扬子地区下古生界页岩气储层低阻成因分析及测井评价
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摘要
为解决扬子地区页岩气勘探开发中出现的储层异常低电阻现象,提高测井评价的准确性,研究页岩气储层低阻的形成原因及机制。首先对低阻页岩气储层的地质及测井响应特征分析,结合岩心资料,完善页岩气储层低电阻率的成因;然后通过对扬子地区页岩气储层测井资料的处理,分析储层低阻的成因机制。结果表明,造成页岩储层低阻主要包括6个因素:较高黏土含量,过成熟有机质,高黄铁矿含量,高地层水矿化度,发育差的储层物性及优良的地质条件。实际地层的低阻成因是由于多种因素共同作用的结果,而且不同地区、不同储层影响因素不同,需要分析相应地质、测井及岩心资料,利用邻井对比和上下层段对比的方法判断储层低阻的主要成因,有利于准确识别含气层段,提高测井解释评价的精确度。
To resolve the problem of abnormal low resistivity in shale gas reservoirs in the process of shale gas exploration and development in Yangtze region,and to improve the accuracy of logging evaluation,the formation mechanisms of low resistivity of shale gas reservoirs are studied. Firstly,through the analysis of geology and logging response characteristics of low resistivity shale gas reservoirs,in combination with core data,the causes of low resistivity are inferred. Then,using the actual shale gas reservoir logging data obtained in Yangtze region,the causes of the low resistivity are analyzed. The mechanisms of low resistivity include six factors: high clay content,over-mature organic matter,high pyrite content,high degree mineralization of water,poor development of reservoir properties and excellent geological conditions. These factors intervene with each other,and work together. In different regions and reservoirs,the main controlling factors are different. By comparing adjacent wells and differences in the upper and lower intervals,it helps to identify the main causes of the low resistivity and to improve the accuracy of logging interpretation evaluation.
To resolve the problem of abnormal low resistivity in shale gas reservoirs in the process of shale gas exploration and development in Yangtze region,and to improve the accuracy of logging evaluation,the formation mechanisms of low resistivity of shale gas reservoirs are studied. Firstly,through the analysis of geology and logging response characteristics of low resistivity shale gas reservoirs,in combination with core data,the causes of low resistivity are inferred. Then,using the actual shale gas reservoir logging data obtained in Yangtze region,the causes of the low resistivity are analyzed. The mechanisms of low resistivity include six factors: high clay content,over-mature organic matter,high pyrite content,high degree mineralization of water,poor development of reservoir properties and excellent geological conditions. These factors intervene with each other,and work together. In different regions and reservoirs,the main controlling factors are different. By comparing adjacent wells and differences in the upper and lower intervals,it helps to identify the main causes of the low resistivity and to improve the accuracy of logging interpretation evaluation.
引文
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[16]王道富,王玉满,董大忠,等.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩储集空间定量表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):1-10.WANG Daofu,WANG Yuman,DONG Dazhong,et al.Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale, Southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(7):1-10.
[17]王玉满,董大忠,程相志,等.海相页岩有机质碳化的电性证据及其地质意义:以四川盆地南部地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩为例[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):1-7.WANG Yuman,DONG Dazhong,CHENG Xiangzhi,et al. Electric property evidences of the carbonification of organic matters in marine shales and its geologic significance:a case of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):1-7.
[18]王濡岳,冷济高,丁文龙,等.上扬子地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组优质页岩储层测井识别:以贵州岑巩页岩气区块为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(12):2395-2407.WANG Ruyue,LENG Jigao,DING Wenlong,et al,Logging identification of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang shale gas reservoir in Upper Yangtze region:a case study of the Cengong block,Guizhou Province[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(12):2395-2407.
[19]中国石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[20]罗瑞,查明,何皓,等.南堡凹陷古近系泥页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):23-33.LUO Rui,ZHA Ming,HE Hao,et al. Characteristics of pore structures in Paleogene shales in Nanpu Sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(2):23-33.
[2]王香增.陆相页岩气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014.
[3]孙建孟.基于新“七性”关系的煤层气、页岩气测井评价[J].测井技术,2013,37(5):457-465.SUN Jianmeng. Coal bed methane and shale gas evaluation based on new seven related logging goals[J]. Well Logging Technology,2013,37(5):457-465.
[4]张晋言,孙建孟.利用测井资料评价泥页岩油气“五性”指标[J].测井技术,2012,36(2):146-153.ZHANG Jinyan,SUN Jianmeng. Log evaluation on shale hydrocarbon reservoir[J]. Well Logging Technology,2012,36(2):146-153.
[5]张作清,郑炀,孙建孟.页岩气评价“六性关系”研究[J].油气井测试,2013,22(1):65-70.ZHANG Zuoqing,ZHENG Yang,SUN Jianmeng."Six parameter relationship"study of shale gas reservoir[J].Well Testing,2013,22(1):65-70.
[6]罗水亮,许辉群,刘洪,等.柴达木盆地台南气田低阻气藏成因机理及测井评价[J].天然气工业,2014,34(7):41-45.LUO Shuiliang,XU Huiqun,LIU Hong,et al. Genetic mechanism and logging evaluation of low-resistivity gas reservoir in the Tainan Gas Field,eastern Qaidam Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(7):41-45.
[7]郭振华,赵彦超.大牛地气田致密砂岩气藏低阻气层成因分析[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(3):16-17,272-275.GUO Zhenhua,ZHAO Yanchao. Genetic analysis on low resistivity gas zones of tight sandstone reservoir in Daniudi Gas Field[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007,29(3):16-17,272-275.
[8]闫磊,谭守强,潘保芝,等.低阻油层成因机理及测井评价方法:以港北南翼区块馆陶组为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(6):1456-1462.YAN Lei,TAN Shouqiang,PAN Baozhi,et al. Genetic mechanism and logging evaluation method for low resistivity reservoir:taking Guantao Formation of Gangbei Area for instance[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(6):1456-1462.
[9]杨小兵,张树东,张志刚,等.低阻页岩气储层的测井解释评价[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(6):692-699.YANG Xiaobing,ZHANG Shudong,ZHANG Zhigang,et al. Logging interpretation and evaluation of low resistivity shale gas reservoir[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2015,42(6):692-699.
[10]洪有密.测井原理与综合解释[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993.
[11] PASSEY Q R,MORETTI F J,KULLA J B,et al. Practical model for organic richness from porosity and resistivity logs[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(12):1777-1794.
[12]黄涛.页岩岩芯复电阻率实验室测试分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016.HUANG Tao. Complex resistivity of shale core laboratory testing and analysis[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2016.
[13] KETHIREDDY N,CHEN H,HEIDARI Z. Quantifying the effect of kerogen on resistivity measurements in organic-rich mud rocks[J]. Petrophysics,2014,55(2):136-146.
[14]张建坤,何生,颜新林,等.页岩纳米级孔隙结构特征及热成熟演化[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):11-24.ZHANG Jiankun,HE Sheng,YAN Xinlin,et al. Structural characteristics and thermal evolution of nanoporosity in shales[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(1):11-24.
[15]《页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书》编委会.北美地区页岩气勘探开发新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
[16]王道富,王玉满,董大忠,等.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩储集空间定量表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(7):1-10.WANG Daofu,WANG Yuman,DONG Dazhong,et al.Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale, Southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(7):1-10.
[17]王玉满,董大忠,程相志,等.海相页岩有机质碳化的电性证据及其地质意义:以四川盆地南部地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩为例[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):1-7.WANG Yuman,DONG Dazhong,CHENG Xiangzhi,et al. Electric property evidences of the carbonification of organic matters in marine shales and its geologic significance:a case of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Shale in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):1-7.
[18]王濡岳,冷济高,丁文龙,等.上扬子地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组优质页岩储层测井识别:以贵州岑巩页岩气区块为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(12):2395-2407.WANG Ruyue,LENG Jigao,DING Wenlong,et al,Logging identification of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang shale gas reservoir in Upper Yangtze region:a case study of the Cengong block,Guizhou Province[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(12):2395-2407.
[19]中国石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[20]罗瑞,查明,何皓,等.南堡凹陷古近系泥页岩孔隙结构特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(2):23-33.LUO Rui,ZHA Ming,HE Hao,et al. Characteristics of pore structures in Paleogene shales in Nanpu Sag[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2016,40(2):23-33.