病原微生物实验室工作人员等职业人群免疫策略探讨
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摘要
病原微生物实验室工作人员等职业人群因所处的特殊工作环境,常接触各种传染源。为降低职业暴露带来的可能感染风险,该人群应在遵守生物安全实验室操作技术规范等要求基础上,接受适当的免疫接种。本文通过分析美国对该职业人群推荐的疫苗免疫程序,提出制定适合中国的该职业人群免疫策略的建议。
Professionals such as pathogenic microorganism laboratory staff are often exposed to various pathogens due to their special work environment. In order to reduce potential infection risks caused by occupational exposure, these professionals should receive necessary vaccinations and comply with operational procedures for laboratory biosafety. This article explores immunization strategies for laboratory staff in China by analyzing immunization recommendations in the United States of America.
Professionals such as pathogenic microorganism laboratory staff are often exposed to various pathogens due to their special work environment. In order to reduce potential infection risks caused by occupational exposure, these professionals should receive necessary vaccinations and comply with operational procedures for laboratory biosafety. This article explores immunization strategies for laboratory staff in China by analyzing immunization recommendations in the United States of America.
引文
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[22]国务院办公厅.关于加强传染病防治人员安全防护的意见[J].首都公共卫生,2015,9(2):49-50.General Office of State Council.Opinions on strengthening the safety protection ofinfectious disease prevention and control personnel[J].Capital Journal of Public Health,2015,9(2):49-50.
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[24]宋小磊,张丽杰,申涛,等.医务人员接种流感疫苗及影响因素综述[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2016,22(1):94-98.SONG Xiaolei,ZHANG Li jie,SHEN Tao,et al.Review of coverage rates ofinfluenza vaccine among healthcare workers and influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization,2016,22(1):94-98.
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[26]FRANCE EK,GLANZ JM,XU S,et al.Saf ety of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among children:a population-based study[J].Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,2004,158(11):1031-1036.
[27]卜令寒.青岛市医务人员流感和流感疫苗知信行及影响因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.BU Linghan.Research on knowledge,attitude,practice and influencing factors about seasonal influenza and seasonal influenza vaccine among healthcare workers in Qingdao city[D].Ji’nan:Shandong University,2015.
[28]冯录召,彭质斌,王大燕,等.中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2018-2019)[J].中华流行病学杂志,2018,39(11):1413-1425.FENG Luzhao,PENG Zhibing,WANG Dayan,et al.Technical guidelines for seasonal influenza vaccination in China(2018-2019)[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2018,39(11):1413-1425.
[29]AGUILAR-DíAZ FDC,JIMéNEZ-CORONA ME,PONCEDE-LEóN-ROSALES S.Influenza vaccine and healthcare workers[J].Archives of Medical Research,2011,42(8):652-657.
[30]郭玉双,邱丹,白勇涛,等.中国脊髓灰质炎网络实验室人员免疫意愿调查研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2017,18(6):427-430.GUO Yushuang,QIU Dan,BAI Yongtao,et al.Survey on the willingness of receiving polio vaccine among workers in polio network laboratories[J].Chinese Preventive Medicine,2017,18(6):427-430.
[31]段梦娟,王华庆.全球代表性国家和地区的成人免疫策略[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2015,21(5):589-592+596.DUAN Meng juan,WANG Huaqing.Immun iza t ion strategies for adults in typical countries and regions[J].Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization,2015,21(5):589-592+596.
[32]BOLYARD EA,TABLAN OC,WILLIAMS WW,et al.Guideline for infection control in healthcare personnel,1998[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,1998,19(6):407-463.
[2]YIP FY,PAPANIA MJ,REDD SB.Measles outbreak epidemiology in the United States,1993-2001[J].The Journal of Infectious Diseases,2004,189(Suppl 1):S54-60.
[3]林岩,徐凤琴,陈丽容,等.医务人员职业暴露的危险因素分析与对策[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2007,17(8):985-987.LIN Ya n,XU Fengqin,CHEN Li rong,et al.Risk factors of prof essional exposure among medical staf f:analysis and preventive strategies[J].Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology,2007,17(8):985-987.
[4]MULLAN R J,BAKER EL,HUGHES JM,et al.Guidelines for prevent ion of t ransmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to healthcare and public-safety workers[J].MMWR,1989,38(Suppl6):S1-37.
[5]李炜修,冯蕾,张丽.美国免疫实施咨询委员会[J].国际生物制品学杂志,2009,32(6):326-329.LI Weixiu,FENG Lei,ZHANG Li.Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices[J].International Journal of Biologicals,2009,32(6):326-329.
[6]Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,Centers for Disease Cont rol and Prevention.Immunization of health-care personnel:recommendations of the Advisory Commi t tee on Immuniza t ion Pract ices(ACIP)[J].MMWR,2011,60(RR-7):1-25 quiz CE1-7.
[7]MONA M,MARIEL M,MOORE KL,et al.Recommenda t ion of t he Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for use of a third dose of mumps virus-containing vaccine in persons at increased risk for mumps during an outbreak[J].MMWR,2018,67(1):33-38.
[8]MONA MARIN,DALYA GüRIS,CHAVES SS,et al.Prevention of varicella[J].MMWR,2007,56(RR04):1-40.
[9]BLUMBERG EA.Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States:recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices:a summary of the MMWR report[J].American Journal of Transplantation,2018,18(5):1285-1286.
[10]GROHSKOPF LA,SOKOLOW LZ,BRODER KR,et al.Prevention and cont rol of seasonal influenza with vaccines:recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States,2018-19 influenza season[J].MMWR Recommendations and Reports,2018,67(3):1-20
[11]LIANG JL,TIWARI T,MORO P,et al.Prevent ion of per tussis,tetanus,and diphtheria with vaccines in the United States:recommendat ions of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices(ACIP)[J].MMWRRecommendations and Reports,2018,67(2):1-44.
[12]NELSON NP,LINK-GELLES R,HOFMEISTER MG,et al.Update:recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for use of hepatitis A vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis and for preexposure prophylaxis for international travel[J].MMWR,2018,67(43):1216-1220.
[13]COMMI TTEE A,JUNE O,STATES U.Updated recommenda t ions of t he Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices(ACIP)regarding routine poliovirus vaccination[J].MMWR,2009,58(30):829-830.
[14]RUPPRECHT CE,BRIGGS D,BROWN CM,et al.Use of a reduced(4-dose)vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies-recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization[J].Annals of Emergency Medicine,2010,59(RR-2):1-8.
[15]PETERSEN BW,HARMS TJ,REYNOLDS MG,et al.Use of vaccinia virus smallpox vaccine in laboratory and health care personnel at risk for occupational exposure to orthopoxviruses-recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices(ACIP),2015[J].MMWR,2016,65(10):257.
[16]WRIGHT JG,QUINN CP,SHADOMY S,et al.Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States:recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices(ACIP),2009[J].Recommendations and Reports,2010,59(RR06):1-30.
[17]LISTED N.The role of BCG vaccine in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States.A joint statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices[J].MMWR Recommendations and Reports,1996,45(RR-4):1-18.
[18]HAMBORSKY J,KROGER A,WOLFE S,et al.Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases[M].13th ed.Washington D.C.:Public Health Foundation,2015:238.
[19]JR J AB,RUBIN L,FISCHER M,et al.Use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in children:recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices,2013[J].MMWR,2013,62(45):898.
[20]J ACKSON BR,IQBAL S,MAHON B.Updated recommenda t ions for the use of typhoid vaccineAdvisory Committee on Immunization Practices,United States,2015[J].MMWR,2015,64(11):305.
[21]WONG KK.Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for use of cholera vaccine[J].MMWR,2017,66(18):482.
[22]国务院办公厅.关于加强传染病防治人员安全防护的意见[J].首都公共卫生,2015,9(2):49-50.General Office of State Council.Opinions on strengthening the safety protection ofinfectious disease prevention and control personnel[J].Capital Journal of Public Health,2015,9(2):49-50.
[23]杨君胜,张丽杰,冯录召,等.青海省西宁市医院临床医护人员2016-2017年度流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2018,39(8):1066-1070.YANG Junsheng,ZHANG Li jie,FENG Luzhao,et al.Influenza vaccination and its influencing factors among cl inical staf fof the hospi tals in 2016-2017 season,Xining,Qinghai province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2018,39(8):1066-1070.
[24]宋小磊,张丽杰,申涛,等.医务人员接种流感疫苗及影响因素综述[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2016,22(1):94-98.SONG Xiaolei,ZHANG Li jie,SHEN Tao,et al.Review of coverage rates ofinfluenza vaccine among healthcare workers and influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization,2016,22(1):94-98.
[25]IULIANO AD,ROGUSKI KM,CHANG HH,et al.Es t ima t es of global seasonal influenza-associa t ed respiratory mortality:a modelling study[J].The Lancet,2017,391(10127):1285-1300.
[26]FRANCE EK,GLANZ JM,XU S,et al.Saf ety of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among children:a population-based study[J].Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,2004,158(11):1031-1036.
[27]卜令寒.青岛市医务人员流感和流感疫苗知信行及影响因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2015.BU Linghan.Research on knowledge,attitude,practice and influencing factors about seasonal influenza and seasonal influenza vaccine among healthcare workers in Qingdao city[D].Ji’nan:Shandong University,2015.
[28]冯录召,彭质斌,王大燕,等.中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2018-2019)[J].中华流行病学杂志,2018,39(11):1413-1425.FENG Luzhao,PENG Zhibing,WANG Dayan,et al.Technical guidelines for seasonal influenza vaccination in China(2018-2019)[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2018,39(11):1413-1425.
[29]AGUILAR-DíAZ FDC,JIMéNEZ-CORONA ME,PONCEDE-LEóN-ROSALES S.Influenza vaccine and healthcare workers[J].Archives of Medical Research,2011,42(8):652-657.
[30]郭玉双,邱丹,白勇涛,等.中国脊髓灰质炎网络实验室人员免疫意愿调查研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2017,18(6):427-430.GUO Yushuang,QIU Dan,BAI Yongtao,et al.Survey on the willingness of receiving polio vaccine among workers in polio network laboratories[J].Chinese Preventive Medicine,2017,18(6):427-430.
[31]段梦娟,王华庆.全球代表性国家和地区的成人免疫策略[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2015,21(5):589-592+596.DUAN Meng juan,WANG Huaqing.Immun iza t ion strategies for adults in typical countries and regions[J].Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization,2015,21(5):589-592+596.
[32]BOLYARD EA,TABLAN OC,WILLIAMS WW,et al.Guideline for infection control in healthcare personnel,1998[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,1998,19(6):407-463.