畜禽养殖废弃物市场化困境及破解对策——基于四川邛崃的实践
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摘要
[目的]畜禽养殖废弃物已成为我国农村环境的首要污染源,但其本身是一项较好的农业资源,环境污染与资源浪费并存,政府和学者们皆提出"市场运作"思想,而当前畜禽养殖废弃物市场化利用水平低、市场化进程慢。通过选取我国畜禽养殖废弃物市场化作为研究对象,探究畜禽养殖废弃物市场化困境,结合四川邛崃的成功实践,提出推进畜禽养殖废弃物市场化的政策建议,实现资源化利用,减少农业面源污染。[方法]文章主要采用规范与实证相结合的方法,以市场经济学理论内容为研究框架,剖析当前畜禽养殖废弃物市场化困境,结合四川邛崃的实证分析提供经验借鉴,并提出政策建议。[结果]畜禽养殖废弃物市场运作面临较大困境:市场主体缺位;相关产品的市场价值低、供求脱节、价格扭曲、市场制度匮乏等,严重制约畜禽养殖废弃物的市场化利用。[结论]面对环境污染与资源浪费的矛盾,畜禽养殖废弃物的市场化是行之有效的途径,但目前其市场化还处于萌芽、摸索阶段,应加强政府引导,科学界定相关环境产权,明确责权利;培育多元化市场参与主体,建立与完善畜禽养殖废弃物市场体系;积极探索多种市场运作模式等,实现畜禽废弃物资源化利用,加快推进面源污染的防治。
Livestock and poultry wastes have become the largest source of agricultural non-point source pollution in China now. However they are also good agricultural resources. Obviously the environmental pollution and the waste of resources coexist. Both the government and scholars have put forward the " market operation" thought. But the current market utilization level of livestock and poultry farming wastes is low. And the marketization process is slow. Taking the marketization of livestock and poultry wastes in China as the research object,this research explores the market dilemma of livestock and poultry wastes. And by combining with the successful practice in Qionglai city of Sichuan province in Southwest of China,it put forward policy suggestions to promote the marketization of livestock and poultry wastes,so as to achieve resource utilization and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution. Taking the market economy theories as the research framework,this research mainly adopted the method of combining normative and empirical evidence,and analyzed deeply the current market dilemma of livestock and poultry wastes,so as to provide experience and reference value based on Qionglai city of Sichuan province in Southwest of China. The market operation is confronted with great difficulties,such as the absence of the market subjects,the low market value of the related products,the disconnection between supply and demand,the distortion of price,the lack of market system,and so on,which are the serious constraints in the market-oriented utilization of livestock and poultry wastes. In the face of the contradiction between environmental pollution and waste of resources,marketization of livestock and poultry wastes is an effective way,but the marketization of livestock and poultry wastes is still in the embryonic stage,so policy suggestions are put forward as follows. Scientifically define property rights of the environmental pollution in livestock and poultry wastes and clear power and responsibilities;cultivate new business subjects and encourage the diversification of the participants in the Market in livestock and poultry wastes; establish and perfect the market system,develop the related market of livestock and poultry farming waste management,and promote the structural reform of the supply side; strengthen policy guidance,perfect the government compensation mechanism and realize the effective allocation of livestock and poultry waste market resources; explore various marketing modes according to the local conditions. Thus the resource utilization of livestock and poultry wastes will be realized and the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution will be sped up.
Livestock and poultry wastes have become the largest source of agricultural non-point source pollution in China now. However they are also good agricultural resources. Obviously the environmental pollution and the waste of resources coexist. Both the government and scholars have put forward the " market operation" thought. But the current market utilization level of livestock and poultry farming wastes is low. And the marketization process is slow. Taking the marketization of livestock and poultry wastes in China as the research object,this research explores the market dilemma of livestock and poultry wastes. And by combining with the successful practice in Qionglai city of Sichuan province in Southwest of China,it put forward policy suggestions to promote the marketization of livestock and poultry wastes,so as to achieve resource utilization and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution. Taking the market economy theories as the research framework,this research mainly adopted the method of combining normative and empirical evidence,and analyzed deeply the current market dilemma of livestock and poultry wastes,so as to provide experience and reference value based on Qionglai city of Sichuan province in Southwest of China. The market operation is confronted with great difficulties,such as the absence of the market subjects,the low market value of the related products,the disconnection between supply and demand,the distortion of price,the lack of market system,and so on,which are the serious constraints in the market-oriented utilization of livestock and poultry wastes. In the face of the contradiction between environmental pollution and waste of resources,marketization of livestock and poultry wastes is an effective way,but the marketization of livestock and poultry wastes is still in the embryonic stage,so policy suggestions are put forward as follows. Scientifically define property rights of the environmental pollution in livestock and poultry wastes and clear power and responsibilities;cultivate new business subjects and encourage the diversification of the participants in the Market in livestock and poultry wastes; establish and perfect the market system,develop the related market of livestock and poultry farming waste management,and promote the structural reform of the supply side; strengthen policy guidance,perfect the government compensation mechanism and realize the effective allocation of livestock and poultry waste market resources; explore various marketing modes according to the local conditions. Thus the resource utilization of livestock and poultry wastes will be realized and the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution will be sped up.
引文
[1]李文哲,徐名汉,李晶宇.畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用技术发展分析.农业机械学报,2013,44(5):135-142.
[2] Samira Z.. Evaluation of biogas potential from livestock manures and rural wastes using GIS in Iran. Renewable Energy,2017,1-20.
[3] Li F.,Cheng S.,Yu H.,Yang D.,et al. Waste from livestock and poultry breeding and assessment of biogas energy in rural China. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016(126):451-460.
[4]薛念涛.畜禽污染防治现状与趋势的文献计量分析.农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):429-434.
[5]陈宗胜,周云波.加速市场化进程推进经济体制转型.天津社会科学,2001(3):55-58.
[6]邵丹丹.刍议公益市场化的困境与突破.中央民族大学学报,2015,42(S1):77-82.
[7]张曙光,赵农.市场化及其测度.经济研究,2000(10):73-77.
[8]张帆,曾铮.技术标准与市场要素的关联研究———理论假说以及基于VAR模型的经验分析.科学学研究,2009,27(6):846-852.
[9]姜海,雷昊,白璐,等.不同类型地区畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式选择———以江苏省太湖地区为例.资源科学,2015,37(12):2430-2440.
[10]仇焕广,莫海霞,白军飞,等.中国农村畜禽粪便处理方式及其影响因素———基于五省调查数据的实证分析.中国农村经济,2012(3):78-87.
[11]刘雪芬,杨志海,王雅鹏.畜禽养殖户生态认知及行为决策研究———基于山东、安徽等6省养殖户的实地调研.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(10):169-176.
[12]宋涛.政治经济学教程.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2016.
[13]何可,张俊飚,蒋磊.生物质资源减碳化利用需求及影响机理实证研究———基于SEM模型分析方法和TAM理论分析框架.资源科学,2013,35(8):1635-1642.
[14]杜江,罗珺.我国农业面源污染的经济成因透析.中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(4):22-27.
[15]孙若梅.畜禽养殖废弃物管理的生态经济研究.生态经济,2014,30(12):93-103.
[16]宾幕容.基于新制度经济学视角的我国畜禽养殖污染分析.湖南社会科学,2015(5):147-152.
[17]韩冬梅,金书秦,沈贵银,等.畜禽养殖污染防治的国际经验与借鉴.世界农业,2013(409):8-12.
[18]北京日报.厉以宁谈产权:没有产权界定就谈不上市场经济. http://www. jiaodong. net/news/system/2013/12/02/012113454. shtml. 2013,12.
[19]鞠昌华,芮菡艺,朱琳,等.我国畜禽养殖污染分区治理研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):62-69.
(1)数据来源于中华人民共和国农业农村部官方网站
(2)数据来源于中华人民共和国环境保护部官方网站
(1)第一财经日报.院士:中国耕地不到世界10%耗掉全球化肥总量1/3.http://finance.ifeng.com/news/special/2013lianghui/20130314/7769956.shtml
[2] Samira Z.. Evaluation of biogas potential from livestock manures and rural wastes using GIS in Iran. Renewable Energy,2017,1-20.
[3] Li F.,Cheng S.,Yu H.,Yang D.,et al. Waste from livestock and poultry breeding and assessment of biogas energy in rural China. Journal of Cleaner Production,2016(126):451-460.
[4]薛念涛.畜禽污染防治现状与趋势的文献计量分析.农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):429-434.
[5]陈宗胜,周云波.加速市场化进程推进经济体制转型.天津社会科学,2001(3):55-58.
[6]邵丹丹.刍议公益市场化的困境与突破.中央民族大学学报,2015,42(S1):77-82.
[7]张曙光,赵农.市场化及其测度.经济研究,2000(10):73-77.
[8]张帆,曾铮.技术标准与市场要素的关联研究———理论假说以及基于VAR模型的经验分析.科学学研究,2009,27(6):846-852.
[9]姜海,雷昊,白璐,等.不同类型地区畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式选择———以江苏省太湖地区为例.资源科学,2015,37(12):2430-2440.
[10]仇焕广,莫海霞,白军飞,等.中国农村畜禽粪便处理方式及其影响因素———基于五省调查数据的实证分析.中国农村经济,2012(3):78-87.
[11]刘雪芬,杨志海,王雅鹏.畜禽养殖户生态认知及行为决策研究———基于山东、安徽等6省养殖户的实地调研.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(10):169-176.
[12]宋涛.政治经济学教程.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2016.
[13]何可,张俊飚,蒋磊.生物质资源减碳化利用需求及影响机理实证研究———基于SEM模型分析方法和TAM理论分析框架.资源科学,2013,35(8):1635-1642.
[14]杜江,罗珺.我国农业面源污染的经济成因透析.中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(4):22-27.
[15]孙若梅.畜禽养殖废弃物管理的生态经济研究.生态经济,2014,30(12):93-103.
[16]宾幕容.基于新制度经济学视角的我国畜禽养殖污染分析.湖南社会科学,2015(5):147-152.
[17]韩冬梅,金书秦,沈贵银,等.畜禽养殖污染防治的国际经验与借鉴.世界农业,2013(409):8-12.
[18]北京日报.厉以宁谈产权:没有产权界定就谈不上市场经济. http://www. jiaodong. net/news/system/2013/12/02/012113454. shtml. 2013,12.
[19]鞠昌华,芮菡艺,朱琳,等.我国畜禽养殖污染分区治理研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):62-69.
(1)数据来源于中华人民共和国农业农村部官方网站
(2)数据来源于中华人民共和国环境保护部官方网站
(1)第一财经日报.院士:中国耕地不到世界10%耗掉全球化肥总量1/3.http://finance.ifeng.com/news/special/2013lianghui/20130314/7769956.shtml