电液成形技术研究现状及发展趋势
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摘要
电液成形是一种典型的高速率成形技术,能显著提高材料成形性能,具有单面模具、工艺柔性高、零件表面质量高等优点,在薄壁难变形零件的精密成形制造方面将起到越来越大的作用。介绍了电液成形工艺的原理与主要特点,综述了电液成形技术、两步电液成形方法的研究进展,分析了电液成形板材的成形性及其影响因素。最后提出了电液成形在成形理论与应用研究方面存在的主要问题,并展望了该技术的发展趋势。
Electrohydraulic forming(EHF) is a typical high speed forming technology that can be used to significantly improve the formability. It has the advantages of single die, high flexibility and high surface quality of parts, etc. Therefore, EHF technology is playing an important role in the field of precision forming of thin wall parts made of high strength sheet metal. In this work, we introduced the principle and main characteristics of EHF technology, summarized the research status of EHF technology and the two-step EHF method, and analyzed the formability sheet metal by EHF process and its influence factors. Finally, the main points in the theory and application research of EHF technology were presented and the development trend was forecast.
Electrohydraulic forming(EHF) is a typical high speed forming technology that can be used to significantly improve the formability. It has the advantages of single die, high flexibility and high surface quality of parts, etc. Therefore, EHF technology is playing an important role in the field of precision forming of thin wall parts made of high strength sheet metal. In this work, we introduced the principle and main characteristics of EHF technology, summarized the research status of EHF technology and the two-step EHF method, and analyzed the formability sheet metal by EHF process and its influence factors. Finally, the main points in the theory and application research of EHF technology were presented and the development trend was forecast.
引文
[1]康永林.汽车轻量化先进高强钢与节能减排[J].钢铁,2008,43(6):1—7.KANG Yong-lin.Lightweight Vehicle,Advanced High Strength Steel and Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction[J].Iron and Steel,2008,43(6):1—7.
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[3]龚维四.液电成型[J].新技术新工艺,1984,6:17—18.GONG Wei-si.Electrohydraulic Forming[J].New Technology&New Process,1984,6:17—18.
[4]张雷,周锦进.液中放电成形技术[C]//第八届全国电加工学术年会论文集,1997.ZHANG Lei,ZHOU Jin-jin.Underwater-discharge Forming Technology[C]//Proceedings of the 8th National Symposium on Electrical Processing,1997.
[5]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,GILLARD A J,MAMUTOV A V.Formability of Dual Phase Steels in Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2013,213(7):1191—1212.
[6]王兵.液电效应及其应用[J].科技创新导报,2009,22:52—53.WANG Bing.Electrohydraulic Effect and its Application[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2009,22:52—53.
[7]黄文力,孙广生,王珏,等.液体介质击穿机理研究进展[J].高压电器,2005,41(2):131—134.HUANG Wen-li,SUN Guang-sheng,WANG Jue,et al.Progress in the Study of Breakdown Mechanism about Liquid Dielectric[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2005,41(2):131—134.
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[9]金明剑.水下等离子体声源电特性的基础性研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(电工研究所),2004.JIN Ming-jian.Fundamental Study on the Electrical Characteristics of Underwater Plasma Sound Source[D].Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Electrical Engineering),2004.
[10]王一博.水中等离子体声源的理论与实验研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2012.WANG Yi-bo.Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Underwater Plasma Acoustic Source[D].Hunan:National Defense Science and Technology University,2012.
[11]孔祥利.脉冲大电流的微分电路法测试[D].西安:西北大学,2010.KONG Xiang-li.Differential Circuit Method for Measuring High Pulse Current[D].Xi’an:Northwestern University,2010.
[12]朱锦.自动丝段式电爆方法的实现及工艺试验[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2010.ZHU Jin.The Achievement of Method of Wire Explosion and Experiments[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2010.
[13]李业勋.金属丝电爆炸机理及特性研究[D].绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2002.LI Ye-xun.Study on the Mechanism and Characteristics of Electrically Exploding Wire[D].Mianyang:Institute of Fluid Physics Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics,2002.
[14]陈长东.金属丝段电爆炸的电参数测试研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2011.CHEN Chang-dong.The Measurement and Study of Electrical Parameters during the Segmented Wire Electrical Explosion[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2011.
[15]杨家志.电爆喷涂过程中阻抗变化规律与实验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.YANG Jia-zhi.The Variation of Wire Impedance and Experimental Research during Wire Exploding Spray Coating Process[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.
[16]TIMOSHKIN I V,FOURACRE R A,GIVEN M J,et al.Hydrodynamic Modeling of Transient Cavities in Fluids Generated by High Voltage Spark Discharges[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2006,39(22):4808
[17]BRUNO E J.High-velocity Forming of Metals[M].American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers,1968.
[18]于海平,孙立超,张旭,等.铝合金管坯电液成形实验研究[J].锻压技术,2016,41(3):51—57.YU Hai-ping,SUN Li-chao,ZHANG Xu,et al.Experimental Investigation on Electrohydraulic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Tube[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2016,41(3):51—57.
[19]UAKOSHI M,YOSHITOM T,KATO A.Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-silicon Powders by Wire Explosion Resulting from Electric Discharge[J].Journal of Materials Science,1995,30:1240—1244.
[20]陆辛,王仲仁.电液线爆成形工艺[J].锻压技术,2002,27(2):34—35.LU Xin,WANG Zhong-ren.Electrohydro Wire Exploding Forming Technology[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2002,27(2):34—35.
[21]VOKURKA K,PLOCEK J.Experimental Study of the Thermal Behavior of Spark Generated Bubbles in Water[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2013,51:84—93.
[22]GILLARD A J,GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,MAMUTOV A V.Effect of Quasi-static Prestrain on the Formability of Dual Phase Steels in Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2013,15(2):201—218.
[23]DEHRA M S.High Velocity Formability and Factors Affecting it[D].Columbus:The Ohio State University,2006.
[24]庞桂兵,张赟阁,赵益昕,等.高速率成形技术进展[J].大连工业大学学报,2014,5:381—386.PANG Gui-bing,ZHANG Yun-ge,ZHAO Yi-xin,et al.Advance in High Speed Forming Technology[J].Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University,2014,5:381—386.
[25]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,GILLARD A J,MAMUTOV A V,et al.Pulsed Electrohydraulic Spring back Calibration of Parts Stamped from Advanced High Strength Steel[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214:2796—2810.
[26]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,GILLARD A J,MAMUTOV A V,et al.Electrohydraulic Trimming of Advanced and Ultra High Strength Steels[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214(4):1027—1043.
[27]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,BESSONOV N M,ILINICH A M.Two-step Method of Forming Complex Shapes from Sheet Metal[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2011,211(5):875—885.
[28]王小松,苑世剑,王仲仁.内高压成形起皱行为的研究[J].金属学报,2003,39(12):1276—1280.WANG Xiao-song,YUAN Shi-jian,WANG Zhong-ren.Research on Wrinkling Behavior in Tube Hydro-forming[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2003,39(12):1276—1280.
[29]GILLARD A J,GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,MAMUTOV A V.Effect of Quasi-static Prestrain on the Formability of Dual Phase Steels in Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2013,15(2):201—218.
[30]ROHATGI A,STEPHENS E V,DAVIES R W,et al.Electrohydraulic Forming of Sheet Metals:Free-forming vs.Conical-die Forming[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(5):1070—1079.
[31]ROHATGI A,STEPHENS E V,SOULAMI A,et al.Experimental Characterization of Sheet Metal Deformation during Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2011,211(11):1824—1833.
[32]ROHATGI A,SOULAMI A,STEPHENS E V,et al.An Investigation of Enhanced Formability in AA5182-O Al during High-rate Free-forming at Room-temperature:Quantification of Deformation History[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214(3):722—732.
[33]VOHNOUT V J.A Hybrid Quasi-static/Dynamic Process for Forming Large Sheet Metal Parts from Aluminum Alloys[D].Columbus:Ohio State University,1998:1—20.
[34]NEUGEBAUER R,BOUZAKIS K D,DENKENA B,et al.Velocity Effects in Metal Forming and Machining Processes[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2011,60(2):627—650.
[35]陆辛,王仲仁.电液成形工艺实验研究[J].锻压技术,2002,27(3):29—31.LU Xin,WANG Zhong-ren.Experimental Study on Electrohydraulic Forming Process[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2002,27(3):29—31.
[36]邓琦林,刘宏军,周锦进,等.液电成形金属零件的实验研究[J].航空精密制造技术,1999,35(4):15—17.DENG Qi-lin,LIU Hong-jun,ZHOU Jin-jin,et al.Experimental Study on Electrohydraulic Forming of Metal Parts[J].Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology,1999,35(4):15—17.
[37]YU Hai-ping,Sun Li-chao,ZHAGN Xu,et al.Experiments on Electrohydraulic Forming and Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Tube,2017,89(9):3169—3176.
[2]李春峰.高能率成形技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001.LI Chun-feng.High Energy Rate Forming[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2001.
[3]龚维四.液电成型[J].新技术新工艺,1984,6:17—18.GONG Wei-si.Electrohydraulic Forming[J].New Technology&New Process,1984,6:17—18.
[4]张雷,周锦进.液中放电成形技术[C]//第八届全国电加工学术年会论文集,1997.ZHANG Lei,ZHOU Jin-jin.Underwater-discharge Forming Technology[C]//Proceedings of the 8th National Symposium on Electrical Processing,1997.
[5]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,GILLARD A J,MAMUTOV A V.Formability of Dual Phase Steels in Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2013,213(7):1191—1212.
[6]王兵.液电效应及其应用[J].科技创新导报,2009,22:52—53.WANG Bing.Electrohydraulic Effect and its Application[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2009,22:52—53.
[7]黄文力,孙广生,王珏,等.液体介质击穿机理研究进展[J].高压电器,2005,41(2):131—134.HUANG Wen-li,SUN Guang-sheng,WANG Jue,et al.Progress in the Study of Breakdown Mechanism about Liquid Dielectric[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2005,41(2):131—134.
[8]张赞阁,庞桂兵,卜繁岭,等.液电成形技术研究进展[C]//第15届全国特种加工学术会议论文集(下),2013.ZHANG Zan-ge,PANG Gui-bing,BU Fan-ling,et al.Research Progress of Electrohydraulic Forming Technology[C]//Proceedings of the 15th National Conference on Special Processing(II),2013.
[9]金明剑.水下等离子体声源电特性的基础性研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(电工研究所),2004.JIN Ming-jian.Fundamental Study on the Electrical Characteristics of Underwater Plasma Sound Source[D].Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Electrical Engineering),2004.
[10]王一博.水中等离子体声源的理论与实验研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2012.WANG Yi-bo.Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Underwater Plasma Acoustic Source[D].Hunan:National Defense Science and Technology University,2012.
[11]孔祥利.脉冲大电流的微分电路法测试[D].西安:西北大学,2010.KONG Xiang-li.Differential Circuit Method for Measuring High Pulse Current[D].Xi’an:Northwestern University,2010.
[12]朱锦.自动丝段式电爆方法的实现及工艺试验[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2010.ZHU Jin.The Achievement of Method of Wire Explosion and Experiments[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2010.
[13]李业勋.金属丝电爆炸机理及特性研究[D].绵阳:中国工程物理研究院,2002.LI Ye-xun.Study on the Mechanism and Characteristics of Electrically Exploding Wire[D].Mianyang:Institute of Fluid Physics Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics,2002.
[14]陈长东.金属丝段电爆炸的电参数测试研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2011.CHEN Chang-dong.The Measurement and Study of Electrical Parameters during the Segmented Wire Electrical Explosion[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2011.
[15]杨家志.电爆喷涂过程中阻抗变化规律与实验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.YANG Jia-zhi.The Variation of Wire Impedance and Experimental Research during Wire Exploding Spray Coating Process[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.
[16]TIMOSHKIN I V,FOURACRE R A,GIVEN M J,et al.Hydrodynamic Modeling of Transient Cavities in Fluids Generated by High Voltage Spark Discharges[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2006,39(22):4808
[17]BRUNO E J.High-velocity Forming of Metals[M].American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers,1968.
[18]于海平,孙立超,张旭,等.铝合金管坯电液成形实验研究[J].锻压技术,2016,41(3):51—57.YU Hai-ping,SUN Li-chao,ZHANG Xu,et al.Experimental Investigation on Electrohydraulic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Tube[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2016,41(3):51—57.
[19]UAKOSHI M,YOSHITOM T,KATO A.Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-silicon Powders by Wire Explosion Resulting from Electric Discharge[J].Journal of Materials Science,1995,30:1240—1244.
[20]陆辛,王仲仁.电液线爆成形工艺[J].锻压技术,2002,27(2):34—35.LU Xin,WANG Zhong-ren.Electrohydro Wire Exploding Forming Technology[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2002,27(2):34—35.
[21]VOKURKA K,PLOCEK J.Experimental Study of the Thermal Behavior of Spark Generated Bubbles in Water[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2013,51:84—93.
[22]GILLARD A J,GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,MAMUTOV A V.Effect of Quasi-static Prestrain on the Formability of Dual Phase Steels in Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2013,15(2):201—218.
[23]DEHRA M S.High Velocity Formability and Factors Affecting it[D].Columbus:The Ohio State University,2006.
[24]庞桂兵,张赟阁,赵益昕,等.高速率成形技术进展[J].大连工业大学学报,2014,5:381—386.PANG Gui-bing,ZHANG Yun-ge,ZHAO Yi-xin,et al.Advance in High Speed Forming Technology[J].Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University,2014,5:381—386.
[25]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,GILLARD A J,MAMUTOV A V,et al.Pulsed Electrohydraulic Spring back Calibration of Parts Stamped from Advanced High Strength Steel[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214:2796—2810.
[26]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,GILLARD A J,MAMUTOV A V,et al.Electrohydraulic Trimming of Advanced and Ultra High Strength Steels[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214(4):1027—1043.
[27]GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,BESSONOV N M,ILINICH A M.Two-step Method of Forming Complex Shapes from Sheet Metal[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2011,211(5):875—885.
[28]王小松,苑世剑,王仲仁.内高压成形起皱行为的研究[J].金属学报,2003,39(12):1276—1280.WANG Xiao-song,YUAN Shi-jian,WANG Zhong-ren.Research on Wrinkling Behavior in Tube Hydro-forming[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2003,39(12):1276—1280.
[29]GILLARD A J,GOLOVASHCHENKO S F,MAMUTOV A V.Effect of Quasi-static Prestrain on the Formability of Dual Phase Steels in Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2013,15(2):201—218.
[30]ROHATGI A,STEPHENS E V,DAVIES R W,et al.Electrohydraulic Forming of Sheet Metals:Free-forming vs.Conical-die Forming[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(5):1070—1079.
[31]ROHATGI A,STEPHENS E V,SOULAMI A,et al.Experimental Characterization of Sheet Metal Deformation during Electrohydraulic Forming[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2011,211(11):1824—1833.
[32]ROHATGI A,SOULAMI A,STEPHENS E V,et al.An Investigation of Enhanced Formability in AA5182-O Al during High-rate Free-forming at Room-temperature:Quantification of Deformation History[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214(3):722—732.
[33]VOHNOUT V J.A Hybrid Quasi-static/Dynamic Process for Forming Large Sheet Metal Parts from Aluminum Alloys[D].Columbus:Ohio State University,1998:1—20.
[34]NEUGEBAUER R,BOUZAKIS K D,DENKENA B,et al.Velocity Effects in Metal Forming and Machining Processes[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2011,60(2):627—650.
[35]陆辛,王仲仁.电液成形工艺实验研究[J].锻压技术,2002,27(3):29—31.LU Xin,WANG Zhong-ren.Experimental Study on Electrohydraulic Forming Process[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2002,27(3):29—31.
[36]邓琦林,刘宏军,周锦进,等.液电成形金属零件的实验研究[J].航空精密制造技术,1999,35(4):15—17.DENG Qi-lin,LIU Hong-jun,ZHOU Jin-jin,et al.Experimental Study on Electrohydraulic Forming of Metal Parts[J].Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology,1999,35(4):15—17.
[37]YU Hai-ping,Sun Li-chao,ZHAGN Xu,et al.Experiments on Electrohydraulic Forming and Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Tube,2017,89(9):3169—3176.