栽培模式对设施短程栽培番茄生长及果实品质的影响
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摘要
为实现设施番茄短程栽培模式标准化,在兼光型植物工厂条件下,研究栽培方法和摘心位置对短程栽培番茄植株形态和果实品质影响。试验采用3种栽培方法为岩棉培(R)、椰糠培(C)和水培(H),2种摘心位置为2穗摘心(D)和3穗摘心(T),全因子试验设计,6组处理,统计分析植株生长和果实品质指标,综合评价并获取最优栽培模式。结果表明,不同栽培方法对茎粗、叶面积、产量指标和果实品质指标影响极显著(P<0.01);摘心位置对叶数、叶面积、坐果数和单株产量影响极显著(P<0.01),对茎粗影响显著(P<0.05),对果实品质无显著影响;两因素交互作用对株高影响极显著(P<0.01)。椰糠培3穗摘心处理组综合评分表现最佳,该栽培模式下植株生长健壮,果实产量和品质优良。研究可为设施番茄短程栽培优质高产提供依据。
In order to achieve high efficiency and standardized management of greenhouse tomatoes, short-time cultivation mode was adopted to investigate the effect of cultivation method and node-order pinching on plant morphologies and fruit qualities. In this study, tomato plants(Solanum lycopersicom L. Brilliance 201) were grown in a simultaneous-light pattern greenhouse. The experiments were designed for full-factorial design with three cultivation methods(coconut coir, rockwool and hydroponics) and two node-order pinching levels(double-truss pinching and triple-truss pinching). A suitable combination of cultivation method and node-order pinching was further obtained by using comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that cultivation method extremely influenced stem diameter, leaf areas, yield parameters and fruit qualities(P<0.01); node-order pinching had extremely significant effect on numbers of leaves, leaf areas, fruit numbers per plant and grain weight per plant(P<0.01) and had significant effect on stem diameter(P<0.05), while it had less effect on fruit qualities; the interaction of such two factors had extremely significant effect on plant height(P<0.01). The combination of coconut coir and triple-truss pinching performed best in both production and fruit qualities by using comprehensive evaluation method. This study provided scientific guidance for high yield and superior qualities of greenhouse tomatoes grown with short-time cultivation mode.
In order to achieve high efficiency and standardized management of greenhouse tomatoes, short-time cultivation mode was adopted to investigate the effect of cultivation method and node-order pinching on plant morphologies and fruit qualities. In this study, tomato plants(Solanum lycopersicom L. Brilliance 201) were grown in a simultaneous-light pattern greenhouse. The experiments were designed for full-factorial design with three cultivation methods(coconut coir, rockwool and hydroponics) and two node-order pinching levels(double-truss pinching and triple-truss pinching). A suitable combination of cultivation method and node-order pinching was further obtained by using comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that cultivation method extremely influenced stem diameter, leaf areas, yield parameters and fruit qualities(P<0.01); node-order pinching had extremely significant effect on numbers of leaves, leaf areas, fruit numbers per plant and grain weight per plant(P<0.01) and had significant effect on stem diameter(P<0.05), while it had less effect on fruit qualities; the interaction of such two factors had extremely significant effect on plant height(P<0.01). The combination of coconut coir and triple-truss pinching performed best in both production and fruit qualities by using comprehensive evaluation method. This study provided scientific guidance for high yield and superior qualities of greenhouse tomatoes grown with short-time cultivation mode.
引文
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[13]申宝营,李毅念,赵三琴,等.暗期补光对黄瓜幼苗形态调节效果及综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):201-208.
[14]Abukhovich A,KobryńJ.Yield and changes in the fruit quality of cherry tomato grown on the cocofibre and rockwool slabs used for the second time[J].Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus,2010,9(4):93-98.
[15]于龙凤,李富恒,安福全,等.番茄不同节位叶片形态特征与干物质含量关系[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(6):58-62.
[16]Halmann E,KobryńJ.Yield and quality of cherry tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum var.Cerasiforme)cultivated on rockwool and cocofibre[J].Acta Horticulturae,2003,614:693-697.
[17]Gertsson U E,Hansson I,Waechter-Kristensen B,et al.Tomato grown in circulating nutrient solution using rockwool and as hydroponics[J].Acta Horticulturae,1994,361:237-244.
[18]王佳佳,彭廷,张静,等.不同根际溶解氧质量浓度对生育中后期水稻根系和抗氧化酶活性影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2016,50(6):720-725.
[19]Schroeder F G,Knaack H.Gas concentration in the root zone of cucumber grown in different substrates[J].Acta Horticulturae,2007,761:493-500.
[20]蔡东升,李建明,樊翔宇,等.基质栽培营养液氮磷钾补充水平对番茄养分吸收及产量品质影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(1):7-14.
[21]王平,栾非时.温室番茄不同留果穗数干物质积累及其产量研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(5):546-549.
[22]王强,贝丽柯孜·阿西木,麦麦提·牙森,等.温室番茄源库协调下冠层光分布特征及群体光合生产研究[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(5):823-829.
[2]叶林,张光弟,李建设,等.密植矮化对日光温室秋茬番茄生长及产量影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(2):162-164.
[3]鈴木克己,水上宏二,土屋和,など.トマト低段密植栽培の二次育苗における徒長抑制と果実収量について[J].園芸学研究,2011,10:183-189.
[4]Maboko M M,Plooy C P D,Chiloane S.Effect of plant population,fruit and stem pruning on yield and quality of hydroponically grown tomato[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2011,6(22):5144-5148.
[5]Saha U K,Papadopoulos A P,Hao X,et al.Irrigation strategies for greenhouse tomato production on rockwool[J].Hortscience A Publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science,2008,43(2):593-600.
[6]刘学军.岩棉理化特性及其在无土栽培中应用[J].中国蔬菜,1992,1(增1):62-65.
[7]陈海生.基于叶水势樱桃番茄设施栽培逆境适应性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[8]许艺,李新旭,杨哲,等.密度动态调整对长季节栽培番茄生长发育和产量影响[J].长江蔬菜,2016(18):55-59.
[9]徐刚,张昌伟,李德翠,等.温室番茄光合生产和干物质积累模型的建立[J].内蒙古农业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(3):171-176.
[10]Wu M,Kubota C.Effects of electrical conductivity of hydroponic nutrient solution on leaf gas exchange of five greenhouse tomato cultivars[J].Horttechnology,2008,18(2):271-277.
[11]Nurzyńki J,Jarosz Z,Micha?ojc'Z.Yielding and chemical composition of greenhouse tomato fruit grown on straw or rockwool substrate[J].Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus,2012,11(3):79-89.
[12]Li Y L,Stanghellini C.Analysis of the effect of EC and potential transpiration on vegetative growth of tomato[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2001,89(1):9-21.
[13]申宝营,李毅念,赵三琴,等.暗期补光对黄瓜幼苗形态调节效果及综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):201-208.
[14]Abukhovich A,KobryńJ.Yield and changes in the fruit quality of cherry tomato grown on the cocofibre and rockwool slabs used for the second time[J].Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus,2010,9(4):93-98.
[15]于龙凤,李富恒,安福全,等.番茄不同节位叶片形态特征与干物质含量关系[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(6):58-62.
[16]Halmann E,KobryńJ.Yield and quality of cherry tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum var.Cerasiforme)cultivated on rockwool and cocofibre[J].Acta Horticulturae,2003,614:693-697.
[17]Gertsson U E,Hansson I,Waechter-Kristensen B,et al.Tomato grown in circulating nutrient solution using rockwool and as hydroponics[J].Acta Horticulturae,1994,361:237-244.
[18]王佳佳,彭廷,张静,等.不同根际溶解氧质量浓度对生育中后期水稻根系和抗氧化酶活性影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2016,50(6):720-725.
[19]Schroeder F G,Knaack H.Gas concentration in the root zone of cucumber grown in different substrates[J].Acta Horticulturae,2007,761:493-500.
[20]蔡东升,李建明,樊翔宇,等.基质栽培营养液氮磷钾补充水平对番茄养分吸收及产量品质影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2017,48(1):7-14.
[21]王平,栾非时.温室番茄不同留果穗数干物质积累及其产量研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(5):546-549.
[22]王强,贝丽柯孜·阿西木,麦麦提·牙森,等.温室番茄源库协调下冠层光分布特征及群体光合生产研究[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(5):823-829.