宁夏扬黄灌区玉米畦灌水肥耦合试验研究
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摘要
为了提高宁夏扬黄灌区玉米灌溉技术,针对宁夏扬黄灌区激光平地条件下玉米大田灌溉缺乏相关灌溉、施肥制度的问题,采用大田小区对比试验方法,开展了激光平地、玉米畦灌水肥耦合制度试验研究。在综合分析玉米生育期土壤含水率变化、耗水量、作物产量、水分生产效率的基础上,研究提出了玉米全生育期畦灌灌水定额1 350~1 500 m3/hm~2,灌溉定额5 400~5 550 m3/hm~2,纯N、P2O5、K2O施肥量608~675 kg/hm~2(其中N含量占55.5%、P2O5占26.7%、K2O占17.8%),分4次在灌水前施肥的灌溉、施肥制度。玉米大田畦灌产量达到15 000 kg/hm~2以上,水分生产效率达到2.0 kg/m3以上。
In order to improve maize irrigation technology in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, the field experiment of Datian plot was carried out to solve the lack of irrigation and fertilization system problems of maize field irrigation with the laser controlled land leveling. Based on a comprehensive analysis of changes in soil moisture content, water consumption,crop yield and water production efficiency during the maize growth period, a quota of 1 350 to 1 500 m3/hm~2 for the fertigation irrigation period of corn and the irrigation quota of 5 400 to 5 550 m3/hm~2 was proposed. The fertilization amount was from 608 to 675 kg/hm~2. Before fertilization, they were divided into four times. Maize field irrigation yield reached more than 15 000 kg/hm~2 and the water production efficiency reached over 2.0 kg/m3.
In order to improve maize irrigation technology in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, the field experiment of Datian plot was carried out to solve the lack of irrigation and fertilization system problems of maize field irrigation with the laser controlled land leveling. Based on a comprehensive analysis of changes in soil moisture content, water consumption,crop yield and water production efficiency during the maize growth period, a quota of 1 350 to 1 500 m3/hm~2 for the fertigation irrigation period of corn and the irrigation quota of 5 400 to 5 550 m3/hm~2 was proposed. The fertilization amount was from 608 to 675 kg/hm~2. Before fertilization, they were divided into four times. Maize field irrigation yield reached more than 15 000 kg/hm~2 and the water production efficiency reached over 2.0 kg/m3.
引文
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[2]刘学军,王乐,张红玲,等.宁夏扬黄灌区玉米限额补充灌溉制度研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012(6):30-33.
[3]汤英,李金娟,韩小龙,等.宁夏中部干旱带覆膜沟灌玉米灌溉制度研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(3):9-13.
[4]李真朴,刘学军,翟汝伟,等.宁夏半干旱区玉米滴灌灌溉制度试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017(5):242-246.
[5]张建保,周立华,孟超,等.覆膜玉米节水灌溉制度试验研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2008(3):39-41.
[6]孙建书,陈天伟.宁夏河套引黄灌区(银北部分)主要作物畦灌节水型灌溉制度的确定[J].人民黄河,l998(增刊):32-35.
[7]田德龙,郭克贞,鹿海员,等.基于渠井双灌条件下的玉米灌溉制度优化[J].节水灌溉,2013(2):60-63.
[8]胡志桥,田霄鸿,张久东,等.石羊河流域主要作物的需水量及蓄水规律的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011(2):1-5.
[9]Loua Ko Koly Augustin.基于GIS和CR O PWAT的内蒙古河套灌区作物最优灌溉制度研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.