页岩气测井电性解析及含气性评价——以四川盆地涪陵地区龙马溪组一段—五峰组为例
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摘要
含气性参数是页岩气储层评价的重要指标,但是在2014年国土资源部颁布实施《页岩气资源与储量计算的评价技术规范》后的四川盆地涪陵地区龙马溪组一段—五峰组页岩气勘探中,发现计算含气性参数时存在3个突出问题:(1)对于中低电阻率(10~50Ω·m)的优质页岩气层,利用电测井信息求取含气饱和度会出现严重偏小的状况;(2)用等温吸附实验直接计算地层吸附气量会出现较大正偏差;(3)如何有效区分总含气量中的游离气和吸附气。因此,进行针对性分析研究,在对高阻和中低电阻率页岩气层、极低阻页岩层电性测井响应特征分析的基础上,全面解析各类页岩气储层测井电阻率的影响因素,改进形成了适应该区的含气性测井评价方法技术。结果表明:(1)利用中子、密度孔隙度及其差值等非电法测井信息计算游离气饱和度,避免了传统计算方法导致的偏差,尤其对于中低电阻率页岩气层,具有更加显著的应用效果;(2)基于岩心实验刻度求取吸附气及游离气含量的计算方法,避开了电信息等非相关性因素的直接影响。
Gas-bearing parameters are important indexes to evaluate shale-gas reservoirs. However, since the Ministry of Land and Resources promulgated the "Specification on the Evaluation Technology for Shale-gas Resources and Reserves Calculation" in 2014, three prominent problems on the parameter calculation have arisen during an exploration of shale gas in Longmaixi 1 Member-Wufeng Formation, Fuling area, Sichuan Basin. First, as for some shale-gas reservoirs with high quality and middle-low resistivity ranging from 10 Ω·m to 50 Ω·m, the gas saturation calculated from electric logging data is much lower than actual saturation. Second, the adsorbed-gas content is relatively positive deviated if it is calculated directly from isothermal adsorption experiments. Third, one effective method to distinguish the difference between free and adsorbed gas among total gas content is needed. So, after analyzing the electric-logging response characteristics for different shale-gas reservoirs with high, middle-low, and low resistivities, the factors affecting these resistivities were comprehensively studied. Moreover, some logging methods to evaluate gas-bearing property were developed. Results show that,(1) the deviation caused by those traditional calculation methods can be avoided if free-gas saturation is achieved from non-electric logging approaches, such as neutron, density porosity or their difference. And these approaches have remarkable effect on shale-gas reservoirs with middle-low resistivity; and(2) by virtue of the adsorbed-and free-gas content calculated from core experiments, the direct influence of non-correlation factors like electric data may be avoided.
Gas-bearing parameters are important indexes to evaluate shale-gas reservoirs. However, since the Ministry of Land and Resources promulgated the "Specification on the Evaluation Technology for Shale-gas Resources and Reserves Calculation" in 2014, three prominent problems on the parameter calculation have arisen during an exploration of shale gas in Longmaixi 1 Member-Wufeng Formation, Fuling area, Sichuan Basin. First, as for some shale-gas reservoirs with high quality and middle-low resistivity ranging from 10 Ω·m to 50 Ω·m, the gas saturation calculated from electric logging data is much lower than actual saturation. Second, the adsorbed-gas content is relatively positive deviated if it is calculated directly from isothermal adsorption experiments. Third, one effective method to distinguish the difference between free and adsorbed gas among total gas content is needed. So, after analyzing the electric-logging response characteristics for different shale-gas reservoirs with high, middle-low, and low resistivities, the factors affecting these resistivities were comprehensively studied. Moreover, some logging methods to evaluate gas-bearing property were developed. Results show that,(1) the deviation caused by those traditional calculation methods can be avoided if free-gas saturation is achieved from non-electric logging approaches, such as neutron, density porosity or their difference. And these approaches have remarkable effect on shale-gas reservoirs with middle-low resistivity; and(2) by virtue of the adsorbed-and free-gas content calculated from core experiments, the direct influence of non-correlation factors like electric data may be avoided.
引文
[1]耿龙祥,曹玉珊.页岩气资源/储量计算与评价技术规范解读[J].非常规油气, 2015, 2(1):10-14.Geng Longxiang&Cao Yushan. Interprefation of the calculation and evaluation of Shale Gas Resources/Reserves[J]. Unconventional Oil&Gas, 2015, 2(1):10-14.
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[3]赵军龙,李甘,朱广社,韩永林,李传浩,陈守民.低阻油层成因机理及测井评价方法综述[J].地球物理学进展, 2011, 26(4):1334-1343.Zhao Junlong, Li Gan, Zhu Guangshe, Han Yonglin, Li Chuanhao&ChenShoumin.Reviewofloggingevaluatingmethod and contributing factors or mechanism on low resistivity reservoirs[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2011, 26(4):1334-1343.
[4]龙鹏宇,张金川,姜文利,聂海宽,唐玄,韩双彪,等.渝页1井储层孔隙发育特征及其影响因素分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 43(10):3954-3963.LongPengyu,ZhangJinchuan,JiangWenli,NieHaikuan,Tang Xuan, Han Shuangbiao, et al. Analysis on pores forming features and its influence factors of reservoir well Yuye-1[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012, 43(10):3954-3963.
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[7] Cluff B&Miller M. Log evaluation of gas shale:A 35-year perspective[R]. Denver:Denver Well Logging Society, 2010.
[8]周功才,赵永刚.水平井中的感应电阻率测井响应特征及应用[J].天然气工业, 2009, 29(6):40-42.Zhou Gongcai&Zhao Yonggang. Response characteristics and applicationofinductionresistivitylogginginthehorizontal wells[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(6):40-42.
[9]中国石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2006.Exploration and Production Company of PetroChina. The logging interpretation method and technique to low resistivity oilgas reservoir[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2006.
[10]唐宇.探测和分析黄铁矿对现代测井技术的影响[J].测井信息技术, 2005, 18(6):45-51.Tang Yu.Detectingandanalyzingtheinfluenceofpyriteon modern well logging technology[J]. Well Logging Technology,2005, 18(6):45-51.
[11]徐思煌,朱义清.烃源岩有机碳含量的测井响应特征与定量预测——以珠江口盆地文昌组烃源岩为例[J].石油实验地质, 2010, 32(3):290-295.Xu Sihuang&Zhu Yiqing. Well logs response and prediction model of organic carbon content in source rocks:A case study from the source rock of Wenchang formation in the Pearl Mouth basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment, 2010, 32(3):290-295.
[12]杨小兵,张树东,张志刚,刘静,邓霞.低阻页岩气储层的测井解释评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2015,42(6):692-699.Yang Xiaobing, Zhang Shudong, Zhang Zhigang, Liu Jing&Deng Xia. Logging interpretation and evaluation of low resistivity shale gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition), 2015, 42(6):692-699.
[13] Kethireddy N, Heidari Z&Chen HY. Quantifying the effect of kerogen on electrical resistivity measurements in organic-rich sourcerocks[C]//SPWLA54th AnnualLoggingSymposium,22-26 June, 2013, New Orleans, Louisiana. New Orleans, Louisiana:Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts, 2013.
[14]李军,路箐,李争,武清钊,南泽宇.页岩气储层“四孔隙”模型建立及测井定量表征方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2014, 35(2):266-271.Li Jun, Lu Jing, Li Zheng, Wu Qingzhao&Nan Zeyu.'Fourpore'modeling and its quantitative logging description of shale gas reservoir[J]. Oil&Gas Geology, 2014, 35(2):266-271.
[15]石文睿,张超谟,张占松,肖世匡,石元会,任元.涪陵页岩气田焦石坝页岩气储层含气量测井评价[J].测井技术,2015, 39(3):357-362.Shi Wenrui, Zhang Chaomo, Zhang Zhansong, Xiao Shikuang,Shi Yuanhui&Ren Yuan. Log evaluation of gas content from Jiaoshiba shale gas reservoir in Fuling gas field[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2015, 39(3):357-362.
[16]林腊梅,张金川,韩双彪,朱亮亮.泥页岩储层等温吸附测试异常探讨[J].油气地质与采收率, 2012, 19(6):30-32.LinLamei,ZhangJinchuan,HanShuangbiao&ZhuLiangliang.Discussiononabnormaladsorptiontestofshalereservoir[J].PetroleumGeologyandRecoveryEfficiency,2012,19(6):30-32.
[17]张作清,孙建孟,龚劲松,夏志林.页岩气储层含气量计算模型研究[J].岩性油气藏, 2015, 27(6):5-14.Zhang Zuoqing, Sun Jianmeng, Gong Jingsong&Xia Zhilin.Gas content calculation model of shale gas reservoir[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015, 27(6):5-14.
[2]杨小兵,杨争发,谢冰,谢刚,张志刚.页岩气储层测井解释评价技术[J].天然气工业, 2012, 32(9):33-36.Yang Xiaobing, Yang Zhengfa, Xie Bing, Xie Gang&Zhang Zhigang. Log interpretation and evaluation of shale gas reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2012, 32(9):33-36.
[3]赵军龙,李甘,朱广社,韩永林,李传浩,陈守民.低阻油层成因机理及测井评价方法综述[J].地球物理学进展, 2011, 26(4):1334-1343.Zhao Junlong, Li Gan, Zhu Guangshe, Han Yonglin, Li Chuanhao&ChenShoumin.Reviewofloggingevaluatingmethod and contributing factors or mechanism on low resistivity reservoirs[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2011, 26(4):1334-1343.
[4]龙鹏宇,张金川,姜文利,聂海宽,唐玄,韩双彪,等.渝页1井储层孔隙发育特征及其影响因素分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 43(10):3954-3963.LongPengyu,ZhangJinchuan,JiangWenli,NieHaikuan,Tang Xuan, Han Shuangbiao, et al. Analysis on pores forming features and its influence factors of reservoir well Yuye-1[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012, 43(10):3954-3963.
[5]唐洪明.矿物岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2007.Tang Hongming. Mineral petrology[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2007.
[6]齐宝权,杨小兵,张树东,曹蓁.应用测井资料评价四川盆地南部页岩气储层[J].天然气工业, 2011, 31(4):44-47.Qi Baoquan, Yang Xiaobin, Zhang Shudong&Cao Zhen. Logging evaluation of shale gas reservoirs in the southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2011, 31(4):44-47.
[7] Cluff B&Miller M. Log evaluation of gas shale:A 35-year perspective[R]. Denver:Denver Well Logging Society, 2010.
[8]周功才,赵永刚.水平井中的感应电阻率测井响应特征及应用[J].天然气工业, 2009, 29(6):40-42.Zhou Gongcai&Zhao Yonggang. Response characteristics and applicationofinductionresistivitylogginginthehorizontal wells[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2009, 29(6):40-42.
[9]中国石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2006.Exploration and Production Company of PetroChina. The logging interpretation method and technique to low resistivity oilgas reservoir[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2006.
[10]唐宇.探测和分析黄铁矿对现代测井技术的影响[J].测井信息技术, 2005, 18(6):45-51.Tang Yu.Detectingandanalyzingtheinfluenceofpyriteon modern well logging technology[J]. Well Logging Technology,2005, 18(6):45-51.
[11]徐思煌,朱义清.烃源岩有机碳含量的测井响应特征与定量预测——以珠江口盆地文昌组烃源岩为例[J].石油实验地质, 2010, 32(3):290-295.Xu Sihuang&Zhu Yiqing. Well logs response and prediction model of organic carbon content in source rocks:A case study from the source rock of Wenchang formation in the Pearl Mouth basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment, 2010, 32(3):290-295.
[12]杨小兵,张树东,张志刚,刘静,邓霞.低阻页岩气储层的测井解释评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2015,42(6):692-699.Yang Xiaobing, Zhang Shudong, Zhang Zhigang, Liu Jing&Deng Xia. Logging interpretation and evaluation of low resistivity shale gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition), 2015, 42(6):692-699.
[13] Kethireddy N, Heidari Z&Chen HY. Quantifying the effect of kerogen on electrical resistivity measurements in organic-rich sourcerocks[C]//SPWLA54th AnnualLoggingSymposium,22-26 June, 2013, New Orleans, Louisiana. New Orleans, Louisiana:Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts, 2013.
[14]李军,路箐,李争,武清钊,南泽宇.页岩气储层“四孔隙”模型建立及测井定量表征方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2014, 35(2):266-271.Li Jun, Lu Jing, Li Zheng, Wu Qingzhao&Nan Zeyu.'Fourpore'modeling and its quantitative logging description of shale gas reservoir[J]. Oil&Gas Geology, 2014, 35(2):266-271.
[15]石文睿,张超谟,张占松,肖世匡,石元会,任元.涪陵页岩气田焦石坝页岩气储层含气量测井评价[J].测井技术,2015, 39(3):357-362.Shi Wenrui, Zhang Chaomo, Zhang Zhansong, Xiao Shikuang,Shi Yuanhui&Ren Yuan. Log evaluation of gas content from Jiaoshiba shale gas reservoir in Fuling gas field[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2015, 39(3):357-362.
[16]林腊梅,张金川,韩双彪,朱亮亮.泥页岩储层等温吸附测试异常探讨[J].油气地质与采收率, 2012, 19(6):30-32.LinLamei,ZhangJinchuan,HanShuangbiao&ZhuLiangliang.Discussiononabnormaladsorptiontestofshalereservoir[J].PetroleumGeologyandRecoveryEfficiency,2012,19(6):30-32.
[17]张作清,孙建孟,龚劲松,夏志林.页岩气储层含气量计算模型研究[J].岩性油气藏, 2015, 27(6):5-14.Zhang Zuoqing, Sun Jianmeng, Gong Jingsong&Xia Zhilin.Gas content calculation model of shale gas reservoir[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015, 27(6):5-14.