油浸式变压器绝缘纸热阻的温度特性
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摘要
建立并优化变压器温度场分析的热路模型,是研究变压器绕组热点温度的重要途径,在完善油浸式变压器热路模型和提高其模型精度过程中,绝缘纸热阻参数的确定尤为关键。针对绝缘纸与紫铜接触界面填充变压器油的情况,通过原子力显微镜观测绝缘纸与紫铜表面微观结构,结合观测数据改进接触热阻模型,计算出了不同温度下油浸绝缘纸与紫铜间的接触热阻。改进了双热流计法,并测试了不同温度下紫铜与油浸绝缘纸的接触热阻。结果表明,在70℃时紫铜与油浸绝缘纸接触热阻计算值为0.000 541 m~2·K/W、实验值为0.000575m~2·K/W,并且随温度升高油浸绝缘纸导热系数减小,紫铜与油浸绝缘纸接触热阻变大,研究中5个温度点的接触热阻实验值与理论值平均误差为6.49%。该研究结果为建立并优化变压器热路模型的等效回路提供数据支持,具有较好的应用价值。
Establishing and optimizing the thermal path model of transformer temperature field is an important way to analyze the hot spot temperature of transformer windings. In the process of improving the thermal path model of oil-immersed transformers and improving the accuracy of their models, the determination of thermal resistance parameters of insulating paper is particularly critical. In order to analyze the case that the insulating paper and the copper contact interface are filled with the transformer oil, we observed the microstructures of insulating paper and copper surface by atomic force microscopy.According to the observation data, the contact thermal resistance model was improved, and the contact thermal resistance between the oil-impregnated insulation paper and the copper at different temperatures was calculated. Therefore, we improved the dual heat flow meter method and tested the contact thermal resistance of copper and oil-impregnated insulation paper at different temperatures. The results show that the thermal resistance of copper and oil-impregnated insulation paper at 70 ℃ is calculated to be 0.000 541 m~2·K/W and is tested to be 0.000 575 m~2·K/W.As the temperature increases, the thermal conductivity of the oil-impregnated insulating paper decreases, and the thermal resistance of the contact between the copper and the oil-impregnated insulating paper becomes large. The average error between the experimental and theoretical values of the contact thermal resistance at five temperature points in the study is 6.49%. The research results provide a data support for establishing and optimizing the equivalent loop of the transformer thermal circuit model, and have good application value.
Establishing and optimizing the thermal path model of transformer temperature field is an important way to analyze the hot spot temperature of transformer windings. In the process of improving the thermal path model of oil-immersed transformers and improving the accuracy of their models, the determination of thermal resistance parameters of insulating paper is particularly critical. In order to analyze the case that the insulating paper and the copper contact interface are filled with the transformer oil, we observed the microstructures of insulating paper and copper surface by atomic force microscopy.According to the observation data, the contact thermal resistance model was improved, and the contact thermal resistance between the oil-impregnated insulation paper and the copper at different temperatures was calculated. Therefore, we improved the dual heat flow meter method and tested the contact thermal resistance of copper and oil-impregnated insulation paper at different temperatures. The results show that the thermal resistance of copper and oil-impregnated insulation paper at 70 ℃ is calculated to be 0.000 541 m~2·K/W and is tested to be 0.000 575 m~2·K/W.As the temperature increases, the thermal conductivity of the oil-impregnated insulating paper decreases, and the thermal resistance of the contact between the copper and the oil-impregnated insulating paper becomes large. The average error between the experimental and theoretical values of the contact thermal resistance at five temperature points in the study is 6.49%. The research results provide a data support for establishing and optimizing the equivalent loop of the transformer thermal circuit model, and have good application value.
引文
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[15]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,1998:33-82.YANG Shimin,TAO Wenshuan.Heat transfer[M].3rd ed.Beijing,China:Higher Education Press,1998:33-82.
[16]王会娟,于会民,张绮,等.变压器油基础油组成与其导热系数的关联性研究[C]∥2010大连润滑油技术经济论坛.大连:[出版者不详],2010:171-177.WANG Huijuan,YU Huimin,ZHANG Qi,et al.Relationship between composition of base oil and thermal conductivity of transformer oil[C]∥2010 Dalian Lubricant Technology and Economy Forum.Dalian,China:[s.n],2010:171-177.
[2]王恩,赵振刚,曹敏,等.基于光纤Bragg光栅的油浸式变压器多点温度监测[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1543-1549.WANG En,ZHAO Zhengang,CAO Min,et al.Multi point temperature monitoring of oil immersed transformer based on fiber Bragg grating[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1543-1549.
[3]贺德华,蔡金锭,蔡嘉.油纸绝缘等效电路参数辨识及老化状态评估[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):1988-1994.HE Dehua,CAI Jinding,CAI Jia.Method for parameter identification of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation and its research[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):1988-1994.
[4]油浸式电力变压器负载导则:GB/T 15164-1994[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers:GB/T15164-1994[S].Beijing,China:China Standard Press,1995.
[5]NORDMAN H,RAFSBACK N T,SUSA D.Temperature responses to step changes in the load current of power transformers[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,2002,22(12):62-62.
[6]NORDMAN M M,LEHTONEN M.An agent concept for managing electrical distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):696-703.
[7]陈伟根,苏小平,周渠,等.基于顶层油温的变压器绕组热点温度计算改进模型[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(5):69-75.CHEN Weigen,SU Xiaoping,ZHOU Qu,et al.An improved dynamic model of transformer hot spot temperature based on top oil temperature[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),2012,35(5):69-75.
[8]王丰华,周翔,高沛,等.基于绕组热分布的改进油浸式变压器绕组热点温度计算模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(3):895-901.WANG Fenghua,ZHOU Xiang,GAO Pei,et al.Improved thermal circuit model of hot spot temperature in oil-immersed transformers based on heat distribution of winding[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(3):895-901.
[9]杨志超,吴奕,王坚,等.一种主变压器热点温度实时计算解析模型[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(11):147-151.YANG Zhichao,WU Yi,WANG Jian,et al.Analytical model for real-time calculating hot-spot temperature of main transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(11):147-151.
[10]KE L,FU R,JU S,et al.Thermal conductivity measuring of solid state materials by steady-state bi-substrate technique[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2008,40(6):853-857.
[11]MADHUSUDANAC V.Thermal contact conductance[M].2rd ed.Switzerland:Springer International Publishing,2014:9-23.
[12]SALGON J J,ROBBE-VALLOIRE F,BLOUET J,et al.A mechanical and geometrical approach to thermal contact resistance[J].International Journal of Heat&Mass Transfer,1997,40(5):1121-1129.
[13]JOHNSON K L.接触力学[M].徐秉业,译.北京:高等教育出版社,1992:96-119.JOHNSON K L.Contact mechanics[M].XU Bingye,translated.Beijing,China:Higher Education Press,1992:96-119.
[14]YOVANOVICH M M.Four decades of research on thermal contact,gap,and joint resistance in microelectronics[J].IEEE Transactions on Components&Packaging Technologies,2005,28(2):182-206.
[15]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,1998:33-82.YANG Shimin,TAO Wenshuan.Heat transfer[M].3rd ed.Beijing,China:Higher Education Press,1998:33-82.
[16]王会娟,于会民,张绮,等.变压器油基础油组成与其导热系数的关联性研究[C]∥2010大连润滑油技术经济论坛.大连:[出版者不详],2010:171-177.WANG Huijuan,YU Huimin,ZHANG Qi,et al.Relationship between composition of base oil and thermal conductivity of transformer oil[C]∥2010 Dalian Lubricant Technology and Economy Forum.Dalian,China:[s.n],2010:171-177.