang Fei,et al.Review on the simulation method of non-equilibrium arc plasma during current zero period in the circuit breaker[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(2):1-12.
[5]向川,黄智慧,董华军,等.真空开关电弧对阳极加热作用的仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2017,12(43):3929-3937.Xiang Chuan,Huang Zhihui,Dong Huajun,et al.Simulaiton research of heating process in anode by vacuum arc[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,12(43):3929-3937.
[6]Beilis I I.Physics of cathode phenomena in a vacuum arc with respect to a plasma thruster application[J]IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(1):165-171.
[7]Shmelev D L,Barengolts S A,Shchitov N N.The effect of cathode deuteration on the parameters of vacuum-arc plasma[J].Technical Physics Letters,2014,40(9):783-786.
[8]Beilis I I,Sagi B,Zhitomirsky V,et al.Cathode spot motion in a vacuum arc with a long roof-shaped cathode under magnetic field[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,117(23):233303.
[9]胡明,万树德,夏洋洋,等.外部磁场对直流电弧等离子体放电特性的影响及其机理[J].高电压技术,2013,39(7):1655-1660.Hu Ming,Wan Shude,Xia Yangyang,et al.Influence and its mechanism of external magnetic field on DCarc plasma jet[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(7):1655-1660.
[10]王立军,胡丽兰,周鑫,等.大尺寸电极条件下大电流真空电弧特性的仿真[J].电工技术学报,201328(2):163-170.Wang Lijun,Hu Lilan,Zhou Xin,et al.Simulation of high-current vacuum arc characteristics with big-size electrode conditions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(2):163-170.
[11]Myshkin V F,Tichy M,Khan V A,et al.Heterogeneous arc discharge plasma in a magnetic field[J].Russian Physics Journal,2017,60(7):1099-1108.
[12]Yang Dingge,Jia Shenli,Qi Weidong,et al.Influence of axial magnetic field on cathode plasma jets in high-current vaccum arc[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2017,45(9):2596-2603.
[13]季曾超,陈仕修,高深,等.真空二极管辐射微波的机理分析[J].物理学报,2016,65(14):145202.Ji Zengchao,Chen Shixiu,Gao Shen,et al.Analysis on mechanism of radiating microwave from vacuum diode[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(14):145202.
[14]田微,盖斐,陈仕修,等.触发电流对真空触发开关导通特性影响的实验研究[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(20):28-33.Tian Wei,Gai Fei,Chen Shixiu,et al.Experiment study on influence of trigger current on conduction characteristics of triggered vacuum switches[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(20):28-33.
[15]胡杨,杨海亮,孙剑锋,等.强流电子束入射角二维分布测量方法[J].物理学报,2015,64(24):245203.Hu Yang,Yang Hailiang,Sun Jianfeng,et al.Amethod of measuring the incidence angle of intense electron beam[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2015,64(24):245203.
[16]戴栋,宁文军,邵涛.大气压低温等离子体的研究现状与发展趋势[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(20):1-9.Dai Dong,Ning Wenjun,Shao Tao.A review on the state of art and future trends of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasmas[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(20):1-9.