含瓦斯煤岩真三轴多参量试验系统研制及应用
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摘要
以深部日趋严重的煤岩体冲击-突出复合灾害为研究背景,紧密围绕多场条件下的煤岩流(瓦斯)-固耦合力学行为演化机制这一关键科学问题,充分考虑深部煤岩真三向应力环境与受载特点,自主研发了含瓦斯煤岩真三轴多参量试验系统,以期厘清煤岩受载、破坏过程力学行为、声发射与电荷感应信号时空演化规律,掌握冲击-突出复合灾害孕育力学机制,建立科学的灾害防控手段。该试验系统主要由加/卸荷系统、载荷-位移监测系统、气体环境施加与监测系统、电控系统、声发射监测系统、电荷感应信号监测系统6个子系统组成,具有高应力、真三向、多尺寸、高精度、稳定性强、多参量、多加/卸荷路径等特点。利用该系统初步开展了瓦斯压力、侧压比与卸荷路径影响的煤岩三轴受载试验,并对全应力-应变曲线及声发射、电荷感应信号变化规律分析。结果表明,瓦斯气体影响了煤岩强度、峰后残余强度及延性特征,随侧压比值降低煤岩各向异性特征逐渐弱化,在应力较小方向具有较大的应变量,侧压比与加/卸荷路径是影响煤岩力学行为的重要应力环境因素。该系统为后续开展含瓦斯煤岩力学行为时空演化规律研究提供了试验基础。
Based on the background of the increasingly serious composite disaster of coal and rock mass impact-outburst in the deep, and closely surrounding the key scientific problem of the evolution mechanism of coal-rock flow(gas)-solid coupling mechanical behavior under multi-field conditions, a true triaxial multi-parameter test system for coal and rock containing gas has been developed independently. The test system can fully simulate true three-dimensional stress environment and loading characteristics of coal and rock in the deep. It is hoped that the test system can clarify the mechanical behavior of coal and rock during loading and failure, the spatio-temporal evolution law of acoustic emission and charge induction signals, grasp the mechanism of impact-outburst compound disaster breeding, and establish scientific means of disaster prevention and control. The experiment system consists of 6 sub-systems, i.e. loading-unloading, load-displacement monitoring, methane environment application-monitoring, electric control, acoustic emission and charge induction. It has the characteristics of high-stress, true triaxial, multi dimension, high precision, good stability, multiparameter and multi loading-unloading path. Experiments of coal under different gas pressures, lateral pressure ratio and unloading path are carried out with the system, analysis of total stress-strain curve, acoustic emission and charge induction signal. The results show that the strength of peak and residual, ductility of coal are changed by methane; the anisotropy characteristics gradually weakened with the decrease of lateral pressure ratio; strain developed in the direction of low stress; the lateral pressure ratio and the loading/unloading path are important stress environmental factors influencing mechanical behavior of coal rock. The system provides a reliable experimental basis for the follow-up study of fluid-solid coupling mechanical behavior of coal rock containing methane.
Based on the background of the increasingly serious composite disaster of coal and rock mass impact-outburst in the deep, and closely surrounding the key scientific problem of the evolution mechanism of coal-rock flow(gas)-solid coupling mechanical behavior under multi-field conditions, a true triaxial multi-parameter test system for coal and rock containing gas has been developed independently. The test system can fully simulate true three-dimensional stress environment and loading characteristics of coal and rock in the deep. It is hoped that the test system can clarify the mechanical behavior of coal and rock during loading and failure, the spatio-temporal evolution law of acoustic emission and charge induction signals, grasp the mechanism of impact-outburst compound disaster breeding, and establish scientific means of disaster prevention and control. The experiment system consists of 6 sub-systems, i.e. loading-unloading, load-displacement monitoring, methane environment application-monitoring, electric control, acoustic emission and charge induction. It has the characteristics of high-stress, true triaxial, multi dimension, high precision, good stability, multiparameter and multi loading-unloading path. Experiments of coal under different gas pressures, lateral pressure ratio and unloading path are carried out with the system, analysis of total stress-strain curve, acoustic emission and charge induction signal. The results show that the strength of peak and residual, ductility of coal are changed by methane; the anisotropy characteristics gradually weakened with the decrease of lateral pressure ratio; strain developed in the direction of low stress; the lateral pressure ratio and the loading/unloading path are important stress environmental factors influencing mechanical behavior of coal rock. The system provides a reliable experimental basis for the follow-up study of fluid-solid coupling mechanical behavior of coal rock containing methane.
引文
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[19]张希巍,冯夏庭,孔瑞,等.硬岩应力-应变曲线真三轴仪研制关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2629-2640.ZHANG Xi-wei,FENG Xia-ting,KONG Rui,et al.Key technology in development of true triaxial apparatus to determine stress-strain curves for hard rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2629-2640.
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[21]李文鑫,王刚,杜文州,等.真三轴气固耦合煤体渗流试验研究的研制及应用[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):2109-2118.LI Wen-xin,WANG Gang,DU Wen-zhou,et al.Development and application of a true traxial gas-solid coupling testing system for coal seepage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):2109-2118.
[22]叶冠林,盛佳韧,武朝军,等.自动控制真三轴仪的研制及验证[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):382-385.YE Guan-lin,SHENG Jia-ren,WU Chao-jun,et al.Design and verification of automatic true triaxial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(3):382-385.
[23]邵生俊,许萍,邵帅,等.一室四腔刚-柔加载机构真三轴仪的改进与强度试验--西安理工大学真三轴仪[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(9):1575-1582.SHAO Sheng-jun,XU Ping,SHAO Shuai,et al.Improvement and strength testing of true tri-axial apparatus with one chamber and four cells and rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanismTrue triaxial apparatus developed in Xi'an University of Technology[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(9):1575-1582.
[24]章梦涛,潘一山,梁冰,等.煤岩流体力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.ZHANG Meng-tao,PAN Yi-shan,LIANG Bing,et al.Fluid mechanics of coal[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.
[25]丁鑫,肖晓春,吴迪,等.不同加载路径煤岩破裂过程声-电荷复合信号特性[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):359-368.DING Xin,XIAO Xiao-chun,WU Di,et al.Study on compound signal characteristics of acoustic emission and charge induction in coal rock failure under different loading paths[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Supp.2):359-368.
[2]WANG Shu-gang,ELSWORTH D,LIU Ji-shan.Mechanical behavior of methane infiltrated coal:the roles of gas desorption stress level and loading rate[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2013,46(5):945-958.
[3]SI Guang-yao,JAMNIKAR S,LAZAR J,et al.Monitoring and modeling of gas dynamics in multi-level longwall top coal caving of ultra-thick coal seams,partⅠ.Boreholie measurements and a conceptual model for gas emission zones[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2015:144-145,98-110.
[4]SI Guang-yao,SHI Ji-quan,DURUCAN S,et al.Monitoring and modeling of gas dynamics in multi-level longwall top coal caving of ultra-thick coal seams,PartⅡ.Numerical modeling[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2015:144-145,58-70.
[5]谢和平,周宏伟,刘建锋,等.不同开采条件下采动力学行为研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1067-1074.XIE He-ping,ZHOU Hong-wei,LIU Jian-feng,et al,Mining-induced mechanical behavior in coal seams under different mining layouts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1067-1074.
[6]谢和平,张泽天,高峰,等.不同开采方式下煤岩应力场-裂隙场-渗流场行为研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(10):2405-2417.XIE He-ping,ZHANG Ze-tian,GAO Feng,et al.Stress-fracture-seepage field behavior of coal under different mining layouts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(10):2405-2417.
[7]许江,李波波,周婷,等.加卸载条件下煤岩变形特性与渗透特征试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1493-1498.XU Jiang,LI Bo-bo,ZHOU Ting,et al.Experimental study of coal deformation and permeability characteristics under loading-unloading conditions[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1493-1498.
[8]李化敏,王文,熊祖强.采动围岩活动与工作面瓦斯涌出关系[J].采矿与安全学报,2008,25(1):11-16.LI Hua-min,WANG Wen,XIONG Zu-qiang.Relationship between mining induced surrounding rock movement and gas emission in working face[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):11-16.
[9]赵洪宝,李振华,仲淑姮,等.单轴压缩状态下含瓦斯煤岩力学特性试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):131-134.ZHAO Hong-bao,LI Zhen-hua,ZHONG Shu-heng,et al.Experimental study of mechanical prpperties of coal rock containing gas under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(1):131-134.
[10]王涛,王瞾华,刘华博,等.冲击地压后瓦斯异常涌出条件及致灾原因分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):371-376.WANG Tao,WANG Zhao-hua,LIU Hua-bo,et al.Discussion about the mechanism of gas disaster induced by coal bump[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):371-376.
[11]王振,胡千庭,尹光志.瓦斯压力对煤体冲击指标影响的实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(4):516-519.WANG Zhen,HU Qian-ting,YIN Guang-zhi.Experiment research on the burst proneness index of coal treated with gas pressure[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2010,39(4):516-519.
[12]王振,胡千庭,文光才,等.采动应力场分布特征及其对煤岩动力灾害的控制作用分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):623-627.WANG Zhen,HU Qian-ting,WEN Guang-cai,et al.Study on the distribution laws of mining pressure field and its control action on dynamic disasters in coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(4):623-627.
[13]MOGI K.Failure and flow of rocks under high triaxial compression[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76:1255-1269.
[14]尹光志,李铭辉,许江,等.多功能真三轴流固耦合试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(12):2436-2445.YIN Guang-zhi,LI Ming-hui,XU Jiang,et al.A new multi-functional true triaxial fluid-solid coupling experiment system and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(12):2436-2445.
[15]李维树,周火明,钟作武,等.岩体真三轴现场蠕变试验系统研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1636-1641.LI Wei-shu,ZHOU Huo-ming,ZHONG Zuo-wu,et al.Development of rock mass true-triaxial site creep testing system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1636-1641.
[16]李维树,黄书岭,丁秀丽,等.中尺寸岩样真三轴试验系统研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(11):2197-2203.LI Wei-shu,HUANG Shu-ling,DING Xiu-li,et al.Development of true triaxial experimental system for middle sized rock sample and its applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(11):2197-2203.
[17]何浩宇,石露,李小春,等.基于新型茂木式试验机的真三轴试验及加载边界效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):2837-2844.HE Hao-yu,SHI Lu,LI Xiao-chun,et al.True triaxial tests with new mogi-type true true triaxial test apparatus and its loading bound effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Supp.1):2837-2844.
[18]殷建华,周万欢,Md KUMRUZZAMAN,等.新型混合边界真三轴仪加载装置及岩土材料试验结[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):495-499.YIN Jian-hua,ZHOU Wan-quan,Md KUMRUZZAMAN,et al.New mixed boundary true triaxial loading device study on 3-D stress-strain-strength behavior of geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):495-499.
[19]张希巍,冯夏庭,孔瑞,等.硬岩应力-应变曲线真三轴仪研制关键技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2629-2640.ZHANG Xi-wei,FENG Xia-ting,KONG Rui,et al.Key technology in development of true triaxial apparatus to determine stress-strain curves for hard rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2629-2640.
[20]尹立明,郭惟嘉,陈军涛.岩石应力-渗流耦合真三轴试验系统的研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):2820-2826.YIN Li-ming,GUO Wei-jia,CHEN Jun-tao.Development of true triaxial rock test system of coupled stress-seepage and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):2820-2826.
[21]李文鑫,王刚,杜文州,等.真三轴气固耦合煤体渗流试验研究的研制及应用[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):2109-2118.LI Wen-xin,WANG Gang,DU Wen-zhou,et al.Development and application of a true traxial gas-solid coupling testing system for coal seepage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(7):2109-2118.
[22]叶冠林,盛佳韧,武朝军,等.自动控制真三轴仪的研制及验证[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(3):382-385.YE Guan-lin,SHENG Jia-ren,WU Chao-jun,et al.Design and verification of automatic true triaxial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(3):382-385.
[23]邵生俊,许萍,邵帅,等.一室四腔刚-柔加载机构真三轴仪的改进与强度试验--西安理工大学真三轴仪[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(9):1575-1582.SHAO Sheng-jun,XU Ping,SHAO Shuai,et al.Improvement and strength testing of true tri-axial apparatus with one chamber and four cells and rigid-flexible-flexible loading boundary mechanismTrue triaxial apparatus developed in Xi'an University of Technology[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(9):1575-1582.
[24]章梦涛,潘一山,梁冰,等.煤岩流体力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.ZHANG Meng-tao,PAN Yi-shan,LIANG Bing,et al.Fluid mechanics of coal[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.
[25]丁鑫,肖晓春,吴迪,等.不同加载路径煤岩破裂过程声-电荷复合信号特性[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):359-368.DING Xin,XIAO Xiao-chun,WU Di,et al.Study on compound signal characteristics of acoustic emission and charge induction in coal rock failure under different loading paths[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Supp.2):359-368.