新乡及邻区三维地壳速度结构
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摘要
应用区域地震台网1981-2011年的地震到时资料,对新乡及邻区地壳三维速度结构和震源参数进行了联合反演,获得了该区地壳的三维速度结构图像.结果显示:0~4 km深度层位的速度分布基本反映出了研究区浅部地形的分布特征,凹陷盆地速度低,山脉位于速度的过渡区,隆起区多位于高速区,横向速度分布差异较大;其余各深度层速度横向分布存在非均匀性,与地形分布特征也存在着一定的联系;速度剖面整体显示区域地壳可以分为上、中、下三个分层,上地壳速度横向变化较小;中、下地壳的界面速度横向起伏变化较大,局部地区呈现上隆或凹陷状;根据速度的分布差异,以及所勾画的深部断裂的轮廓展布,对该区的深部构造有了较深认识:汤西断裂、汤东断裂显示错断较深,倾角较陡,有延伸到中地壳底部的趋势;郑州-开封断裂带、新乡-商丘断裂,与人工地震剖面相同位置处及地质剖面有着较好的对应.
Based on the joint inversion of 3D crustal velocity structure and focal parameters in Xinxiang and its adjacent areas when applying arriving time data in 1981-2011,we obtained three-dimensional(3D)crustal velocity structural images.Results shows that the velocity distribution in the range of 0~4 km depth describe characteristics in the shallow part—the velocity in sag basin is low;mountains are in the velocity transition region;the uplift area is mostly in highvelocity area;lateral velocity distribution vary a lot;other layers' lateral velocity distribution is heterogeneity,being related with the topographical distribution.By means of velocity profile,the crust in the study area could be divided into three layers—upper,middle and lower.For the lateral velocity change,it vary less in the upper mantle while more in the middle and lower mantle interface,rising or sagging in local areas.According to the velocity distribution difference and contour of the deep fault, we get a comprehensive understanding of this area's deep structure.There is deep leaps in Tangxi and Tangdong faults where the dip is steep,extending to the bottom of the middle crust.ZhengzhouKaifeng fault and Xinxiang—Shangqiu fault have a good corresponding with the same place on the artificial seismic profile and geological profile.
Based on the joint inversion of 3D crustal velocity structure and focal parameters in Xinxiang and its adjacent areas when applying arriving time data in 1981-2011,we obtained three-dimensional(3D)crustal velocity structural images.Results shows that the velocity distribution in the range of 0~4 km depth describe characteristics in the shallow part—the velocity in sag basin is low;mountains are in the velocity transition region;the uplift area is mostly in highvelocity area;lateral velocity distribution vary a lot;other layers' lateral velocity distribution is heterogeneity,being related with the topographical distribution.By means of velocity profile,the crust in the study area could be divided into three layers—upper,middle and lower.For the lateral velocity change,it vary less in the upper mantle while more in the middle and lower mantle interface,rising or sagging in local areas.According to the velocity distribution difference and contour of the deep fault, we get a comprehensive understanding of this area's deep structure.There is deep leaps in Tangxi and Tangdong faults where the dip is steep,extending to the bottom of the middle crust.ZhengzhouKaifeng fault and Xinxiang—Shangqiu fault have a good corresponding with the same place on the artificial seismic profile and geological profile.
引文
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Cui Z X,Pei S P.2009.Study on Pn velocity and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and surrounding regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(9):2245-2254.
Ding Z F.1999.Theory and Applications of Local earthquake tomography(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration.
Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.2002.Three dimensional finitedifference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustal in north China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),45(3):362-369.
Guo B,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.2009.Teleseismic P-wave tomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshan area,west Sichuan[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):346-355.
Haslinger F,Kissling E,Ansorge J,et al.1999.3D crustal structurefrom local earthquake tomography around the Gulf of Arta(Ionian region,NW Greece)[J].Tectonophysics,304(3):201-218.
Hu H X,Chen X B,Zhang B X,et al.1986.On the interpretation of the DDS data of Suixian-Anyang profile in central China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),8(1):37-49.
Hu J F,Zhang Z J,Z H,et al.1996.The 3-D shear wave velocity structure of lithospheve beneath the plateau of Nei Mongol and its adjacent regions of China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),11(4):20-33.
Huang J I,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.2001.Seismic tomography of the Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),44(Z1):127-135.
Jia S X,Liu C Q.1991.Interpretation of Heze-Changzhi DSS profile in south of the basin in North China[J].North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),9(2):l1-20.
Li Q H,Zhang Y S,Kim S G.2007.3-D crustal velocity tomography in the southern Korean Peninsula[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(4):1073-1081.
Li Y H,W u Q J,Tian X B,et al.2009.Crustal structure in the Yunnan region determined by modeling receiver functions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(1):67-80.
Liu F T,Qu K X,Wu H,et al.1989.Seismic tomography of the Chinese continent and adjacent region[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),32(3):281-291.
Liu J H,Xu Y,Hao T Y,et al.2005.Three dimensional velocity structure feature in the crust and upper mantle beneath Chinese marginal seas and adjacent regions[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(3):594-599.
Ren Q F,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.1998.The Crust-mantle structure and seismic risk in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),14(2):157-166.
Song Z H,An C Q,Chen G Y,et al.1991.Study on 3D velocity structure and anisotropy beneath the west China from the Love wave despersion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),34(6):694-707.
Wang Z S,Wang C Y,Zeng R S,et al.2008.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structures beneath north China and its vicinity[J].CT Theory and Applications(in Chinese),74(2):15-27.
Wei W B,Ye G F,Jin S,et al.2007.Three dimensional P-wave velocity structure of the crust of north China[J].Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),32(4):441-452.
Wu J P,Huang Y,Zhang T Z,et al.2009.Aftershock distribution of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and three dimensional Pwave velocity structure in and around source region[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):320-328.
Xin H L,Fang S M,Zhang Y S,et al.2011a.3-D crustal velocity structure in the An Yang and its adjacent regions[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(5):1535-1543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.005.
Xin H L,Fang S M,Li W.2011b.Relocation of earthquakes in the area of Yubei and adjacent region with double difference location algorithm[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamic(in Chinese),31(6):63-68.
Xin H L,Fang S M,Fan J C,et al.2012.Focal mechanism solution and stress field inversion of small and moderate earthquakes in north Henan and its adjacent region[J].Journal of Seismologica Research(in Chinese),35(2):184-189.
Yang F,Huang J I,Yang T.2010.Upper mantle structure beneath the Chinese capital region from teleseismic finite-frequency tomography[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(8):1806-1816,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.006.
Yang Z X,Duan Y H,Wang F Y,et al.2009.Tomographic determination of the deep earthquake faults in Yinchuan basin by using three-dimensional seismic transmission technology[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(8):2026-2034.
Zhang X M,Yang W C,Zhao D P,et al.2012.Upper mantle seismic tomography under Taihangshang tectonic belt and areas at its east[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),86(3):371-382.
Zhang Y S,Zhou M D,Rong D L,et al.2004.3-D velocity structure in the central-eastern part of Qilianshan[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),26(3):247-255.
Zhao D P.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,146(1-2):3-34.
Zheng J C,Gu J P,Zhang Y S.2007.Combined Inversion of the upper crust 3-D velocity structure in north China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(6):1706-1714.
Zhou M D,Zhang Y S,Shi Y L,et al.2006.Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(1):127-134.
崔仲雄,裴顺平.2009.青藏高原东构造结及周边地区上地幔顶部Pn速度结构和各向异性研究[J].地球物理学报,52(9):2245-2254.
丁志峰.1999.近震层析成像的理论及应用[M].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所.
段永红,张先康,方盛明.2002.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,45(3):362-369.
郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉,等.2009.川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像[J].地球物理学报,52(2):346-355.
胡鸿翔,陈学波,张碧秀,等.1986.中国中原地区随县-安阳剖面深地震测深资料的解释[J].地震学报,8(1):37-49.
胡家富,张中杰,张慧,等.1996.中国内蒙古高原及周边地带岩石圈三维速度结构[J].地球物理学进展,11(4):20-33.
黄金莉,赵大鹏,郑斯华.2001.川滇活动构造区地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,44(Z1):127-135.
嘉世旭,刘昌铨.1991.华北裂谷盆地南部菏泽—长治地震测深剖面结果解释[J].华北地震科学,9(2):11-20.
李清河,张元生,Kim S G.2007.朝鲜半岛南部三维地壳速度结构成像[J].地球物理学报,50(4):1073-1081.
李永华,吴庆举,田小波,等.2009.用接收函数方法研究云南及其邻区地壳上地幔结构[J].地球物理学报,52(1):67-80.
刘福田,曲克信,吴华,等.1989.中国大陆及其邻近地区的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,32(3):281-291.
刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧,等.2005.中国边缘海及邻区地壳和上地幔速度结构特征[J].地球物理学进展,20(3):594-599.
任青芳,张先康,张成科,等.1998.汤阴地堑及邻区的壳幔结构与地震危险性[J].中国地震,14(2):157-166.
宋仲和,安昌强,陈国英,等.1991.中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性[J].地球物理学报,34(6):694-707.
王志铄,王椿镛,曾融生,等.2008.华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像[J].CT理论与应用研究,74(2):15-27.
魏文博,叶高峰,金胜,等.2007.华北地区地壳P波三维速度结构[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,32(4):441-452.
吴建平,黄媛,张天中,等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):320-328.
莘海亮,方盛明,张元生,等.2011a.安阳及邻区三维地壳速度结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,26(5):1535-1543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.005.
莘海亮,方盛明,李稳.2011b.豫北及邻区地震双差法重新定位研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,31(6):63-68.
莘海亮,方盛明,樊计昌,等.2012.豫北及邻区中小地震震源机制解及应力场反演[J].地震研究,35(2):184-189.
杨峰,黄金莉,杨挺.2010.应用远震有限频率层析成像反演首都圈上地幔速度结构[J].地球物理学报,53(8):1806-1816,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.006.
杨卓欣,段永红,王夫运,等.2009.银川盆地深地震断层的三维透射成像[J].地球物理学报,52(8):2026-2034
张学民,杨文采,赵大鹏,等.2012.太行山构造带及其以东地区上地幔地震层析成像[J].地质学报,86(3):371-382.
张元生,周民都,荣代潞,等.2004.祁连山中东段地区三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,26(3):247-255.
郑建常,顾瑾平,张元生.2007.联合反演研究华北地区三维速度结构[J].地球物理学进展,22(6):1706-1714.
周民都,张元生,石雅鏐,等.2006.青藏高原东北缘地壳三维速度结构[J].地球物理学进展,21(1):127-134.
Beghoul N,Barazangi M.1989.Mapping high Pn velocity beneath the Colorado Plateau constrains uplift models[J].J.Geophys.Res.,94(B6):7083-7104.
Cui Z X,Pei S P.2009.Study on Pn velocity and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and surrounding regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(9):2245-2254.
Ding Z F.1999.Theory and Applications of Local earthquake tomography(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration.
Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.2002.Three dimensional finitedifference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustal in north China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),45(3):362-369.
Guo B,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.2009.Teleseismic P-wave tomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshan area,west Sichuan[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):346-355.
Haslinger F,Kissling E,Ansorge J,et al.1999.3D crustal structurefrom local earthquake tomography around the Gulf of Arta(Ionian region,NW Greece)[J].Tectonophysics,304(3):201-218.
Hu H X,Chen X B,Zhang B X,et al.1986.On the interpretation of the DDS data of Suixian-Anyang profile in central China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),8(1):37-49.
Hu J F,Zhang Z J,Z H,et al.1996.The 3-D shear wave velocity structure of lithospheve beneath the plateau of Nei Mongol and its adjacent regions of China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),11(4):20-33.
Huang J I,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.2001.Seismic tomography of the Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic regions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),44(Z1):127-135.
Jia S X,Liu C Q.1991.Interpretation of Heze-Changzhi DSS profile in south of the basin in North China[J].North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),9(2):l1-20.
Li Q H,Zhang Y S,Kim S G.2007.3-D crustal velocity tomography in the southern Korean Peninsula[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(4):1073-1081.
Li Y H,W u Q J,Tian X B,et al.2009.Crustal structure in the Yunnan region determined by modeling receiver functions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(1):67-80.
Liu F T,Qu K X,Wu H,et al.1989.Seismic tomography of the Chinese continent and adjacent region[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),32(3):281-291.
Liu J H,Xu Y,Hao T Y,et al.2005.Three dimensional velocity structure feature in the crust and upper mantle beneath Chinese marginal seas and adjacent regions[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(3):594-599.
Ren Q F,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.1998.The Crust-mantle structure and seismic risk in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area[J].Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),14(2):157-166.
Song Z H,An C Q,Chen G Y,et al.1991.Study on 3D velocity structure and anisotropy beneath the west China from the Love wave despersion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),34(6):694-707.
Wang Z S,Wang C Y,Zeng R S,et al.2008.Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structures beneath north China and its vicinity[J].CT Theory and Applications(in Chinese),74(2):15-27.
Wei W B,Ye G F,Jin S,et al.2007.Three dimensional P-wave velocity structure of the crust of north China[J].Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),32(4):441-452.
Wu J P,Huang Y,Zhang T Z,et al.2009.Aftershock distribution of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and three dimensional Pwave velocity structure in and around source region[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):320-328.
Xin H L,Fang S M,Zhang Y S,et al.2011a.3-D crustal velocity structure in the An Yang and its adjacent regions[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(5):1535-1543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.005.
Xin H L,Fang S M,Li W.2011b.Relocation of earthquakes in the area of Yubei and adjacent region with double difference location algorithm[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamic(in Chinese),31(6):63-68.
Xin H L,Fang S M,Fan J C,et al.2012.Focal mechanism solution and stress field inversion of small and moderate earthquakes in north Henan and its adjacent region[J].Journal of Seismologica Research(in Chinese),35(2):184-189.
Yang F,Huang J I,Yang T.2010.Upper mantle structure beneath the Chinese capital region from teleseismic finite-frequency tomography[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(8):1806-1816,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.08.006.
Yang Z X,Duan Y H,Wang F Y,et al.2009.Tomographic determination of the deep earthquake faults in Yinchuan basin by using three-dimensional seismic transmission technology[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(8):2026-2034.
Zhang X M,Yang W C,Zhao D P,et al.2012.Upper mantle seismic tomography under Taihangshang tectonic belt and areas at its east[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),86(3):371-382.
Zhang Y S,Zhou M D,Rong D L,et al.2004.3-D velocity structure in the central-eastern part of Qilianshan[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),26(3):247-255.
Zhao D P.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,146(1-2):3-34.
Zheng J C,Gu J P,Zhang Y S.2007.Combined Inversion of the upper crust 3-D velocity structure in north China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(6):1706-1714.
Zhou M D,Zhang Y S,Shi Y L,et al.2006.Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(1):127-134.
崔仲雄,裴顺平.2009.青藏高原东构造结及周边地区上地幔顶部Pn速度结构和各向异性研究[J].地球物理学报,52(9):2245-2254.
丁志峰.1999.近震层析成像的理论及应用[M].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所.
段永红,张先康,方盛明.2002.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,45(3):362-369.
郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉,等.2009.川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像[J].地球物理学报,52(2):346-355.
胡鸿翔,陈学波,张碧秀,等.1986.中国中原地区随县-安阳剖面深地震测深资料的解释[J].地震学报,8(1):37-49.
胡家富,张中杰,张慧,等.1996.中国内蒙古高原及周边地带岩石圈三维速度结构[J].地球物理学进展,11(4):20-33.
黄金莉,赵大鹏,郑斯华.2001.川滇活动构造区地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,44(Z1):127-135.
嘉世旭,刘昌铨.1991.华北裂谷盆地南部菏泽—长治地震测深剖面结果解释[J].华北地震科学,9(2):11-20.
李清河,张元生,Kim S G.2007.朝鲜半岛南部三维地壳速度结构成像[J].地球物理学报,50(4):1073-1081.
李永华,吴庆举,田小波,等.2009.用接收函数方法研究云南及其邻区地壳上地幔结构[J].地球物理学报,52(1):67-80.
刘福田,曲克信,吴华,等.1989.中国大陆及其邻近地区的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,32(3):281-291.
刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧,等.2005.中国边缘海及邻区地壳和上地幔速度结构特征[J].地球物理学进展,20(3):594-599.
任青芳,张先康,张成科,等.1998.汤阴地堑及邻区的壳幔结构与地震危险性[J].中国地震,14(2):157-166.
宋仲和,安昌强,陈国英,等.1991.中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性[J].地球物理学报,34(6):694-707.
王志铄,王椿镛,曾融生,等.2008.华北及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度结构的地震走时层析成像[J].CT理论与应用研究,74(2):15-27.
魏文博,叶高峰,金胜,等.2007.华北地区地壳P波三维速度结构[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,32(4):441-452.
吴建平,黄媛,张天中,等.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):320-328.
莘海亮,方盛明,张元生,等.2011a.安阳及邻区三维地壳速度结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,26(5):1535-1543,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.005.
莘海亮,方盛明,李稳.2011b.豫北及邻区地震双差法重新定位研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,31(6):63-68.
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