某校大学生漱口杯卫生微生物状况的调查研究
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摘要
目的了解大学生漱口杯卫生污染状况及其影响因素,为大学生疾病防控工作提供参考。方法随机抽取150名安徽理工大学大学生漱口杯样本并填写漱口杯使用习惯等相关调查表,采用倾注平板法和MPN法检测漱口杯菌落总数和大肠菌群。结果(1)调查人群中口腔牙龈经常出血者占26.00%,男女间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),牙龈出血与菌落总数超标之间存在着关联性(χ~2=4.528,r=0.174,P<0.05);(2)150个漱口杯样本菌落总数超标率为60.00%,大肠菌群检出率为49.00%,大肠菌群严重超标率占大肠菌群检出的48.63%,菌落总数超标与大肠菌群检出率之间存在着关联性(χ~2=12.487,r=0.277,P<0.01);(3)单因素分析显示:漱口杯材质、盛放物品样数、是否控干存放、牙刷头放置方向、刷牙水温度样本的菌落总数不合格率与大肠菌群检出率差异均分别具有统计学意义(Z=11.700、9.689、7.594、4.804、14.074;χ~2=3.870、4.120、4.410、6.387、8.100,P<0.05);(4)Logistic回归分析表明漱口杯材质、刷牙水温度、使用次数/日是漱口杯菌落总数超标的影响因素。结论大学生口腔健康不容乐观,漱口杯污染状况严重且被忽视,造成其污染的因素是多方面的,应通过各种途径加强大学生关注漱口杯卫生的意识。
Objective To investigate the sanitary status of gargle cups among college students,and provide references for prevention and control of diseases in university.Methods 150 college students were randomly selected and accepted questionnaire survey;their gargle cups were detected for microorganisms by using pour plate method and coliform bacteria with MPN method.Results(1)The rate of frequent gingival bleeding was 26.00%;there was no significant difference between male and female(P>0.05).The rate of frequent gingival bleeding was correlated significantly with over high total colony count(χ2=4.528,r=0.174,P<0.05).(2)The rate of over-high total colony count was 60.00%.The detection rate of coliform bacteria was 49.00%,among which 48.63%seriously exceeded the limit.The over high total colony count was correlated significantly with the detection rate of coliform bacteria(χ2=12.487,r=0.277,P<0.01).(3)Single factor analysis showed that under different conditions such as the material of gargle cup,number of items contained,dryness,position of toothbrush head and temperature of brushing water,the rate of over high total colony count and detection rate of coliform bacteria were significantly different(P<0.05).(4)Logistic regression analysis showed that the material of gargle cup,temperature of brushing water,and daily frequency of use were the influence factors of over-high total colony count.Conclusion The oral health condition college students is an issue of high concern;the pollution of their gargle cups is very serious due to many influencing factors.Measures must be taken to strengthen the sanitary consciousness of college students about their gargle cups.
Objective To investigate the sanitary status of gargle cups among college students,and provide references for prevention and control of diseases in university.Methods 150 college students were randomly selected and accepted questionnaire survey;their gargle cups were detected for microorganisms by using pour plate method and coliform bacteria with MPN method.Results(1)The rate of frequent gingival bleeding was 26.00%;there was no significant difference between male and female(P>0.05).The rate of frequent gingival bleeding was correlated significantly with over high total colony count(χ2=4.528,r=0.174,P<0.05).(2)The rate of over-high total colony count was 60.00%.The detection rate of coliform bacteria was 49.00%,among which 48.63%seriously exceeded the limit.The over high total colony count was correlated significantly with the detection rate of coliform bacteria(χ2=12.487,r=0.277,P<0.01).(3)Single factor analysis showed that under different conditions such as the material of gargle cup,number of items contained,dryness,position of toothbrush head and temperature of brushing water,the rate of over high total colony count and detection rate of coliform bacteria were significantly different(P<0.05).(4)Logistic regression analysis showed that the material of gargle cup,temperature of brushing water,and daily frequency of use were the influence factors of over-high total colony count.Conclusion The oral health condition college students is an issue of high concern;the pollution of their gargle cups is very serious due to many influencing factors.Measures must be taken to strengthen the sanitary consciousness of college students about their gargle cups.
引文
[1]HUANG Yuanyong,GONG Tongqing,LAN Fengxia,et al.Gum bacterial morphology observation and streptococcus resistance measurement in students of certain university[J].Mod Prevent Med,2013,40(16):3100-3106.(in Chinese)黄园勇,宫童庆,兰凤霞,等.某校大学生口腔牙龈细菌种类调查及链球菌的耐药性测定[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(16):3100-3106.
[2]LI Hong,TIAN Ye,JIANG Yao.Studies on microbial pollution in schools in China:Advances and outlooks[J].Chin J Microecol,2016,28(10):1226-1231.(in Chinese)李红,田晔,江瑶.我国学校微生物污染状况研究进展与展望[J].中国微生态学杂志,2016,28(10):1226-1231.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 18204.4-2013公共场所卫生检验方法:公共用品用具微生物[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
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[5]FU Fangman.Investigation and analysis on the oral health of Hainan Medical Students[J].Mod Prevent Med,2012,39(24):6435-6436.(in Chinese)符方满.海南医学生口腔卫生保健调查[J].现代预防医学,2012,39(24):6435-6436.
[6]CHEN Jing,CHA Sa,LI Jiehang,et al.Comparison of oral and gastrointestinal opportunistic pathogen contamination between tooth mugs placed up-ward and downward[J].J Pract Stomatol,2015,31(2):289-291.(in Chinese)陈婧,查萨,李颉颃,等.漱口杯的摆放方式对口腔及胃肠道条件致病菌滞留情况的影响[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2015,31(2):289-291.
[7]LIU Feng,WANG Xu,YE Kaiqi,et al.Layer-by-layer assembled microgel films containing silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial coatings on plastics[J].Chem J Chin Universities,2011,32(4):990-994.(in Chinese)刘峰,王旭,叶开其,等.塑料表面载银微凝胶层层组装膜的制备及抗菌活性[J].高等学校化学学报,2011,32(4):990-994.
[8]SUN Zhenke.Survey on the hygienic of the dishware in 19schools[J].Chin J School Doctor,2004,18(5):433.(in Chinese)孙振科.19所学校食堂餐具卫生状况调查[J].中国校医,2004,18(5):433.
[9]LI Fan,XU Zhikai.Medical microbiology[M].8th edition.Beijing:People′s Medical Publishing House,2014:24-33.(in Chinese)李凡,徐志凯.医学微生物学[M].8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:24-33.
[10]WANG Menghong,YIN Wei,HU Deyu,et al.Microbiological test of toothbrushes after use in different conditions[J].J Pract Stomatol,2010,26(6):782-784.(in Chinese)王孟宏,尹伟,胡德渝,等.刷牙后不同存放条件下牙刷的细菌学检测[J].实用口腔医杂志,2010,26(6):782-784.
[11]YANG Qingling,ZHAO Li,KONG Yu,et al.The inhibition of three Chinese medicine toothpastes to oral pathogens in vitro[J].Chin J Microecol,2013,25(2):157-160.(in Chinese)杨清岭,赵丽,孔宇.等.三种中药牙膏对口腔致病菌抑制作用的体外实验研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,2013,25(2):157-160.
[2]LI Hong,TIAN Ye,JIANG Yao.Studies on microbial pollution in schools in China:Advances and outlooks[J].Chin J Microecol,2016,28(10):1226-1231.(in Chinese)李红,田晔,江瑶.我国学校微生物污染状况研究进展与展望[J].中国微生态学杂志,2016,28(10):1226-1231.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 18204.4-2013公共场所卫生检验方法:公共用品用具微生物[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[4]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 9663-1996旅店业卫生标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[5]FU Fangman.Investigation and analysis on the oral health of Hainan Medical Students[J].Mod Prevent Med,2012,39(24):6435-6436.(in Chinese)符方满.海南医学生口腔卫生保健调查[J].现代预防医学,2012,39(24):6435-6436.
[6]CHEN Jing,CHA Sa,LI Jiehang,et al.Comparison of oral and gastrointestinal opportunistic pathogen contamination between tooth mugs placed up-ward and downward[J].J Pract Stomatol,2015,31(2):289-291.(in Chinese)陈婧,查萨,李颉颃,等.漱口杯的摆放方式对口腔及胃肠道条件致病菌滞留情况的影响[J].实用口腔医学杂志,2015,31(2):289-291.
[7]LIU Feng,WANG Xu,YE Kaiqi,et al.Layer-by-layer assembled microgel films containing silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial coatings on plastics[J].Chem J Chin Universities,2011,32(4):990-994.(in Chinese)刘峰,王旭,叶开其,等.塑料表面载银微凝胶层层组装膜的制备及抗菌活性[J].高等学校化学学报,2011,32(4):990-994.
[8]SUN Zhenke.Survey on the hygienic of the dishware in 19schools[J].Chin J School Doctor,2004,18(5):433.(in Chinese)孙振科.19所学校食堂餐具卫生状况调查[J].中国校医,2004,18(5):433.
[9]LI Fan,XU Zhikai.Medical microbiology[M].8th edition.Beijing:People′s Medical Publishing House,2014:24-33.(in Chinese)李凡,徐志凯.医学微生物学[M].8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:24-33.
[10]WANG Menghong,YIN Wei,HU Deyu,et al.Microbiological test of toothbrushes after use in different conditions[J].J Pract Stomatol,2010,26(6):782-784.(in Chinese)王孟宏,尹伟,胡德渝,等.刷牙后不同存放条件下牙刷的细菌学检测[J].实用口腔医杂志,2010,26(6):782-784.
[11]YANG Qingling,ZHAO Li,KONG Yu,et al.The inhibition of three Chinese medicine toothpastes to oral pathogens in vitro[J].Chin J Microecol,2013,25(2):157-160.(in Chinese)杨清岭,赵丽,孔宇.等.三种中药牙膏对口腔致病菌抑制作用的体外实验研究[J].中国微生态学杂志,2013,25(2):157-160.