低频脉冲电磁场促进周围神经损伤模型大鼠延迟修复后神经功能的恢复
|
摘要
背景:低频脉冲电磁场可以促进周围神经损伤的即时修复,但其对于延迟修复的影响尚不清楚。目的:探讨低频脉冲电磁场是否可以促进周围神经损伤延迟修复后的神经功能恢复。方法:将60只大鼠构建周围神经损伤模型,将模型大鼠随机分为低频脉冲电磁场治疗组及神经损伤延迟修复组,30只大鼠构建假手术模型(假手术组)。低频脉冲电磁场治疗组的模型大鼠在进行坐骨神经离断并行延迟修复后予以低频脉冲电磁场刺激;神经损伤延迟修复组仅进行坐骨神经离断及延迟修复处理;假手术组仅暴露坐骨神经不做离断。结果与结论:与神经损伤延迟修复组相比,低频脉冲电磁场治疗组模型大鼠坐骨神经指数修正因子明显上升,Westernblot结果显示坐骨神经组织中脑源性神经营养因子及血管内皮生长因子表达水平显著增加,免疫组化结果显示低频脉冲电磁场治疗组坐骨神经中的细胞再生数量增多。提示低频脉冲电磁场可以促进周围神经损伤模型大鼠延迟修复后的神经功能恢复。
BACKGROUND: Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote the immediate repair of peripheral nerve injury, but its effect on delayed repair is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote the recovery of neurologic function in rats after delayed repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Sixty rats were used for constructing the model of peripheral nerve injury, and then the rat models were randomized into low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment and delayed repair groups, and another 30 rats were included in the sham operation group. The rats in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group received low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields after sciatic nerve disconnection and delayed repair intervention. The delayed repair group received sciatic nerve disconnection and delayed repair intervention. The sham operation group only exposed the sciatic nerve without disconnection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sciatic functional index in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group was significantly higher than that in the delayed repair group. Western blot assay results showed that the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the sciatic nerve were significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of sciatic nerve cells in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group was significantly increased. In summary, low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote neurologic function recovery after delayed repair of peripheral nerve injury in rats.
BACKGROUND: Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote the immediate repair of peripheral nerve injury, but its effect on delayed repair is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote the recovery of neurologic function in rats after delayed repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Sixty rats were used for constructing the model of peripheral nerve injury, and then the rat models were randomized into low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment and delayed repair groups, and another 30 rats were included in the sham operation group. The rats in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group received low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields after sciatic nerve disconnection and delayed repair intervention. The delayed repair group received sciatic nerve disconnection and delayed repair intervention. The sham operation group only exposed the sciatic nerve without disconnection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sciatic functional index in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group was significantly higher than that in the delayed repair group. Western blot assay results showed that the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the sciatic nerve were significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of sciatic nerve cells in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group was significantly increased. In summary, low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote neurologic function recovery after delayed repair of peripheral nerve injury in rats.
引文
[1]Taylor CA,Braza D,Rice JB,et al.The incidence of peripheral nerve injury in extremity trauma.Am J Phys Med Rehabil.2008;87(5):381-385.
[2]Linley PA,Joseph S.Positive change following trauma and adversity:a review.J Trauma Stress.2004;17(1):11-21.
[3]Jonsson S,Wiberg R,McGrath AM,et al.Effect of delayed peripheral nerve repair on nerve regeneration,Schwann cell function and target muscle recovery.PLoS One.2013;8(2):e56484.
[4]Saito H,Kanje M,Dahlin LB.Delayed nerve repair increases number of caspase 3 stained Schwann cells.Neurosci Lett.2009;456(1):30-33.
[5]Midha R,Munro CA,Chan S,et al.Regeneration into protected and chronically denervated peripheral nerve stumps.Neurosurgery.2005;57(6):1289-1299;discussion 1289-1299.
[6]Boyd JG,Gordon T.A dose-dependent facilitation and inhibition of peripheral nerve regeneration by brain-derived neurotrophic factor.Eur J Neurosci.2002;15(4):613-626.
[7]Sulaiman OA,Gordon T.Role of chronic Schwann cell denervation in poor functional recovery after nerve injuries and experimental strategies to combat it.Neurosurgery.2009;65(4 Suppl):A105-114.
[8]Jessen KR,Mirsky R.The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves.J Physiol.2016;594(13):3521-3531.
[9]Mohseni MA,Pour JS,Pour JG.Primary and delayed repair and nerve grafting for treatment of cut median and ulnar nerves.Pak J Biol Sci.2010;13(6):287-292.
[10]Ruven C,Li W,Li H,et al.Transplantation of Embryonic Spinal Cord Derived Cells Helps to Prevent Muscle Atrophy after Peripheral Nerve Injury.Int J Mol Sci.2017;18(3):E511.
[11]Gu L.Construction of Chinese peripheral nerve society and progress in repair and reconstruction of peripheral nerve injury.Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi.2018;32(7):786-791.
[12]Al-Majed AA,Neumann CM,Brushart TM,et al.Brief electrical stimulation promotes the speed and accuracy of motor axonal regeneration.J Neurosci.2000;20(7):2602-2608.
[13]Gordon T.Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Axon Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Animal Models and Humans.Neurotherapeutics.2016;13(2):295-310.
[14]Aydin MA,Mackinnon SE,Gu XM,et al.Force deficits in skeletal muscle after delayed reinnervation.Plast Reconstr Surg.2004;113(6):1712-1718.
[15]Sulaiman OA,Gordon T.Effects of short-and long-term Schwann cell denervation on peripheral nerve regeneration,myelination,and size.Glia.2000;32(3):234-246.
[16]Zheng J,Sun J,Lu X,et al.BDNF promotes the axonal regrowth after sciatic nerve crush through intrinsic neuronal capability upregulation and distal portion protection.Neurosci Lett.2016;621:1-8.
[17]Pereira Lopes FR,Lisboa BC,Frattini F,et al.Enhancement of sciatic nerve regeneration after vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)gene therapy.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol.2011;37(6):600-612.
[18]Habtemariam S.The brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal plasticity and neuroregeneration:new pharmacological concepts for old and new drugs.Neural Regen Res.2018;13(6):983-984.
[19]Cheng XL,Wang P,Sun B,et al.The longitudinal epineural incision and complete nerve transection method for modeling sciatic nerve injury.Neural Regen Res.2015;10(10):1663-1668.
[20]Gladman SJ,Huang W,Lim SN,et al.Improved outcome after peripheral nerve injury in mice with increased levels of endogenousω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.J Neurosci.2012;32(2):563-571.
[21]Daeschler SC,Harhaus L,Schoenle P,et al.Ultrasound and shock-wave stimulation to promote axonal regeneration following nerve surgery:a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Sci Rep.2018;8(1):3168.
[22]Li Y,Xiao W,Wu P,et al.The expression of SIRT1 in articular cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis and its correlation with disease severity.J Orthop Surg Res.2016;11(1):144.
[23]Gordon T,Amirjani N,Edwards DC,et al.Brief post-surgical electrical stimulation accelerates axon regeneration and muscle reinnervation without affecting the functional measures in carpal tunnel syndrome patients.Exp Neurol.2010;223(1):192-202.
[24]Güven M,Günay I,Ozgünen K,et al.Effect of pulsed magnetic field on regenerating rat sciatic nerve:an in-vitro electrophysiologic study.Int J Neurosci.2005;115(6):881-892.
[25]Seo N,Lee SH,Ju KW,et al.Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field pretreated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the regeneration of crush-injured rat mental nerve.Neural Regen Res.2018;13(1):145-153.
[26]Huang J,Hu X,Lu L,et al.Electrical stimulation accelerates motor functional recovery in autograft-repaired 10 mm femoral nerve gap in rats.J Neurotrauma.2009;26(10):1805-1813.
[27]Paolucci T,Piccinini G,Nusca SM,et al.Efficacy of dietary supplement with nutraceutical composed combined with extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in carpal tunnel syndrome.J Phys Ther Sci.2018;30(6):777-784.
[28]Baptista AF,Gomes JR,Oliveira JT,et al.A new approach to assess function after sciatic nerve lesion in the mouseadaptation of the sciatic static index.J Neurosci Methods.2007;161(2):259-264.
[29]Shenaq JM,Shenaq SM,Spira M.Reliability of sciatic function index in assessing nerve regeneration across a 1 cm gap.Microsurgery.1989;10(3):214-219.
[30]V?gelin E,Baker JM,Gates J,et al.Effects of local continuous release of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)on peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat model.Exp Neurol.2006;199(2):348-353.
[31]Hobson MI,Green CJ,Terenghi G.VEGF enhances intraneural angiogenesis and improves nerve regeneration after axotomy.J Anat.2000;197 Pt 4:591-605.
[32]Wu P,Spinner RJ,Gu Y,et al.Delayed repair of the peripheral nerve:a novel model in the rat sciatic nerve.J Neurosci Methods.2013;214(1):37-44.
[33]Navarro X,VivóM,Valero-CabréA.Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.Prog Neurobiol.2007;82(4):163-201.
[34]Gordon T,Tyreman N,Raji MA.The basis for diminished functional recovery after delayed peripheral nerve repair.JNeurosci.2011;31(14):5325-5334.
[35]Foecking EM,Fargo KN,Coughlin LM,et al.Single session of brief electrical stimulation immediately following crush injury enhances functional recovery of rat facial nerve.J Rehabil Res Dev.2012;49(3):451-458.
[36]H?ke A.Mechanisms of Disease:what factors limit the success of peripheral nerve regeneration in humans?Nat Clin Pract Neurol.2006;2(8):448-454.
[37]Liu K,Lu Y,Lee JK,et al.PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons.Nat Neurosci.2010;13(9):1075-1081.
[38]Cheah M,Fawcett JW,Haenzi B.Differential regenerative ability of sensory and motor neurons.Neurosci Lett.2017;652:35-40.
[2]Linley PA,Joseph S.Positive change following trauma and adversity:a review.J Trauma Stress.2004;17(1):11-21.
[3]Jonsson S,Wiberg R,McGrath AM,et al.Effect of delayed peripheral nerve repair on nerve regeneration,Schwann cell function and target muscle recovery.PLoS One.2013;8(2):e56484.
[4]Saito H,Kanje M,Dahlin LB.Delayed nerve repair increases number of caspase 3 stained Schwann cells.Neurosci Lett.2009;456(1):30-33.
[5]Midha R,Munro CA,Chan S,et al.Regeneration into protected and chronically denervated peripheral nerve stumps.Neurosurgery.2005;57(6):1289-1299;discussion 1289-1299.
[6]Boyd JG,Gordon T.A dose-dependent facilitation and inhibition of peripheral nerve regeneration by brain-derived neurotrophic factor.Eur J Neurosci.2002;15(4):613-626.
[7]Sulaiman OA,Gordon T.Role of chronic Schwann cell denervation in poor functional recovery after nerve injuries and experimental strategies to combat it.Neurosurgery.2009;65(4 Suppl):A105-114.
[8]Jessen KR,Mirsky R.The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves.J Physiol.2016;594(13):3521-3531.
[9]Mohseni MA,Pour JS,Pour JG.Primary and delayed repair and nerve grafting for treatment of cut median and ulnar nerves.Pak J Biol Sci.2010;13(6):287-292.
[10]Ruven C,Li W,Li H,et al.Transplantation of Embryonic Spinal Cord Derived Cells Helps to Prevent Muscle Atrophy after Peripheral Nerve Injury.Int J Mol Sci.2017;18(3):E511.
[11]Gu L.Construction of Chinese peripheral nerve society and progress in repair and reconstruction of peripheral nerve injury.Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi.2018;32(7):786-791.
[12]Al-Majed AA,Neumann CM,Brushart TM,et al.Brief electrical stimulation promotes the speed and accuracy of motor axonal regeneration.J Neurosci.2000;20(7):2602-2608.
[13]Gordon T.Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Axon Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Animal Models and Humans.Neurotherapeutics.2016;13(2):295-310.
[14]Aydin MA,Mackinnon SE,Gu XM,et al.Force deficits in skeletal muscle after delayed reinnervation.Plast Reconstr Surg.2004;113(6):1712-1718.
[15]Sulaiman OA,Gordon T.Effects of short-and long-term Schwann cell denervation on peripheral nerve regeneration,myelination,and size.Glia.2000;32(3):234-246.
[16]Zheng J,Sun J,Lu X,et al.BDNF promotes the axonal regrowth after sciatic nerve crush through intrinsic neuronal capability upregulation and distal portion protection.Neurosci Lett.2016;621:1-8.
[17]Pereira Lopes FR,Lisboa BC,Frattini F,et al.Enhancement of sciatic nerve regeneration after vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)gene therapy.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol.2011;37(6):600-612.
[18]Habtemariam S.The brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal plasticity and neuroregeneration:new pharmacological concepts for old and new drugs.Neural Regen Res.2018;13(6):983-984.
[19]Cheng XL,Wang P,Sun B,et al.The longitudinal epineural incision and complete nerve transection method for modeling sciatic nerve injury.Neural Regen Res.2015;10(10):1663-1668.
[20]Gladman SJ,Huang W,Lim SN,et al.Improved outcome after peripheral nerve injury in mice with increased levels of endogenousω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.J Neurosci.2012;32(2):563-571.
[21]Daeschler SC,Harhaus L,Schoenle P,et al.Ultrasound and shock-wave stimulation to promote axonal regeneration following nerve surgery:a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Sci Rep.2018;8(1):3168.
[22]Li Y,Xiao W,Wu P,et al.The expression of SIRT1 in articular cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis and its correlation with disease severity.J Orthop Surg Res.2016;11(1):144.
[23]Gordon T,Amirjani N,Edwards DC,et al.Brief post-surgical electrical stimulation accelerates axon regeneration and muscle reinnervation without affecting the functional measures in carpal tunnel syndrome patients.Exp Neurol.2010;223(1):192-202.
[24]Güven M,Günay I,Ozgünen K,et al.Effect of pulsed magnetic field on regenerating rat sciatic nerve:an in-vitro electrophysiologic study.Int J Neurosci.2005;115(6):881-892.
[25]Seo N,Lee SH,Ju KW,et al.Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field pretreated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the regeneration of crush-injured rat mental nerve.Neural Regen Res.2018;13(1):145-153.
[26]Huang J,Hu X,Lu L,et al.Electrical stimulation accelerates motor functional recovery in autograft-repaired 10 mm femoral nerve gap in rats.J Neurotrauma.2009;26(10):1805-1813.
[27]Paolucci T,Piccinini G,Nusca SM,et al.Efficacy of dietary supplement with nutraceutical composed combined with extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in carpal tunnel syndrome.J Phys Ther Sci.2018;30(6):777-784.
[28]Baptista AF,Gomes JR,Oliveira JT,et al.A new approach to assess function after sciatic nerve lesion in the mouseadaptation of the sciatic static index.J Neurosci Methods.2007;161(2):259-264.
[29]Shenaq JM,Shenaq SM,Spira M.Reliability of sciatic function index in assessing nerve regeneration across a 1 cm gap.Microsurgery.1989;10(3):214-219.
[30]V?gelin E,Baker JM,Gates J,et al.Effects of local continuous release of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)on peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat model.Exp Neurol.2006;199(2):348-353.
[31]Hobson MI,Green CJ,Terenghi G.VEGF enhances intraneural angiogenesis and improves nerve regeneration after axotomy.J Anat.2000;197 Pt 4:591-605.
[32]Wu P,Spinner RJ,Gu Y,et al.Delayed repair of the peripheral nerve:a novel model in the rat sciatic nerve.J Neurosci Methods.2013;214(1):37-44.
[33]Navarro X,VivóM,Valero-CabréA.Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.Prog Neurobiol.2007;82(4):163-201.
[34]Gordon T,Tyreman N,Raji MA.The basis for diminished functional recovery after delayed peripheral nerve repair.JNeurosci.2011;31(14):5325-5334.
[35]Foecking EM,Fargo KN,Coughlin LM,et al.Single session of brief electrical stimulation immediately following crush injury enhances functional recovery of rat facial nerve.J Rehabil Res Dev.2012;49(3):451-458.
[36]H?ke A.Mechanisms of Disease:what factors limit the success of peripheral nerve regeneration in humans?Nat Clin Pract Neurol.2006;2(8):448-454.
[37]Liu K,Lu Y,Lee JK,et al.PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons.Nat Neurosci.2010;13(9):1075-1081.
[38]Cheah M,Fawcett JW,Haenzi B.Differential regenerative ability of sensory and motor neurons.Neurosci Lett.2017;652:35-40.