公共卫生援非技术合作项目实施和管理模式探讨
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摘要
目的对援助塞拉利昂固定生物安全实验室技术合作项目(以下简称项目)的实施和管理情况进行总结,为疾病防控领域援非技术合作项目的开展提供借鉴。方法参与项目的管理与实施,选取有关报告、会议纪要、信息档案等资料进行梳理和总结,对12名援塞专家进行访谈,并对访谈内容进行整理和分析。结果根据项目方案,2015年7月—2017年6月向塞拉利昂累计派出40名公共卫生专家,检测埃博拉病毒、寨卡病毒和黄热病毒样本7 151份,埃博拉幸存者体液排毒监测研究样本5 859份,为塞拉利昂公共卫生人员提供了形式多样的实验室技术培训。完善了国家级疾控中心援外队员选派、援外财务管理等制度流程。在实施过程中也面临人员培训困难、立项前对当地调研不足、专家行前培训不充分等问题与挑战。结论公共卫生援非技术合作项目的规划与实施需要在充分了解受援国情况下,统筹规划工作内容与制定预算,聚焦受援国需求,善用多边合作,建立成熟系统的规划和评价体系,通过优质非政府组织购买受援国当地配套服务,做好项目后勤保障,更好地实现"非洲提出、非洲同意、非洲主导",使中国在国际卫生发展援助舞台上担当日益理性而重要的角色。
Objective To summarize the implementation and management of the technical cooperation project for Sierra Leone's fixed biosafety laboratory(hereinafter referred to as the "project"),and provide a reference for the development of technical cooperation projects for non-Sierra Leone in the field of public health,especially disease prevention and control.Methods The author participated in the management and implementation of the project,and the relevant reports,meeting summaries,information files were sorted out and summarized,12 experts were interviewed,and the contents of the interviews were collated and analyzed.Results According to the project programme,40 public health experts were sent to Sierra Leone in two years and 7 151 samples were detected for Ebola virus,Zhaika virus and yellow fever virus,5 859 samples for Ebola survivors' body fluids detoxification surveillance study;various forms of laboratory technical training were provided for Sierra Leone public health personnel.The system and process of selecting foreign aid team members and financial management of national CDC hade been improved.In the process of implementation,there were also some problems and challenges in personnel training,insufficient local research and inadequate pre-training of experts.Conclusion A successful public health assistance and technical cooperation project in Africa should be based on sufficient investigations and understandings of the aid-receiving countries.The matched working and budget,well-understood local needs,proper multilateral cooperation,mutual project planning and evaluation system,and good logistics through capable NGOs together could help China to play a more and more rational and important role in the field of international health assistance,while better recalling the "Africa-proposed,Africa-agreed and Africa-led" principle.
Objective To summarize the implementation and management of the technical cooperation project for Sierra Leone's fixed biosafety laboratory(hereinafter referred to as the "project"),and provide a reference for the development of technical cooperation projects for non-Sierra Leone in the field of public health,especially disease prevention and control.Methods The author participated in the management and implementation of the project,and the relevant reports,meeting summaries,information files were sorted out and summarized,12 experts were interviewed,and the contents of the interviews were collated and analyzed.Results According to the project programme,40 public health experts were sent to Sierra Leone in two years and 7 151 samples were detected for Ebola virus,Zhaika virus and yellow fever virus,5 859 samples for Ebola survivors' body fluids detoxification surveillance study;various forms of laboratory technical training were provided for Sierra Leone public health personnel.The system and process of selecting foreign aid team members and financial management of national CDC hade been improved.In the process of implementation,there were also some problems and challenges in personnel training,insufficient local research and inadequate pre-training of experts.Conclusion A successful public health assistance and technical cooperation project in Africa should be based on sufficient investigations and understandings of the aid-receiving countries.The matched working and budget,well-understood local needs,proper multilateral cooperation,mutual project planning and evaluation system,and good logistics through capable NGOs together could help China to play a more and more rational and important role in the field of international health assistance,while better recalling the "Africa-proposed,Africa-agreed and Africa-led" principle.
引文
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[11] 曾宗祥.实施全球基金卫生项目的财务管理探讨[J].浙江预防医学,2010,22(10):90-92.
[2] Deen GF,McDonald SLR,Marrinan JE,et al.Implementation of a study to examine the persistence of Ebola virus in the body fluids of Ebola virus disease survivors in Sierra Leone:Methodology and lessons learned[J].PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2017,11(9):e0005723.
[3] Deen GF,Broutet N,Xu WB,et al.Ebola RNA persistence in semen of ebola virus disease survivors - final report[J].N Engl J Med,2017,377(15):1428-1437.
[4] 侯梦婷,王金龙,殷文渊,等.公共卫生援外机制及管理现状[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(2):11-14.
[5] 张善纲,浦金辉,赵育新,等.我国对外医疗援助50年回顾与思考[J].人民军医,2013,56(12):1458-1459.
[6] 国务院新闻办公室.《中国的对外援助(2014)》白皮书[EB/OL].(2014-07-10)[2018-12-24].http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/2014/document/1375013/1375013_1.htm.
[7] Alcorn T.New orientation for China's health assistance to Africa[J].Lancet,2015,386(10011):2379-2380.
[8] Lin S,Gao LM,Reyes M,et al.China’s health assistance to Africa:opportunism or altruism?[J].Global Health,2016,12:83.
[9] Lancet T.China-africa health collaboration[J].The Lancet,2015,385(9975):1262.
[10] 刘鸿武,黄梅波.中国对外援助与国际责任的战略研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013:3-4,455-456.
[11] 曾宗祥.实施全球基金卫生项目的财务管理探讨[J].浙江预防医学,2010,22(10):90-92.