U形渠道便携式板柱结合型量水槽水力性能研究
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摘要
针对灌区小型渠道数目多、需测控的断面多、而宜采用的移动式量水设备仍不够完善的问题,借鉴移动式薄板量水槽和圆柱量水槽的优点,设计了一种便携式板柱结合型量水槽,在分析量水槽测流机理的基础上,开展原型试验和数值模拟研究,并应用量纲分析法建立测流公式。结果表明,量水槽具有较好的水位-流量关系,上游壅水高度在1. 85～13. 69 cm之间,临界淹没度在0. 70～0. 91之间,槽前弗汝徳数均小于0. 5;板柱结合型量水槽比现有的圆柱量水槽和带尾翼的圆头量水槽体型小,便携度高,流线分布稍差,上游壅水高度稍大,临界淹没度稍低,但能满足灌区测流要求;量水槽测流精度高,平均测流相对误差为2. 07%。
Flow measurement facilities in channels are the basis for charging agricultural water according to water consumption. Because the number of small channels in irrigation districts is large,there are many sections to be measured. Therefore,mobile flow measurement facilities are recommended to measure the discharge. However,the existing mobile water measuring facilities are still not suitable enough. Combining the advantages of mobile thin plate flumes and cylindrical flumes,a plate-column portable flume was developed. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of flow measurement for the flume,prototype tests and numerical simulations of the plate-column portable flume were carried out.And the flow measurement formula was established by using the dimensional analysis method. The results showed a good relationship between water depth and flow rates in plate-column portable flumes. The upstream backwater height was between 13. 69 cm and 1. 85 cm,the critical submergence was between0. 91 and 0. 70,and the Froude number Fr at the upstream of the plate-column portable flume was less than 0. 5. The plate-column portable flume had a smaller shape than the existing circular flume and the flume with a round head and a empennage,and had a higher portability and a slightly worse streamline distribution; its upstream backwater height was slightly larger and its critical submergence was slightly lower,but that still can meet the requirements of the flow measurement in the irrigation area. The platecolumn portable flume had a high accuracy that the average relative error of which was only 2. 07%,and had the prospect of generalization and application.
Flow measurement facilities in channels are the basis for charging agricultural water according to water consumption. Because the number of small channels in irrigation districts is large,there are many sections to be measured. Therefore,mobile flow measurement facilities are recommended to measure the discharge. However,the existing mobile water measuring facilities are still not suitable enough. Combining the advantages of mobile thin plate flumes and cylindrical flumes,a plate-column portable flume was developed. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of flow measurement for the flume,prototype tests and numerical simulations of the plate-column portable flume were carried out.And the flow measurement formula was established by using the dimensional analysis method. The results showed a good relationship between water depth and flow rates in plate-column portable flumes. The upstream backwater height was between 13. 69 cm and 1. 85 cm,the critical submergence was between0. 91 and 0. 70,and the Froude number Fr at the upstream of the plate-column portable flume was less than 0. 5. The plate-column portable flume had a smaller shape than the existing circular flume and the flume with a round head and a empennage,and had a higher portability and a slightly worse streamline distribution; its upstream backwater height was slightly larger and its critical submergence was slightly lower,but that still can meet the requirements of the flow measurement in the irrigation area. The platecolumn portable flume had a high accuracy that the average relative error of which was only 2. 07%,and had the prospect of generalization and application.
引文
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[2] SUN H,WANG S,HAO X. An improved analytic hierarchy process method for the evaluation of agricultural water management in irrigation districts of North China[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2016,179:324-337.
[3]潘志宝,吕宏兴,张晓斐,等.梯形渠道机翼形量水槽试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(12):97-100.PAN Zhibao,LUHongxing,ZHANG Xiaofei,et al. Experiment on airfoil-shaped measuring flume in trapezoidal canal[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):97-100.(in Chinese)
[4]党平,李进凯,陈金明.农业水价综合改革稳步推进[J].水利发展研究,2018,18(7):1-3,10.DANG Ping,LI Jinkai,CHEN Jinming. Comprehensive reform of agricultural water price has been steadily promoted[J].Water Resources Development Research,2018,18(7):1-3,10.(in Chinese)
[5]楼豫红,康绍忠,崔宁博,等.四川省灌溉管理节水发展水平综合评价模型构建与应用[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):79-89.LOU Yuhong,KANG Shaozhong,CUI Ningbo,et al. Construction and application of comprehensive evaluation model for watersaving development level of irrigation management in Sichuan Province[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(4):79-89.(in Chinese)
[6]杨红玲.超声波流量计在大型灌区测水量水中与流速仪的比较应用研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.YANG Hongling. The comparative application of ultrasonic flowmeter in measuring water quantity in large-scale irrigation area and flowmeter[D]. Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[7]曾红颖.发展的刻度:中国发展水平评价指标体系研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[8]张建云,贺瑞敏,齐晶,等.关于中国北方水资源问题的再认识[J].水科学进展,2013,24(3):303-310.ZHANG Jianyun,HE Ruimin,QI Jing,et al. Re-understanding of water resources in Northern China[J]. Advances in Water Science,2013,24(3):303-310.(in Chinese)
[9]国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于推进农业水价综合改革的意见[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,2016(6):47-50.
[10]戚玉彬,张月云,罗江海.小型U形渠道适宜量水设备浅析[J].中国农村水利水电,2007(12):71-73.QI Yubin,ZHANG Yueyun,LUO Jianghai. Analysis of suitable water measuring equipment for small U-shaped channel[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2007(12):71-73.(in Chinese)
[11]冉聃颉,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.梯形喉口无喉道量水槽水力性能分析[J].水科学进展,2018,29(2):236-244.RAN Danjie,WANG Wene,HU Xiaotao,et al. Hydraulic performance analysis of a trapezoidal throat throat-free measuring flume[J]. Advances in Water Science,2018,29(2):236-244.(in Chinese)
[12]吴景社,朱风书,康绍忠,等. U形渠道适宜量水设施及标准化研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2004,23(2):38-41.WU Jingshe,ZHU Fengshu,KANG Shaozhong,et al. Study on the suitable water measuring facilities and standardization for U-shaped channels[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2004,23(2):38-41.(in Chinese)
[13]杨士红,韩金旭,彭世彰,等. U形渠道流速分布特性分析与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(11):92-96.YANG Shihong,HAN Jinxu,PENG Shizhang,et al. Analysis and experiment of distribution properties and its application of velocity in U-shaped open channel[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(11):92-96. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20121117&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 11. 017.(in Chinese)
[14] U形渠道量水设备试验研究课题组. U形渠道平底抛物线形量水槽的研究[J].陕西水利,1990(4):16-19.
[15]吕宏兴,朱晓群,张春娟,等. U形渠道抛物线形喉口式量水槽选型与设计[J].灌溉排水学报,2001,20(2):55-57.LUHongxing,ZHU Xiaoqun,ZHANG Chunjuan,et al. Selection and design of parabolic throat measuring flume for U-shaped channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2001,20(2):55-57.(in Chinese)
[16]张志昌,张宗孝,刘亚菲. U形渠道直壁槽式量水堰的试验研究与应用[J].陕西水利,1992(1):27-32.
[17]吕宏兴,刘焕芳,朱晓群,等.机翼形量水槽的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(9):119-123.LUHongxing,LIU Huanfang,ZHU Xiaoqun,et al. Experimental study on wing-shaped measuring flume[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(9):119-123.(in Chinese)
[18]尚民勇. U形长喉道量水槽的试验研究及其应用[J].陕西水利,1991(3):41-44.
[19]邢光华,段小五.三角剖面堰在U形渠道的应用[J].陕西水利,1989(2):28-31.
[20]王时龙,陈新明. U形渠道半圆柱形量水槽水力特性研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(2):169-172.WANG Shilong,CHEN Xinming. Hydraulic characteristics of semi-cylindrical measuring flume with U-shaped channel[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2017(2):169-172.(in Chinese)
[21]王长德.量水技术与设施[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[22]韩俊马.超声和激光结合的实时在线测流技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2015.HAN Junma. Research on real-time on-line flow measurement technology by combining ultrasound and laser[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[23]郭蓉蓉.明渠便携式超声波测流技术的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.GUO Rongrong. Research on portable ultrasound flow measurement technology in open channel[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2017.(in Chinese)
[24]朱风书,马孝义,朱晓群,等. U形渠道抛物线形移动式量水堰板研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):36-40.ZHU Fengshu,MA Xiaoyi,ZHU Xiaoqun,et al. Study on parabolic mobile weir plate for U-shaped channel[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2002,18(3):36-40.(in Chinese)
[25] PERUGINELLI A,BONACCI F. Mobile prisms for flow measurement in rectangular channels[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1997,123(3):170-174.
[26] HAGER W H. Modified Venturi channel[J]. Journal of Irrigation&Drainage Engineering,1985,111(1):19-35.
[27]何武全,王玉宝,蔡明科. U形渠道圆柱体量水槽研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(5):573-577.HE Wuquan,WANG Yubao,CAI Mingke. Cylindrical measuring flume of U-shaped channel[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(5):573-577.(in Chinese)
[28]刘嘉美,王文娥,胡笑涛. U形渠道圆头量水柱试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(11):98-100.LIU Jiamei,WANG Wen'e,HU Xiaotao. Experimental study on circular head measuring water column of U-shaped channel[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower,2014(11):98-100.(in Chinese)
[29]刘英,王文娥,胡笑涛,等. U形渠道圆头量水柱测流影响因素试验及模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):97-106.LIU Ying,WANG Wen'e,HU Xiaotao,et al. Experiment and simulation of influencing factors of flow measurement with round head in U-shaped channel[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(19):97-106.(in Chinese)
[30] FERRO V. Simple flume with a central baffle[J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2016,52:53-56.
[31] HAGER W H. Venturi flume of minimum space requirements[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1988,114(2):226-243.
[32] HAGER W H,PIERRE-ANDRED. Discharge characteristics of local,discontinuous contractions[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research,1987,23(5):421-433.
[33] ANDREAS K,HAGER W H. Mobile flume for pipe flow[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1997,123(1):19-23.
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