低温对涡轴发动机起动性能影响的试验与分析
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摘要
为研究低温对涡轴发动机起动性能的影响,对国军标的适用与裁剪进行了讨论,开展了低温起动试验,试验以滑油箱内的滑油温度达到-34℃算起,冷浸4h后进行起动,分析了低温起动过程的阻力矩、剩余扭矩、点火性能和温升效应对起动性能的影响。结果表明:-34℃条件下的初始阻力矩是25℃条件下的2.25倍,至点火转速附件阻力矩降低为1.53倍;温度越低,点火边界对应的索尔太平均直径(SMD)越小,燃烧室点火边界越窄;温升效应对低温起动性能的影响显著,考虑温升效应的起动时间延长约25%。热空气加温和起动滑油断油可以降低起动初始阻力矩,改善点火性能,从而提高了低温起动性能。研究结论对同类发动机开展低温起动试验、起动供油规律优化及相关研究提供了参考。
To investigate the influences of low temperature on turboshaft engine starting performance,application and tailoring of national military standard were discussed.Low temperature starting tests were conducted at -34℃ based on oil temperature in four-hour cold soak process.The influences of resistance torque,residual torque,ignition performance and warm-up effect on cold starting performance were investigated.Results showed that,initial resistance torque under -34℃ was 2.25 times of 25℃and 1.53 times near the ignition.The Sauter mean diameter(SMD)was smaller for ignition boundary in the lower temperature.The influences of warm-up effect on low temperature starting was significant and the start-up time with warm-up was extended by about 25%.Heating up on the engine and cutting off oil lubricating can reduce initial resistance torque and improve the ignition performance,thus improving the low temperature starting performance.The conclusion provides a reference for the low temperature starting test,starting fuel supply control law optimization and research of similar engines.
To investigate the influences of low temperature on turboshaft engine starting performance,application and tailoring of national military standard were discussed.Low temperature starting tests were conducted at -34℃ based on oil temperature in four-hour cold soak process.The influences of resistance torque,residual torque,ignition performance and warm-up effect on cold starting performance were investigated.Results showed that,initial resistance torque under -34℃ was 2.25 times of 25℃and 1.53 times near the ignition.The Sauter mean diameter(SMD)was smaller for ignition boundary in the lower temperature.The influences of warm-up effect on low temperature starting was significant and the start-up time with warm-up was extended by about 25%.Heating up on the engine and cutting off oil lubricating can reduce initial resistance torque and improve the ignition performance,thus improving the low temperature starting performance.The conclusion provides a reference for the low temperature starting test,starting fuel supply control law optimization and research of similar engines.
引文
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[18]蔡建兵,尹泽勇,熊焰,等.一种确定燃气涡轮涡轴发动机起动最小所需扭矩的工程方法[J].航空动力学报,2005,20(5):736-739.CAI Jianbin,YIN Zeyong,XIONG Yan,et al.An engineering method of determining turboshaft engine minimum required torque for starting[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2005,20(5):736-739.(in Chinese)
[19]ELMENDORF W,KURZ H,GALLUS H E.Design and performance of a mixed flow supersonic compressor stage[C]∥Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines.Melbourne,Australia:AIAA,1995:113-124.
[20]RAO H N S,LEFEBVRE A H.Ignition of kerosene fule sprays in a flowing air stream[J].Combustion Science and Technology,1973,8(1):95-100.
[21]RAO H V L,LEFEBVRE A H.Mininum ignition energies in flowing kerosene-air mixtures[J].Combustion and Flame,1976,27:1-20.
[22]康尧,林宇震,霍伟业,等.双级旋流杯结构变化对点火特性的影响研究[J].推进技术,2014,35(5):675-680.KANG Yao,LIN Yuzhen,HUO Weiye,et al.Effects of hardware geometry of dual-stage swirl cup on ignition performance[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2014,35(5):675-680.(in Chinese)
[23]蔡建斌,成本林,刘杰,等.离心压气机温升效应对涡轴发动机起动性能的影响[J].航空动力学报,2005,20(3):403-406.CAI Jianbin,CHENG Benlin,LIU Jie,et al.Centrifugal compressor warm-up effecton turboshaft engine starting charateristics[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2005,20(3):403-406.(in Chinese)
[2]郭海红,潘旭,张志舒.非标准大气条件下航空发动机起动性能[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(6):1286-1290.GUO Haihong,PAN Xu,ZHANG Zhishu.Aero-engine ground starting performance at non-standard atmosphere[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2013,28(6):1286-1290.(in Chinese)
[3]居海星,张海波,陈浩颖.一种通用涡轴发动机起动过程建模方法研究[J].推进技术,2017,38(6):1386-1394.JU Haixing,ZHANG Haibo,CHEN Haoying.A Research on start-up modeling for turboshaft engines[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2017,38(6):1386-1394.(in Chinese)
[4]黄开明,周剑波,刘杰,等.涡轴发动机起动过程的一种气动热力学实时模型[J].航空动力学报,2004,19(5):703-707.HUANG Kaiming,ZHOU Jianbo,LIU Jie,et al.Thermodynamic model of turbo-shaft engine starting process[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2004,19(5):703-707.(in Chinese)
[5]陈玉春,王朝蓬,黄兴鲁,等.功率提取法在涡喷发动机起动特性模拟及控制规律设计中的应用[J].航空动力学报,2010,25(6):1277-1283.CHEN Yuchun,WANG Zhaopeng,HUANG Xinglu,et al.Application of power extraction method in starting process simulation and control law design of turbojet engines[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2010,25(6):1277-1283.(in Chinese)
[6]LOMINAC J K,BOYTOS J F.Aeropropulsion environmental test facility[R].Arnold Engineering Development Center,Air Force Security,AFS TN-19991130-098,1998.
[7]KAMYKOWSKI R.Turbine engine cold-soak start testing techniques[R].AIAA 95-3076,1995.
[8]GRUBER H.Cold start optimization on a military jet engine[R].Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development,AGARD CP-480 8-1-5,1993.
[9]NAEGELI D W,DODGE L G,DAVID W.Effects of fuel properties and atomization on ignition in a T63gas turbine combustor[R].DAAK70-87-C-0043,1987.
[10]吴锋,龚小琪,乔松松.高空舱内涡扇发动机低温起动试验[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(10):2348-2354.WU Feng,GONG Xiaoqi,QIAO Songsong.Low temperature start of turbofan engine in altitude test cell[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2013,28(10):2348-2354.(in Chinese)
[11]朴英.航空燃气涡轮发动机起动性能分析[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(6):777-782.PIAO Ying.An anlysis of the starting characteristics of aeroengine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2003,18(6):777-782.(in Chinese)
[12]《航空发动机设计手册》总编委会.航空发动机设计手册:第6册涡桨及涡轴发动机总体[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2001:2-5.
[13]中央军委装备发展部.航空涡轮螺桨和涡轮轴发动机通用规范:GJB242A-2018[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018:90.
[14]张瑞强,刘少军,胡小舟.供油压力和滑油温度对某航空齿轮润滑喷嘴射流特性的影响[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(7):1777-1784.ZHANG Ruiqiang,LIU Shaojun,HU Xiaozhou.Effects of supply pressure and temperature of oil on jet characteristics of lubricating nozzles for an aviation gears[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(7):1777-1784.(in Chinese)
[15]WALSH P P,FLETCHER P.Gas turbine performance[M].2nd Ed.Oxford:Blackwell Science Limited,2004:383-461.
[16]蔡建兵,李建华,钟建平,等.某涡轴发动机起动不成功分析[J].航空动力学报,2014,29(1):169-174.CAI Jianbing,LI Jianhua,ZHONG Jianping,et al.Analysis of a turboshaft engine starting failure[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2014,29(1):169-174.(in Chinese)
[17]廉筱纯,吴虎.航空发动机原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005:315-322.
[18]蔡建兵,尹泽勇,熊焰,等.一种确定燃气涡轮涡轴发动机起动最小所需扭矩的工程方法[J].航空动力学报,2005,20(5):736-739.CAI Jianbin,YIN Zeyong,XIONG Yan,et al.An engineering method of determining turboshaft engine minimum required torque for starting[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2005,20(5):736-739.(in Chinese)
[19]ELMENDORF W,KURZ H,GALLUS H E.Design and performance of a mixed flow supersonic compressor stage[C]∥Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines.Melbourne,Australia:AIAA,1995:113-124.
[20]RAO H N S,LEFEBVRE A H.Ignition of kerosene fule sprays in a flowing air stream[J].Combustion Science and Technology,1973,8(1):95-100.
[21]RAO H V L,LEFEBVRE A H.Mininum ignition energies in flowing kerosene-air mixtures[J].Combustion and Flame,1976,27:1-20.
[22]康尧,林宇震,霍伟业,等.双级旋流杯结构变化对点火特性的影响研究[J].推进技术,2014,35(5):675-680.KANG Yao,LIN Yuzhen,HUO Weiye,et al.Effects of hardware geometry of dual-stage swirl cup on ignition performance[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2014,35(5):675-680.(in Chinese)
[23]蔡建斌,成本林,刘杰,等.离心压气机温升效应对涡轴发动机起动性能的影响[J].航空动力学报,2005,20(3):403-406.CAI Jianbin,CHENG Benlin,LIU Jie,et al.Centrifugal compressor warm-up effecton turboshaft engine starting charateristics[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2005,20(3):403-406.(in Chinese)