畦灌变量表施尿素条件下水肥运动模拟
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摘要
针对畦灌传统表施方式下施肥分布不均的现象,开展了不同变量表施条件下水肥运动模拟以制定合理灌水施肥方案,以提高灌水施肥质量。以畦灌的地表水流运动方程、溶质运移的对流-弥散方程为基础,建立畦灌表施尿素条件下地表水流中溶质浓度变化模型,根据该模型拟合变量参数计算尿素随水入渗量,对3种不同表施条件下(直线递减型、抛物线递减型、均匀分布型)水肥运动进行模拟,并分析其规律。结果表明:尿素浓度与入渗时间的幂函数模型相关参数受地表撒施分布规律影响,初始浓度变化越大,参数变化幅度越大;不同表施尿素条件下施肥均匀性:直线递减型>均匀分布型>抛物线递减型。表施方式对畦灌水肥运动有显著影响,可通过制定适宜的变量撒施方式提高灌水施肥质量。
Simulation of water and fertilizer movement in different conditions of variable urea application rate was carried out. The equation of surface flow motion and the convection-dispersion equation of solute transport were used as the govern equation to establish a model to simulate the movement of soil water and fertilizer under border irrigation. Using this model, the movements of 3 different top applications(straight line-decreasing type, parabola-decreasing type and uniform type) were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the power function model parameters between the concentration of urea and infiltration time were affected by the distribution of urea, the larger the initial concentration changes, the larger the parameters change; the fertilization uniformity of the 3 different top applications was followed the order of straight line-decreasing type> uniform type> parabola-decreasing type. Therefore, the type of top application had significant influence on the movement of water and fertilizer; the straight line-decreasing type could get ideal fertilization quality.
Simulation of water and fertilizer movement in different conditions of variable urea application rate was carried out. The equation of surface flow motion and the convection-dispersion equation of solute transport were used as the govern equation to establish a model to simulate the movement of soil water and fertilizer under border irrigation. Using this model, the movements of 3 different top applications(straight line-decreasing type, parabola-decreasing type and uniform type) were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the power function model parameters between the concentration of urea and infiltration time were affected by the distribution of urea, the larger the initial concentration changes, the larger the parameters change; the fertilization uniformity of the 3 different top applications was followed the order of straight line-decreasing type> uniform type> parabola-decreasing type. Therefore, the type of top application had significant influence on the movement of water and fertilizer; the straight line-decreasing type could get ideal fertilization quality.
引文
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[2]Wu Y.Chemical fertilizer use efficiency and its determinants in China’s farming sector[J].China Agricultural Economic Review,2011,3(2):117-130.
[3]史常亮,朱俊峰,栾江.农户化肥施用技术效率及其影响因素分析-基于4省水稻种植户的调查数据[J].农林经济管理学报,2015,14(03):234-242.
[4]田艳,马友华,胡宏祥,等.农田土壤中氮的环境指标研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(07):142-147.
[5]白美健,许迪,李益农.冬小麦表施尿素畦灌下土壤水氮分布试验研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(10):1254-1260.
[6]李久生,李蓓,饶敏杰,等.地面灌溉技术参数对氮素运移分布影响的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(6):51-55.
[7]章少辉,许迪,李益农,等.一维畦灌施肥地表水流与溶质运移耦合模型-Ⅰ.模型建立[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):189-195.
[8]章少辉,许迪,李益农,等.一维畦灌施肥地表水流与溶质运移耦合模型-Ⅱ.模型验证[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):196-202.
[9]章少辉,许迪,李益农,等.灌溉施肥地表水流与溶质运移模拟研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(3):124-128.
[10]李志新,许迪,李益农,等.基于特征线法的畦灌施肥地表水流溶质运移模型研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,(5):84-87
[11]李志新,许迪,李益农,等.畦灌施肥条件下地表水流溶质运移模型研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(1):147-151,172.
[12]缴锡云,虞晓彬,张仙,等.畦灌表施肥料条件下尿素入渗量估算模型[J].节水灌溉,2013(10):8-10,13.
[13]张仙.畦灌地表水流中尿素运移模型及施肥质量评价[D].南京:河海大学,2011.
[14]雷国庆,樊贵盛.基于WinSRFR的畦灌灌水技术参数的多目标模糊优化[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(08):58-62.
[15]王勇,张建丰,吴文勇,等.表施尿素下引黄畦灌水流中尿素迁移转化规律试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(7):1-5,9.
[16]惠士博,赵卫,张思聪.畦灌水流的零惯量模型[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1994,(02):53-62.
[17]Zerihun D,Furman A,Warrick A,et al.Coupled SurfaceSubsurface Solute Transport Model for Irrigation Borders and Basins.I.Model Development[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2005,131(5):396-406.
[18]Zerihun D,Sanchez C,Furman A,et al.Coupled surfacesubsurface solute transport model for irrigation borders and basins.II.Model evaluation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2005,131(5):407-419.
[19]Abbasi F,Simunek J,Van Genuchten M T,et al.Overland water flow and solute transport:Model development and field-data analysis[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2003,129(2):71-81.
[20]刘懿,缴锡云,张仙,等.表施肥料条件下畦灌地表水流中尿素质量浓度变化规律[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(5):34-37.