~(60)Co-γ射线对不同品种澳洲坚果萌动种子的诱变效应
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摘要
【目的】拓宽澳洲坚果种质资源的遗传基础,创新澳洲坚果育种方法。【方法】采用剂量率为10 Gy/h的~(60)Co-γ射线对4个澳洲坚果主栽品种的萌动种子进行辐照处理,剂量梯度为10、25、40、55、70、85、100、115和130 Gy。【结果】~(60)Co-γ射线辐照对澳洲坚果萌动种子的发芽势均有明显的抑制效应,辐照剂量越高,萌动种子的发芽时间越晚、发芽速率越慢、发芽率越低;品种间对~(60)Co-γ射线辐照的敏感性存在差异,云澳51最耐受,而云澳58最敏感,云澳57、云澳51、云澳41、云澳58的半致死剂量分别为62.22、81.81、81.14、57.55 Gy。【结论】绝大部分诱变苗均出现了植株矮化和茎干增粗,尤其是分叉增多的现象,具体表现为一粒萌动种子出现双根、或出现双茎、甚至同时出现双根和双茎,部分诱变苗表现为须根减少或主根变短须根增多。
【Objective】The study aimed to broaden the genetic basis of macadamia germplasm resources and innovate breeding methods of macadamia. 【Method】Germinating seed of four macadamia cultivars were irradiated by ~(60)Co-γ ray at 10,25, 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 115 and 130 Gy with the dose rate of 10 Gy/h, and the mutagenic effects were investigated. 【Result】The results indicated that the seed germinations were inhibited by ~(60)Co-γ ray irradiation, and the higher the irradiation dose, the later the germination time, the slower the germination rate and the lower the germination percentage. The irradiation sensitivity among four cultivars were different, the most tolerant cultivar was YunMac 51 and the most sensitive was YunMac 58, the lethal dose to ~(60)Co-γ ray irradiation of YunMac 57, YunMac 51, YunMac 41 and YunMac 58 was 62.22, 81.81, 81.14 and 57.55 Gy, respectively. 【Conclusion】The vast majority of irradiated seedling was dwarfism and stem thickening, especially the increase of branching, which manifested as one seedling with double root, or double stem, and double root and double stem at the same time, the mutagenic effect of some seedling were characterized by the decrease of the fibrous root or shorter taproot with the increase of fibrous root.
【Objective】The study aimed to broaden the genetic basis of macadamia germplasm resources and innovate breeding methods of macadamia. 【Method】Germinating seed of four macadamia cultivars were irradiated by ~(60)Co-γ ray at 10,25, 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 115 and 130 Gy with the dose rate of 10 Gy/h, and the mutagenic effects were investigated. 【Result】The results indicated that the seed germinations were inhibited by ~(60)Co-γ ray irradiation, and the higher the irradiation dose, the later the germination time, the slower the germination rate and the lower the germination percentage. The irradiation sensitivity among four cultivars were different, the most tolerant cultivar was YunMac 51 and the most sensitive was YunMac 58, the lethal dose to ~(60)Co-γ ray irradiation of YunMac 57, YunMac 51, YunMac 41 and YunMac 58 was 62.22, 81.81, 81.14 and 57.55 Gy, respectively. 【Conclusion】The vast majority of irradiated seedling was dwarfism and stem thickening, especially the increase of branching, which manifested as one seedling with double root, or double stem, and double root and double stem at the same time, the mutagenic effect of some seedling were characterized by the decrease of the fibrous root or shorter taproot with the increase of fibrous root.
引文
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[8]林丛发.EMS诱导太子参抗性突变体及分子检测[J].核农学报,2014,28(7):1155-1161.
[9]燕晓阳,黄群策,陈雪能.N+注入对不同倍性双胚水稻幼苗生长及酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(2):214-219.
[10]王计平,史华平,张玲慧,等.磁场处理紫苏种子生物学效应[J].核农学报,2013,27(11):1670-1674.
[11]王巍,魏力军,王俊敏,等.空间诱变水稻多蘖矮突变体不同分蘖期蛋白质组研究[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):405-415.
[12]柳觐,孔广红,倪书邦,等.高剂量60Co-γ射线辐照对澳洲坚果种子的诱变及致死效应[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(1):291-295.
[13]孔广红,柳觐,倪书邦,等.澳洲坚果接穗60Co-γ射线辐射诱变育种适宜剂量的研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,27(22):103-108.
[2]Kaijser A,Dutta P,Savage G.Oxidative stability and lipid composition of macadamia nuts grown in New Zealand[J].Food Chemistry,2000,71(1):67-70.
[3]Manohar L G,Robert J B,Ron B H W.Macadamia nut consumption lowers plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic men[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(4):1060-1063.
[4]Mannhar L G,Robert J B,Ron B H W,et al.Macadamia nut consumption modulates favorably risk factors for coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic subjects[J].Lipids,2007,42(6):583-587.
[5]孔广红,马静,柳觐,等.澳洲坚果‘O.C’激素促脱高效采收技术研究[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(2):399-403.
[6]贺熙勇,倪书邦.世界澳洲坚果种质资源与育种概况[J].中国南方果树,2008,37(2):34-38.
[7]贺熙勇,陶丽,倪书邦,等.15个澳洲坚果品种在云南的产量及品质[J].热带作物学报,2009,30(10):1399-1407.
[8]林丛发.EMS诱导太子参抗性突变体及分子检测[J].核农学报,2014,28(7):1155-1161.
[9]燕晓阳,黄群策,陈雪能.N+注入对不同倍性双胚水稻幼苗生长及酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(2):214-219.
[10]王计平,史华平,张玲慧,等.磁场处理紫苏种子生物学效应[J].核农学报,2013,27(11):1670-1674.
[11]王巍,魏力军,王俊敏,等.空间诱变水稻多蘖矮突变体不同分蘖期蛋白质组研究[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):405-415.
[12]柳觐,孔广红,倪书邦,等.高剂量60Co-γ射线辐照对澳洲坚果种子的诱变及致死效应[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(1):291-295.
[13]孔广红,柳觐,倪书邦,等.澳洲坚果接穗60Co-γ射线辐射诱变育种适宜剂量的研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,27(22):103-108.