2015-2016年宁夏农村地区人群蛔虫感染及土壤蛔虫卵污染情况调查
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摘要
目的了解宁夏回族自治区(简称宁夏)农村地区人群蛔虫感染现状及土壤蛔虫卵污染情况,为制定防控措施提供参考依据。方法于2015-2016年在宁夏农村地区按不同生态环境、经济情况,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取海原、贺兰、泾源、利通、灵武、隆德、彭阳、平罗、青铜峡、同心、西吉、盐池、永宁和中宁等14个县(市、区) 52个自然村为调查点,选择3岁以上常住人口作为调查对象,每个点至少调查250人。采集人群粪样,采用改良加藤厚涂片法(一粪二检)镜检蛔虫卵,计算每克粪虫卵数(EPG);在每个调查点分别随机抽取10户家庭,每户采集菜园或厕所周边土壤30 g,采用饱和硝酸钠溶液漂浮法检测土壤样品中的蛔虫卵。应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析,率的比较采用卡方检验。结果宁夏14个县(市、区) 52个调查点共粪检13 850人,人群蛔虫感染率为2.2%(304/13 850),无重度感染者。陇中生态区和黄土高原生态区人群蛔虫感染率分别为1.3%(89/6 881)和3.1%(215/6 969),黄土高原生态区人群蛔虫感染率高于陇中生态区(P <0.05)。感染率排前3位的地区依次为彭阳县9.3%(116/1 250)、海原县2.7%(34/1 250)和盐池县2.6%(20/760)。隆德县属中度感染,其他13个县(市、区)均属轻度感染。男性和女性感染率分别为2.2%(150/6 886)和2.2%(154/6 964),两者差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05); 60～69岁年龄组人群感染率最高(3.2%), 60岁以下年龄组人群感染率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(P <0.05);汉族蛔虫感染率为2.6%(214/8 373),高于回族的1.6%(89/5 434)(P <0.05);家庭妇女感染率为2.8%(6/215),高于其他职业人群(P <0.05);小学文化程度者蛔虫感染率较高,为2.4%(125/5 237),但与其他文化程度人群的感染率相比差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。共检测1 068户的菜园和厕所周边土壤,彭阳县土壤中蛔虫卵检出率最高,为36.6%(37/101),永宁县检出率最低,为11.3%(9/80),各地蛔虫卵检出率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。土壤中蛔虫卵检出率与人群蛔虫感染率呈正相关(r=0.532, P <0.05)。结论宁夏人群蛔虫感染情况地区间差异明显。感染人群的分布存在年龄、民族、职业、文化程度的差异,土壤中蛔虫卵检出率与人群蛔虫感染率呈正相关。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection and contamination of soil with Ascaris eggs in rural areas of Ningxia in order to provide evidence for developing control measures.Methods Total 52 survey sites in 14 counties(cities/districts) in Ningxia were randomly selected based on different geographic and economic situations during 2015-2016. At least 250 residents in each site were enrolled in the investigation. The fecal samples were collected from participants and the eggs of A. lumbricoides in the feces were examined in duplicate under microscope using Kato-Katz method and counted. To investigate the contamination of soil with A. lumbricoides eggs, 10 houses were randomly selected from each site and the soil was collected around their toilets and gardens, the eggs were examined using floating method with saturated sodium nitrate solution.Results A total of 13 850 persons were examined with overall A. lumbricoides infection rate of 2.2%(304/13 850). All infections were light without heavy infected people. People living in Loess Plateau Ecological Zone had higher infection rate of 3.1%(215/6 969) than those living in Longzhong Ecological Zone 1.3%(89/6 881) with statistical significance(P < 0.05). The top three counties with highest infection rates were Pengyang(9.3%, 116/1 250), Haiyuan(2.7%,34/1 250) and Yanchi(2.6%, 20/760). Ascaris infection in Longde was moderate and the rest 13 counties were low-intensity infection( EPG < 500). There was no significant difference in the infection rate between male( 2. 2 %,150/6 886) and female(2.2%, 154/6 964). People with age over 60 had higher infection rate of 3.2% than other age groups. The infection rate of people under 60 years old was increasing with age( P < 0.05). Han people had higher infection rate(2.6%, 214/8 373) than Hui(1.6%, 89/5 434), and infection in housewives(2.8%, 6/215) was higher than other occupations(P < 0.05). People with low education(elementary school) had higher infection rate(2.4%,125/5 237) than those with higher education, but without statistical significance(P > 0.05). The soil samples were collected from garden and around toilet of 1 068 families and the Ascaris eggs were examined. The highest detection rate was 36.6%(37/101) in Pengyang. The lowest detection rate was 11.3%(9/80) in Yongning with statistical significance between different areas(P < 0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference in the distribution of roundworm infection in different population such as age, nationality, occupation and education. The soil contamination with Ascaris eggs was common in Ningxia. It is needed to take different approaches to strengthen the control of Ascaris infection in different regions.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection and contamination of soil with Ascaris eggs in rural areas of Ningxia in order to provide evidence for developing control measures.Methods Total 52 survey sites in 14 counties(cities/districts) in Ningxia were randomly selected based on different geographic and economic situations during 2015-2016. At least 250 residents in each site were enrolled in the investigation. The fecal samples were collected from participants and the eggs of A. lumbricoides in the feces were examined in duplicate under microscope using Kato-Katz method and counted. To investigate the contamination of soil with A. lumbricoides eggs, 10 houses were randomly selected from each site and the soil was collected around their toilets and gardens, the eggs were examined using floating method with saturated sodium nitrate solution.Results A total of 13 850 persons were examined with overall A. lumbricoides infection rate of 2.2%(304/13 850). All infections were light without heavy infected people. People living in Loess Plateau Ecological Zone had higher infection rate of 3.1%(215/6 969) than those living in Longzhong Ecological Zone 1.3%(89/6 881) with statistical significance(P < 0.05). The top three counties with highest infection rates were Pengyang(9.3%, 116/1 250), Haiyuan(2.7%,34/1 250) and Yanchi(2.6%, 20/760). Ascaris infection in Longde was moderate and the rest 13 counties were low-intensity infection( EPG < 500). There was no significant difference in the infection rate between male( 2. 2 %,150/6 886) and female(2.2%, 154/6 964). People with age over 60 had higher infection rate of 3.2% than other age groups. The infection rate of people under 60 years old was increasing with age( P < 0.05). Han people had higher infection rate(2.6%, 214/8 373) than Hui(1.6%, 89/5 434), and infection in housewives(2.8%, 6/215) was higher than other occupations(P < 0.05). People with low education(elementary school) had higher infection rate(2.4%,125/5 237) than those with higher education, but without statistical significance(P > 0.05). The soil samples were collected from garden and around toilet of 1 068 families and the Ascaris eggs were examined. The highest detection rate was 36.6%(37/101) in Pengyang. The lowest detection rate was 11.3%(9/80) in Yongning with statistical significance between different areas(P < 0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference in the distribution of roundworm infection in different population such as age, nationality, occupation and education. The soil contamination with Ascaris eggs was common in Ningxia. It is needed to take different approaches to strengthen the control of Ascaris infection in different regions.
引文
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[2]吴向林,赵建华,付益仁.宁夏2002年与2011年农村居民蛔虫感染状况比较[J].现代预防医学杂志, 2014, 41(16):3036-3037.
[3]朱爱压,杜坤,李安梅,等. 2011-2015年贵州省土源性线虫感染监测结果分析[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2017, 35(5):445-449.
[4]彭金华.河南省许昌市2012年土源性线虫感染调查报告[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2015, 33(5):395-398.
[5]王国飞,陈颖丹,周长海,等.寄生虫病综合示范区鞭虫感染影响因素分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2011, 23(5):495-500.
[6]张倩,陈颖丹,许隆祺,等.我国土源性线虫病综合防治示范区3年防治效果[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2011, 23(5):476-482.
[7]王晓兵,张林秀,王国飞,等.西南两省贫困地区儿童土源性线虫感染状况及影响因素分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2014, 36(3):279-281.
[8]赵生虎,韩秀敏,雷雯,等.西宁市人体土源性线虫感染现状调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2013, 31(1):71-74.
[9]严俊,胡桃,雷正龙.中国重点寄生虫病的防控形势与挑战[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2015, 33(6):412-417.
[10]吴向林,党占翠,冯运灵,等.宁夏人体蛔虫感染现状及影响因素分析[J].宁夏医学杂志, 2012, 34(7):616-617.
[11]吴向林,齐蓉婷,段红菊,等. 2015-2016年宁夏农村学龄前儿童蛲虫感染现况调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2018, 36(5):441-443.
[12]何艳霞,胡启托,向诗非.恩施州农村人群蛔虫感染及土壤蛔虫卵污染现状调查[J].热带医学杂志, 2016, 16(4):527-528.
[2]吴向林,赵建华,付益仁.宁夏2002年与2011年农村居民蛔虫感染状况比较[J].现代预防医学杂志, 2014, 41(16):3036-3037.
[3]朱爱压,杜坤,李安梅,等. 2011-2015年贵州省土源性线虫感染监测结果分析[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2017, 35(5):445-449.
[4]彭金华.河南省许昌市2012年土源性线虫感染调查报告[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2015, 33(5):395-398.
[5]王国飞,陈颖丹,周长海,等.寄生虫病综合示范区鞭虫感染影响因素分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2011, 23(5):495-500.
[6]张倩,陈颖丹,许隆祺,等.我国土源性线虫病综合防治示范区3年防治效果[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2011, 23(5):476-482.
[7]王晓兵,张林秀,王国飞,等.西南两省贫困地区儿童土源性线虫感染状况及影响因素分析[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2014, 36(3):279-281.
[8]赵生虎,韩秀敏,雷雯,等.西宁市人体土源性线虫感染现状调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2013, 31(1):71-74.
[9]严俊,胡桃,雷正龙.中国重点寄生虫病的防控形势与挑战[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2015, 33(6):412-417.
[10]吴向林,党占翠,冯运灵,等.宁夏人体蛔虫感染现状及影响因素分析[J].宁夏医学杂志, 2012, 34(7):616-617.
[11]吴向林,齐蓉婷,段红菊,等. 2015-2016年宁夏农村学龄前儿童蛲虫感染现况调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,2018, 36(5):441-443.
[12]何艳霞,胡启托,向诗非.恩施州农村人群蛔虫感染及土壤蛔虫卵污染现状调查[J].热带医学杂志, 2016, 16(4):527-528.