频率步进探地雷达的校准研究
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摘要
频率步进探地雷达等仪器的校准是提高仪器设备测量性能的重要手段,因此在雷达的制造与实际使用的过程中进行校准对其测量值的真实性与准确性的提高具有十分重要的意义。传统的对于频率步进探地雷达的校准研究只是在矢量网络分析仪和天线构成的简单结构上,并未真实的使用在实际的探地雷达中。根据单端口测量的误差结构模型,建立了频率步进探地雷达在实际测量时的误差模型,并对模型进行分析,并采用金属板作为校准标准对其进行校准。通过对比校准前后的雷达测量数据可以看出,经过校准后,频率步进探地雷达接收到的信号波形中目标反射物会更加明显和突出,并且接收信号中中的多次反射回波也被消除,有利于提高雷达系统的测量性能,在实际应用中具有重要的意义。
The calibration of stepped frequency ground penetrating radar and other instruments is an important means to improve the measuring performance of instruments and instruments. Therefore, it is very important to carry out calibration during the manufacture and actual use of radar to improve the authenticity and accuracy of the measured values. Traditional calibration studies for stepped frequency ground penetrating radars are only in the simple structure of vector network analyzers and antennas, and are not actually used in actual ground penetrating radars. Based on the two-port error structure model of single-port measurement, this paper establishes the error model of frequency stepping ground penetrating radar in actual measurement, analyzes the model, and calibrates the metal plate as a calibration standard. By comparing the radar measurement data before and after calibration, it can be seen that after calibration, the target reflector in the reflection waveform of the frequency stepping radar will be more prominent, and multiple reflection echoes in the reflection waveform will also be eliminated. It is of great significance to improve the measurement performance of radar systems.
The calibration of stepped frequency ground penetrating radar and other instruments is an important means to improve the measuring performance of instruments and instruments. Therefore, it is very important to carry out calibration during the manufacture and actual use of radar to improve the authenticity and accuracy of the measured values. Traditional calibration studies for stepped frequency ground penetrating radars are only in the simple structure of vector network analyzers and antennas, and are not actually used in actual ground penetrating radars. Based on the two-port error structure model of single-port measurement, this paper establishes the error model of frequency stepping ground penetrating radar in actual measurement, analyzes the model, and calibrates the metal plate as a calibration standard. By comparing the radar measurement data before and after calibration, it can be seen that after calibration, the target reflector in the reflection waveform of the frequency stepping radar will be more prominent, and multiple reflection echoes in the reflection waveform will also be eliminated. It is of great significance to improve the measurement performance of radar systems.
引文
[1] DANIELS D J.Surface penetrating radar[J].Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal,1996,8(4):165-182.
[2] BURRELL G A,PETERS L.Pulse propagation in lossy media using the low-frequency window for video pulse radar application[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1979,67(7):981-990.
[3] 朱尚清,申进孝,王贇峰.地质雷达校准及不确定度评定[J].市政技术,2016,34(5):203-205.
[4] 龚凯军,李延军,张杨杨.EKKPRO地质雷达内部校准及不确定度分析[J].市政技术,2018,36(1):199-202.
[5] HACKBORN R A.An automatic network analyzer system[J].Microwave Journal,1968,11(8):45-52.
[6] HIEBEL M.Fundamentals of vector network analysis[M].München:Rohde & Schwarz,2014.
[7] 朱晓华.雷达信号分析与处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011.
[8] 方广有,左藤源之.频率步进探地雷达及其在地雷探测中的应用[J].电子学报,2005,33(3):436-439.
[9] LIU T,ZHU Y,SU Y.Method for compensating signal attenuation using stepped-frequency ground penetrating radar[J].Sensors,2018,18(5):1366.
[10] THOMAS S B,ROY L P.A comparative study on calibration technique for SFCW ground penetrating radar[C].International Conference on Microelectronic Devices,Circuits and Systems,2017:1-4.
[11] PERSICO R,LEUCCI G.Interference mitigation achieved with a reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR system[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(11):926.
[12] MIKHNEV V A,VAINIKAINEN P.Single-reference near-field calibration procedure for step-frequency ground penetrating radar[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2003,41(1):75-80.
[13] LIU H B,ZHAO X N,LYU H H.Parameter design of stepped frequency waveform and its signal processing algorithm in clutter[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2013,33(6):638-643.
[14] LIU F M.Calibration of the mono-static stepped-frequency GPR with a Vivaldi UWB antenna[C].International Conference on Microwave & Millimeter Wave Technology.IEEE,2008:1691-1694.
[15] NICOLAESCU I,VAN GENDEREN P.Performances of a stepped-frequency continuous-wave ground penetrating radar[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2012,82:59-67.
[2] BURRELL G A,PETERS L.Pulse propagation in lossy media using the low-frequency window for video pulse radar application[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1979,67(7):981-990.
[3] 朱尚清,申进孝,王贇峰.地质雷达校准及不确定度评定[J].市政技术,2016,34(5):203-205.
[4] 龚凯军,李延军,张杨杨.EKKPRO地质雷达内部校准及不确定度分析[J].市政技术,2018,36(1):199-202.
[5] HACKBORN R A.An automatic network analyzer system[J].Microwave Journal,1968,11(8):45-52.
[6] HIEBEL M.Fundamentals of vector network analysis[M].München:Rohde & Schwarz,2014.
[7] 朱晓华.雷达信号分析与处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011.
[8] 方广有,左藤源之.频率步进探地雷达及其在地雷探测中的应用[J].电子学报,2005,33(3):436-439.
[9] LIU T,ZHU Y,SU Y.Method for compensating signal attenuation using stepped-frequency ground penetrating radar[J].Sensors,2018,18(5):1366.
[10] THOMAS S B,ROY L P.A comparative study on calibration technique for SFCW ground penetrating radar[C].International Conference on Microelectronic Devices,Circuits and Systems,2017:1-4.
[11] PERSICO R,LEUCCI G.Interference mitigation achieved with a reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR system[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(11):926.
[12] MIKHNEV V A,VAINIKAINEN P.Single-reference near-field calibration procedure for step-frequency ground penetrating radar[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing,2003,41(1):75-80.
[13] LIU H B,ZHAO X N,LYU H H.Parameter design of stepped frequency waveform and its signal processing algorithm in clutter[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2013,33(6):638-643.
[14] LIU F M.Calibration of the mono-static stepped-frequency GPR with a Vivaldi UWB antenna[C].International Conference on Microwave & Millimeter Wave Technology.IEEE,2008:1691-1694.
[15] NICOLAESCU I,VAN GENDEREN P.Performances of a stepped-frequency continuous-wave ground penetrating radar[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2012,82:59-67.