等离子熔覆NiCr-Cr_3C_2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的研究
|
摘要
目的研究碳化铬含量及磨损载荷力对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,探究不同磨损载荷下的磨损机制。方法采用5种Ni55和NiCr-Cr_3C_2的混合粉末(Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%),通过等离子熔覆技术制备金属基复合涂层。采用XRD、SEM对涂层物相进行检测分析,使用Rtec万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层表面进行不同载荷下的摩擦磨损性能测试。对涂层组织、摩擦系数、磨损体积及磨损表面微观形貌进行对比分析,探究碳化铬的含量以及摩擦载荷对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果 NiCr-Cr_3C_2在熔覆过程中发生熔化,XRD测得涂层中的碳化物主要以Cr_7C_3为主,其他主要物相包括Cr_3C_2、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_5B_3、Ni_3Si。复合涂层的硬度及耐磨性能随着碳化铬含量的增加而增大,硬度最高达1500HV以上,耐磨性是基体Q235的2～16倍。当磨损载荷低于80 N时,主要发生磨粒磨损;当磨损载荷为100 N时,主要发生粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,其中S5的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损。结论加入碳化铬,随着碳化铬含量增加,复合涂层的耐磨性不断提高,并且随着磨损载荷的增大,涂层磨损机制发生转变。
The work aims to study the effects of chromium carbide content and wear load on wear resistance of the composite coating and the wear mechanisms under different loads. Metal composite coatings were fabricated with Ni-based(Ni55)mixed powder with NiCr-Cr_3C_2 mass fraction of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by plasma transferred arc(PTA) cladding technology. The phase compositions of these coatings were detected and analyzed by XRD and SEM and the wear resistance under different loads was tested by Rtec universal friction and wear tester. The microstructures, friction coefficient, wear body and wear surface morphologies of the coatings were analyzed by comparison to study the effects of chromium carbide content and wear load on wear resistance of the composite coating. NiCr-Cr_3C_2 was melted during cladding. By XRD, the carbide in the coating mainly consisted of Cr_7C_3 and other main phases included Cr_3C_2, Cr_(23)C_6, Cr_5B_3 and Ni_3Si. The microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings gradually increased with increasing abundance of the chromium carbide. The maximum microhardness of the coatings was up to 1500 HV, and the wear resistance was enhanced 2～16 times over that of the Q235 substrate. When load was lower than 80 N, abrasive wear was mainly wear mechanism, while when the load reached 100 N, the wear mechanism changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear. The wear mechanism of S5 was fatigue wear and abrasive wear. The wear resistance of composite coating increases continuously due to the increasing chromium carbide and the wear mechanism changes as the wear load increases.
The work aims to study the effects of chromium carbide content and wear load on wear resistance of the composite coating and the wear mechanisms under different loads. Metal composite coatings were fabricated with Ni-based(Ni55)mixed powder with NiCr-Cr_3C_2 mass fraction of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by plasma transferred arc(PTA) cladding technology. The phase compositions of these coatings were detected and analyzed by XRD and SEM and the wear resistance under different loads was tested by Rtec universal friction and wear tester. The microstructures, friction coefficient, wear body and wear surface morphologies of the coatings were analyzed by comparison to study the effects of chromium carbide content and wear load on wear resistance of the composite coating. NiCr-Cr_3C_2 was melted during cladding. By XRD, the carbide in the coating mainly consisted of Cr_7C_3 and other main phases included Cr_3C_2, Cr_(23)C_6, Cr_5B_3 and Ni_3Si. The microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings gradually increased with increasing abundance of the chromium carbide. The maximum microhardness of the coatings was up to 1500 HV, and the wear resistance was enhanced 2～16 times over that of the Q235 substrate. When load was lower than 80 N, abrasive wear was mainly wear mechanism, while when the load reached 100 N, the wear mechanism changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear. The wear mechanism of S5 was fatigue wear and abrasive wear. The wear resistance of composite coating increases continuously due to the increasing chromium carbide and the wear mechanism changes as the wear load increases.
引文
[1]FEDERICI M,MENAPACE C,MOSCATELLI A,et al.Pin-on-disc study of a friction material dry sliding against HVOF coated discs at room temperature and 300℃[J].Tribology international,2017,115:89-99.
[2]MATTHEWS S,JAMES B,HYLAND M.High temperature erosion-oxidation of Cr3C2-Ni Cr thermal spray coatings under simulated turbine conditions[J].Corrosion science,2013,70(3):203-211.
[3]VASHISHTHA N,SAPATE S G.Abrasive wear maps for high velocity oxy fuel(HVOF)sprayed WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings[J].Tribology international,2017,114:290-305.
[4]WANG S,ZHANG S,ZHANG C H.et al.Effect of Cr3C2content on 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser melting deposition[J].Vacuum,2017,147:92-98.
[5]黄诗铭.等离子喷焊复合材料强化层及其组织与性能研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2015.HUANG Shi-ming.Study on microstructures and properties of composite coatings prepared by plasma spray welding[D].Jilin:Jilin University,2015.
[6]DU Ling-zhong,HUANG Chuan-bing,ZHANG Weiguang,et al.Preparation and wear performance of NiCr/Cr3C2-Ni Cr/h BN plasma sprayed composite coating[J].Surface&coatings technology,2011,205(12):3722-3728.
[7]YUAN You-lu,LI Zhu-guo.Effects of rod carbide size,content,loading and sliding distance on the friction and wear behaviors of(Cr,Fe)7C3-reinforcedα-Fe based composite coating produced via PTA welding process[J].Surface&coatings technology,2014,248:9-22.
[8]SUN Gui-fang,TONG Zhao-peng,FANG Xiao-yu,et al.Effect of scanning speeds on microstructure and wear behavior of laser-processed NiCr-Cr3C2-Mo S2-CeO2,on38Cr Mo Al steel[J].Optics&laser technology,2016,77:JOLTD1500370.
[9]VERDI D,GARRIDO M A,MUNEZ C J,et al.Cr3C2incorporation into an inconel 625 laser cladded coating:Effects on matrix microstructure,mechanical properties and local scratch resistance[J].Materials and design,2015,67:20-27.
[10]刘晓明,高云鹏,闫侯霞.载荷和温度对Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(11):55-61.LIU Xiao-ming,GAO Yun-peng,YAN Hou-xia.Effects of load and temperature on the frictional wear resistance of Fe-Al/Cr3C2 composite coating[J].Surface technology,2016,45(11):55-61.
[11]戴秋莲,张杰,尤芳怡.激光熔覆Cr3C2/Ni复合涂层的磨削特性[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2019,51(1):122-126.DAI Qiu-lian,ZHANG Jie,YOU Fang-yi.Grinding characteristics of laser cladding Cr3C2/Ni composite coating[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2019,51(1):122-126.
[12]陆斌锋.高能束原位合成碳化铬表面复合层及其耐磨性能[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.LU Bin-feng.In situ synthesis of chromium carbide coatings by high energy beam and the wear resistance of coatings[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2010.
[13]邢娜.Fe-Cr-Ni-C-N多元合金相平衡的热力学研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.XING Na.Thermodynamic study of the phase equilibria in the Fe-Cr-Ni-C-N multi-component system[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2009.
[14]FREDRIKSSON H.The physical metallurgy of cast iron[M].Wiley:[s.n],1983.
[15]CHI H,JIANG L,CHEN G,et al.Dry sliding friction and wear behavior of(TiB2+h-BN)/2024Al composites[J].Materials&design,2015,87:960-968.
[2]MATTHEWS S,JAMES B,HYLAND M.High temperature erosion-oxidation of Cr3C2-Ni Cr thermal spray coatings under simulated turbine conditions[J].Corrosion science,2013,70(3):203-211.
[3]VASHISHTHA N,SAPATE S G.Abrasive wear maps for high velocity oxy fuel(HVOF)sprayed WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings[J].Tribology international,2017,114:290-305.
[4]WANG S,ZHANG S,ZHANG C H.et al.Effect of Cr3C2content on 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser melting deposition[J].Vacuum,2017,147:92-98.
[5]黄诗铭.等离子喷焊复合材料强化层及其组织与性能研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2015.HUANG Shi-ming.Study on microstructures and properties of composite coatings prepared by plasma spray welding[D].Jilin:Jilin University,2015.
[6]DU Ling-zhong,HUANG Chuan-bing,ZHANG Weiguang,et al.Preparation and wear performance of NiCr/Cr3C2-Ni Cr/h BN plasma sprayed composite coating[J].Surface&coatings technology,2011,205(12):3722-3728.
[7]YUAN You-lu,LI Zhu-guo.Effects of rod carbide size,content,loading and sliding distance on the friction and wear behaviors of(Cr,Fe)7C3-reinforcedα-Fe based composite coating produced via PTA welding process[J].Surface&coatings technology,2014,248:9-22.
[8]SUN Gui-fang,TONG Zhao-peng,FANG Xiao-yu,et al.Effect of scanning speeds on microstructure and wear behavior of laser-processed NiCr-Cr3C2-Mo S2-CeO2,on38Cr Mo Al steel[J].Optics&laser technology,2016,77:JOLTD1500370.
[9]VERDI D,GARRIDO M A,MUNEZ C J,et al.Cr3C2incorporation into an inconel 625 laser cladded coating:Effects on matrix microstructure,mechanical properties and local scratch resistance[J].Materials and design,2015,67:20-27.
[10]刘晓明,高云鹏,闫侯霞.载荷和温度对Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(11):55-61.LIU Xiao-ming,GAO Yun-peng,YAN Hou-xia.Effects of load and temperature on the frictional wear resistance of Fe-Al/Cr3C2 composite coating[J].Surface technology,2016,45(11):55-61.
[11]戴秋莲,张杰,尤芳怡.激光熔覆Cr3C2/Ni复合涂层的磨削特性[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2019,51(1):122-126.DAI Qiu-lian,ZHANG Jie,YOU Fang-yi.Grinding characteristics of laser cladding Cr3C2/Ni composite coating[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2019,51(1):122-126.
[12]陆斌锋.高能束原位合成碳化铬表面复合层及其耐磨性能[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.LU Bin-feng.In situ synthesis of chromium carbide coatings by high energy beam and the wear resistance of coatings[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2010.
[13]邢娜.Fe-Cr-Ni-C-N多元合金相平衡的热力学研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.XING Na.Thermodynamic study of the phase equilibria in the Fe-Cr-Ni-C-N multi-component system[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2009.
[14]FREDRIKSSON H.The physical metallurgy of cast iron[M].Wiley:[s.n],1983.
[15]CHI H,JIANG L,CHEN G,et al.Dry sliding friction and wear behavior of(TiB2+h-BN)/2024Al composites[J].Materials&design,2015,87:960-968.