气吹投种的气吸滚筒式精量排种器设计与试验
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摘要
【目的】针对辣椒等不规整、小粒径种子育苗时存在投种精度差、吸种孔容易堵塞等问题,设计出一种气吹投种的气吸滚筒式精量排种器,并确定该排种器关键参数与结构.【方法】以吸孔形状、正压值、滚筒转速、负压值为影响因子,以单粒率、多粒率、漏播率为排种性能指标,采用4因素3水平正交试验方法,分析各因子对排种性能的影响规律.【结果】影响排种器排种性能的主次因素依次为负压值、吸孔形状、滚筒转速、正压值.最佳参数组合为正压值900 Pa,负压值为3 kPa,滚筒转速为8 r/min,吸种孔为单锥形,此时排种器的单粒率86.83%、多粒率5.35%、漏播率4.61%.此条件下最适合辣椒穴盘育苗播种.【结论】该排种器能够满足育苗精量播种的种植农艺要求,为播种辣椒等小籽粒排种器的设计提供参考依据.
【Objective】 Aimed at the problems such as poor seeding and seeding accuracy of pepper and other irregular seedlings with small particle size and easy plugging of seed suction holes and so on.The air-suction drum type precision seed metering device for blowing and seeding is used to determine the key structure and performance parameters of the seed metering device.【Method】 In order to analyze the influence of each factor on seeding performance,the factors of suction hole shape,positive pressure value,rotating speed of drum,and negative pressure were used as the influencing factors.Single grain rate,multi-grain rate and leakage rate were selected as seeding performance indexes,and four factors and three levels of orthogonal test methods were used.Analyze the influence of each factor on seeding performance.【Result】 The primary factors affecting the seed-discharging performance of seed metering device in proper order are negative pressure value,suction hole shape,drum rotation speed,and positive pressure value.The optimum combination of parameters is: negative pressure value is 3 kPa,roller speed is 8 r/min,suction hole is single cone,positive pressure value is 900 Pa,at this time,the single grain rate of the metering device is 86.83%,multi-grain rate is 5.35%,leakage rate 4.61%.This condition is most suitable for pepper seeding.【Conclusion】 It is verified by experiment that the seeding device can meet the requirements of planting agronomy.It provides reference basis for seed-metering device design of small and irregular seeds.
【Objective】 Aimed at the problems such as poor seeding and seeding accuracy of pepper and other irregular seedlings with small particle size and easy plugging of seed suction holes and so on.The air-suction drum type precision seed metering device for blowing and seeding is used to determine the key structure and performance parameters of the seed metering device.【Method】 In order to analyze the influence of each factor on seeding performance,the factors of suction hole shape,positive pressure value,rotating speed of drum,and negative pressure were used as the influencing factors.Single grain rate,multi-grain rate and leakage rate were selected as seeding performance indexes,and four factors and three levels of orthogonal test methods were used.Analyze the influence of each factor on seeding performance.【Result】 The primary factors affecting the seed-discharging performance of seed metering device in proper order are negative pressure value,suction hole shape,drum rotation speed,and positive pressure value.The optimum combination of parameters is: negative pressure value is 3 kPa,roller speed is 8 r/min,suction hole is single cone,positive pressure value is 900 Pa,at this time,the single grain rate of the metering device is 86.83%,multi-grain rate is 5.35%,leakage rate 4.61%.This condition is most suitable for pepper seeding.【Conclusion】 It is verified by experiment that the seeding device can meet the requirements of planting agronomy.It provides reference basis for seed-metering device design of small and irregular seeds.
引文
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[13] 卢勇涛,李亚雄,陈学庚.气吸式棉花精量排种器的设计与试验[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(3):129-133.
[14] 韩豹,杨亚楠,孟繁超,等.气吸滚筒式自动清堵粳稻排种器的改进设计与性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016(19):18-25.
[15] 赵湛,李耀明,陈进,等.气吸滚筒式排种器吸种过程动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):112-116.
[16] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检疫总局,国家标准化管理委会.GB6973 -2005 单粒(精密)播种机试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[17] 张顺,夏俊芳,周勇,等.气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):11-19.
[2] 高筱钧,周金华,赖庆辉,等.中草药三七气吸滚筒式精密排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(2):20-28.
[3] 赖庆辉,高筱钧,张智泓.三七气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能模拟与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016(5):27-37.
[4] Singh R C,Singh G,SaraswaT D C.Optimisation of design and operational parameters of a pneumatic seed metering device for planting mustard seeds[J].International Agricultural Engineering Journal,2006,15(2):31-41.
[5] Singh R C,Singh G,Saraswat D C.Optimisation of design and operational parameters of a pneumatic seed metering device for planting of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds[J].Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,77(1):40-42.
[6] Gaikwad B B,Sirohi N P S.Design of a lot-cost penumatic see dr for nursery plug trays[J].Biosystems Engineering,2008(99):322-329.
[7] 张顺.气力滚筒式水稻精量排种器的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[8] 王朝辉.气吸滚筒式超级稻育秧播种器的基本理论及试验研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2010.
[9] 张静,李志伟,刘皞春,等.气力滚筒式排种器种子吸附边界模型及验证[J].农业工程报,2016(23):12-20.
[10] 康建明,陈学庚,王士国,等.超窄行棉花精量排种器设计与性能试验[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(2):134-139.
[11] 丛锦玲,廖庆喜,曹秀英,等.油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):30-39.
[12] 陈学庚,卢勇涛.气吸滚筒式棉花精量穴播器排种性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(8):35-38.
[13] 卢勇涛,李亚雄,陈学庚.气吸式棉花精量排种器的设计与试验[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(3):129-133.
[14] 韩豹,杨亚楠,孟繁超,等.气吸滚筒式自动清堵粳稻排种器的改进设计与性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016(19):18-25.
[15] 赵湛,李耀明,陈进,等.气吸滚筒式排种器吸种过程动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):112-116.
[16] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检疫总局,国家标准化管理委会.GB6973 -2005 单粒(精密)播种机试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[17] 张顺,夏俊芳,周勇,等.气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):11-19.