乌鲁木齐市大气污染对呼吸系统疾病死亡影响的病例交叉研究
|
摘要
目的定量评估乌鲁木齐市大气污染物短期暴露对呼吸系统疾病死亡的影响。方法采用病例交叉研究的方法,分析2014年1月1日—2015年12月31日乌鲁木齐市大污染与呼吸系统疾病死亡相关性,并按采暖期和年龄等潜在混杂因素进行分层分析。结果PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2质量浓度每增加10μg/m~3,每日呼吸系统疾病死亡发生的OR值分别为1.032(95%CI:1.016~1.049)、1.019(95%CI:1.008~1.030)、1.076(95%CI:1.033~1.120)、1.183(95%CI:1.093~1.281)。按采暖期及年龄分层分析时,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2对每层呼吸系统疾病死亡影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且呼吸系统疾病死亡发生的OR值非采暖期高于采暖期、低龄组高于高龄组。多污染物模型中,PM_(2.5)与其他污染物联合作用对呼吸系统疾病死亡发生OR值均比PM_(2.5)单独影响高,且随着模型中污染物数量的减少OR值有下降趋势。结论乌鲁木齐市大气污染物短期暴露增加呼吸系统疾病死亡人数。
Objective]To quantitatively evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants on respiratory disease mortality in Urumqi.[Methods]Case-crossover study was used to analyze the relationship between atmospheric pollutants and respiratory disease mortality from January 2014 to December 2015 in Urumqi,and stratified analysis was carried out according to the potential mixing factors such as heating period and age.[Results]The mass concentration of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2 increased each 10μg/m~3,the OR of daily respiratory disease mortality was 1.032(95%CI:1.016-1.049),1.019(95%CI:1.008-1.030),1.183(95%CI:1.093-1.281)and 1.076(95%CI:1.033-1.120).In stratified analysis according to heating period and age,significant associations were observed between PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2 and respiratory disease mortality(P<0.05),and the OR of daily respiratory disease mortality in non-heating period and low age group were higher than those in heating period and high age group.In multicontaminant model,the effect of PM_(2.5) combined with other pollutants on OR of daily respiratory disease mortality was higher than the effect of single PM_(2.5),and with the decreasing of pollutants number,the OR had a downtrend.[Conclusion]The short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants can increase the death toll of respiratory disease in Urumqi.
Objective]To quantitatively evaluate the effect of short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants on respiratory disease mortality in Urumqi.[Methods]Case-crossover study was used to analyze the relationship between atmospheric pollutants and respiratory disease mortality from January 2014 to December 2015 in Urumqi,and stratified analysis was carried out according to the potential mixing factors such as heating period and age.[Results]The mass concentration of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2 increased each 10μg/m~3,the OR of daily respiratory disease mortality was 1.032(95%CI:1.016-1.049),1.019(95%CI:1.008-1.030),1.183(95%CI:1.093-1.281)and 1.076(95%CI:1.033-1.120).In stratified analysis according to heating period and age,significant associations were observed between PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2 and respiratory disease mortality(P<0.05),and the OR of daily respiratory disease mortality in non-heating period and low age group were higher than those in heating period and high age group.In multicontaminant model,the effect of PM_(2.5) combined with other pollutants on OR of daily respiratory disease mortality was higher than the effect of single PM_(2.5),and with the decreasing of pollutants number,the OR had a downtrend.[Conclusion]The short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants can increase the death toll of respiratory disease in Urumqi.
引文
[1]NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS COLLABORATOR GROUP.Global,regional,and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioral,environmental and occupational,and metabolic risks or clusters of risks,1990-2015:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015[J].Lancet,2016,388(10053):1659-1724.
[2]COHEN A,BRAUER M,BURNETT R,et al.Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution:an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015[J].Lancet,2017,389(10082):1907-1918.
[3]MADANIYAZI L,NAGASHIMA T,GUO Y,et al.Projecting Fine Particulate Matter-related Mortality in East China[J].Environ Sci Technol,2015,49(18):11141-11150.
[4]张衍燊,马国霞,於万,等.2013年1月灰霾污染事件期间京津冀地区PM2.5污染的人体健康损害评估[J].中华医学杂志,2013,93(34):2707-2710.
[5]YAN JM,CHEN RJ,GUO WP,et al.Fine particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Shenyang,China[J].Sci Total Environ,2011,409(13):2473-2477.
[6]CHUN XY,XIAO WP,WEI H,et al.A time-stratified case-crossover study of fine particulate matter air pollution and mortality in Guangzhou,China[J].Int Arch Occ Env Hea,2012,85(5):579-585.
[7]王德征,江国虹,徐忠良,等.SAS宏程序在病例交叉设计资料整理中的应用[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(10):1057-1061.
[8]CHEN R,YIN P,MENG X,et al.Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality:A Nationwide Analysis in 272 Chinese Cities[J].Am JRespir Crit Care Med,2017,196(1):73-81.
[9]鲍玉星,晓开题·依不拉音,吴文华,等.乌鲁木齐大气污染与呼吸系统疾病日住院人数的时间序列分析[J].新疆医科大学学报,2014,36(4):537-541,546.
[10]刘昌景,黄飞,杨志洲,等.我国空气污染物与人群呼吸系统疾病死亡急性效应的Meta分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(8):889-895.
[11]LAIS F,PAULO S,LUIZ ALBERTO A,et al.Short-term effects of fine particulate matter pollution on daily health events in Latin America:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Int J Public Health,2017,62(7):729-738.
[12]MARTIN B,JANA V,MAREK M,et al.Association of size-resolved number concentrations of particulate matter with cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and mortality in Prague,Czech Republic[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2010,22(2):21-28.
[13]CHIUSOLO M,CADUM E,STAFOGGIA M,et al.Short-Term Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Mortality and Susceptibility Factors in 10Italian Cities:The Epi Air Study[J].Enviorn Health Persp,2011,119(9):1233-1238.
[14]JANINE W,KUKE V.Ambient air pollution exposure and respiratory,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in cape town,South Africa:2001-2006.[J].Inter J Env Res Pub Heal,2012,9(11):3978-4016.
[15]REN JC,WH,CHIT MING W,et al.Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and daily mortality in 17 Chinese cities:The China air pollution and health effects study(CAPES)[J].Environ Res,2012,118:101-106.
[16]LI Y,ZHI QM,CAN JZ,et al.Ambient temperature enhanced acute cardiovascular-respiratory mortality effects of PM2.5 in Beijing,China[J].Int J Biometeor,2015,59(12):1761-1770.
[17]李林.不同粒径的大气颗粒物对各疾病别死亡的急性效应的研究[D].天津:南开大学,2014.
[18]朱耀辉,吴然,钟佩2),等.武汉市江岸区温度在大气颗粒物短期暴露对居民死亡影响的修饰效应[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50(6):519-524.
[19]ZUNIGA JM,TARAJIA MM,HERRRARA VM,et al.Assessment of the Possible Association of Air Pollutants PM10,O3,NO2 With an Increase in Cardiovascular,Respiratory,and Diabetes Mortality in Panama City:2003 to 2013 Data Analysis[J].Med,2016,95(2):24-64.
[20]GARRETT P,CASIMIRO E.Short-term effect of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and ozone on daily mortality in Lisbon,Portugal[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2011,18(9):1585-1592.
[21]谷晔,温姣,张健鹏,等.PM2.5与呼吸系统相关疾病的研究进展[J].中华灾害救援医学,2016,4(6):332-336.
[2]COHEN A,BRAUER M,BURNETT R,et al.Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution:an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015[J].Lancet,2017,389(10082):1907-1918.
[3]MADANIYAZI L,NAGASHIMA T,GUO Y,et al.Projecting Fine Particulate Matter-related Mortality in East China[J].Environ Sci Technol,2015,49(18):11141-11150.
[4]张衍燊,马国霞,於万,等.2013年1月灰霾污染事件期间京津冀地区PM2.5污染的人体健康损害评估[J].中华医学杂志,2013,93(34):2707-2710.
[5]YAN JM,CHEN RJ,GUO WP,et al.Fine particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Shenyang,China[J].Sci Total Environ,2011,409(13):2473-2477.
[6]CHUN XY,XIAO WP,WEI H,et al.A time-stratified case-crossover study of fine particulate matter air pollution and mortality in Guangzhou,China[J].Int Arch Occ Env Hea,2012,85(5):579-585.
[7]王德征,江国虹,徐忠良,等.SAS宏程序在病例交叉设计资料整理中的应用[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2015,19(10):1057-1061.
[8]CHEN R,YIN P,MENG X,et al.Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality:A Nationwide Analysis in 272 Chinese Cities[J].Am JRespir Crit Care Med,2017,196(1):73-81.
[9]鲍玉星,晓开题·依不拉音,吴文华,等.乌鲁木齐大气污染与呼吸系统疾病日住院人数的时间序列分析[J].新疆医科大学学报,2014,36(4):537-541,546.
[10]刘昌景,黄飞,杨志洲,等.我国空气污染物与人群呼吸系统疾病死亡急性效应的Meta分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2015,36(8):889-895.
[11]LAIS F,PAULO S,LUIZ ALBERTO A,et al.Short-term effects of fine particulate matter pollution on daily health events in Latin America:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Int J Public Health,2017,62(7):729-738.
[12]MARTIN B,JANA V,MAREK M,et al.Association of size-resolved number concentrations of particulate matter with cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and mortality in Prague,Czech Republic[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2010,22(2):21-28.
[13]CHIUSOLO M,CADUM E,STAFOGGIA M,et al.Short-Term Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Mortality and Susceptibility Factors in 10Italian Cities:The Epi Air Study[J].Enviorn Health Persp,2011,119(9):1233-1238.
[14]JANINE W,KUKE V.Ambient air pollution exposure and respiratory,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in cape town,South Africa:2001-2006.[J].Inter J Env Res Pub Heal,2012,9(11):3978-4016.
[15]REN JC,WH,CHIT MING W,et al.Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and daily mortality in 17 Chinese cities:The China air pollution and health effects study(CAPES)[J].Environ Res,2012,118:101-106.
[16]LI Y,ZHI QM,CAN JZ,et al.Ambient temperature enhanced acute cardiovascular-respiratory mortality effects of PM2.5 in Beijing,China[J].Int J Biometeor,2015,59(12):1761-1770.
[17]李林.不同粒径的大气颗粒物对各疾病别死亡的急性效应的研究[D].天津:南开大学,2014.
[18]朱耀辉,吴然,钟佩2),等.武汉市江岸区温度在大气颗粒物短期暴露对居民死亡影响的修饰效应[J].中华预防医学杂志,2016,50(6):519-524.
[19]ZUNIGA JM,TARAJIA MM,HERRRARA VM,et al.Assessment of the Possible Association of Air Pollutants PM10,O3,NO2 With an Increase in Cardiovascular,Respiratory,and Diabetes Mortality in Panama City:2003 to 2013 Data Analysis[J].Med,2016,95(2):24-64.
[20]GARRETT P,CASIMIRO E.Short-term effect of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and ozone on daily mortality in Lisbon,Portugal[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2011,18(9):1585-1592.
[21]谷晔,温姣,张健鹏,等.PM2.5与呼吸系统相关疾病的研究进展[J].中华灾害救援医学,2016,4(6):332-336.