西瓜种传枯萎病病原菌鉴定及其防控方法
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摘要
为明确西瓜生产中一种幼苗新病害的病原菌种类,分离纯化获得菌株XG1601,并测定其致病性,利用形态学特征和rDNA ITS序列分析技术明确了该病原菌的分类地位,研究了不同杀菌剂及干热处理西瓜种子对该病害的防治效果。结果显示,结合形态特征及rDNA ITS序列技术分析最终确定菌株XG1601为尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum。该病原菌为种子传带,引起西瓜种传枯萎病,西瓜种子种皮和种胚的带菌率分别为5.4%和1.7%,在温室中播种30 d左右,幼苗的发病率可达35.7%～41.1%。种子处理对该病害的防治试验结果显示,6.25%精甲霜灵?咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂和2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂包衣种子对病害的防治效果分别为67.0%和68.6%,80℃干热处理种子72～96 h的防治效果均为100.0%,且对处理种子的发芽势、出苗率和鲜重均无不利影响。说明80℃干热处理种子72～96 h对西瓜种传枯萎病的防治效果最好。
To clarify the pathogen of one new watermelon seedling disease, the strain XG1601 was obtained from the symptomatic seedlings, and the strain was identified by the morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The control effects of dry heat treatments and different fungicide treatments on this disease were tested. The results showed that strain XG1601 was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The rates of infected seed coat and embryo were 5.4% and 1.7%, respectively. After sowed in the greenhouse at 30 d, the rate of diseased seedlings was 35.7%-41.1%. The disease control efficacies of the treatments with seeds coated with 6.25% metalaxy1-M?fludioxonil seedcoating suspension and 2.5% fludioxonil seed-coating suspension reached 67.0% and 68.6%, respectively. The dry-heat treatment at 80℃ for 72-96 h showed the best control efficiency(100%) against Fusarium wilt of watermelon without negative influence on seed germination energy, seedling emergence rate and seedling fresh weight. The results indicated that the dry-heat treatment was the best disease management strategy.
To clarify the pathogen of one new watermelon seedling disease, the strain XG1601 was obtained from the symptomatic seedlings, and the strain was identified by the morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The control effects of dry heat treatments and different fungicide treatments on this disease were tested. The results showed that strain XG1601 was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The rates of infected seed coat and embryo were 5.4% and 1.7%, respectively. After sowed in the greenhouse at 30 d, the rate of diseased seedlings was 35.7%-41.1%. The disease control efficacies of the treatments with seeds coated with 6.25% metalaxy1-M?fludioxonil seedcoating suspension and 2.5% fludioxonil seed-coating suspension reached 67.0% and 68.6%, respectively. The dry-heat treatment at 80℃ for 72-96 h showed the best control efficiency(100%) against Fusarium wilt of watermelon without negative influence on seed germination energy, seedling emergence rate and seedling fresh weight. The results indicated that the dry-heat treatment was the best disease management strategy.
引文
Boughalleb N,El-Mahjoub M.2007.Frequency of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum and F.solani f.sp.cucurbitae from watermelon seeds and their effect on disease incidence.Research Journal of Parasitology,2(1):32-38
Fang ZD.1998.Plant disease research methods(3rd edition).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,pp.122-127(in Chinese)[方中达.1998.植病研究方法(第3版).北京:中国农业出版社,pp.122-127]
Feng CM,Mo YB,Pan XB,Chen HP.2006.Effects of different root stocks on disease resistance and main economic characters in watermelon.Chinese Agriculture Science Bulletin,22(2):289-291(in Chinese)[冯春梅,莫云彬,潘晓飚,陈海平.2006.不同砧木嫁接对西瓜抗病性及主要经济性状的影响.中国农学通报,22(2):289-291]
Gargouri S,Hajlaoui MR,Abdennadher M,Marrakchi M.2000.Isolation and morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium spp.transmitted by watermelon seeds.Bulletin OEPP,30(2):217-222
Han LZ,Li XF,Wang JM.2011.Isolation and identification of several diseased plants of Fusarium.Agricultural Technology and Equipment,(3):48-51,56(in Chinese)[韩利真,李新凤,王建明.2011.几种罹病植物镰刀菌的分离鉴定.农业技术与装备,(3):48-51,56]
Kim DH,Lee JM.2000.Seed treatment for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV)in gourd(Lagenaria siceraria)seeds and its detection.Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science,41:1-6
Kim SM,Nam SH,Lee JM,Yim KO,Kim KH.2003.Destruction of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus by heat treatment and rapid detection of virus inactivation by RT-PCR.Molecules&Cells,16(3):338-342
Lee JM.2004.Advances in seed treatments for horticultural crops.Chronica Horticulturae,44(2):11-20
Leslie JF,Summerell BA.2006.The Fusarium laboratory manual.England:Blackwell Publishing,pp.212
Michail SH,Rehim MAA,Tarabeih AM,Aly MA.2002.Effect of Fusarium seed-borne infection levels on watermelon wilt incidence.Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica,37(4):347-351
Miguel A,Maroto JV,San Bautista A,Baixauli C,Cebolla V,Pascual B,López S,Guardiola JL.2004.The grafting of triploid watermelon is an advantageous alternative to soil fumigation by methyl bromide for control of Fusarium wilt.Scientia Horticulturae,103:9-17
Sakata Y,Ohara T,Sugiyama M.2007.The history and present state of the grafting of cucurbitaceous vegetables in Japan.Acta Horticulturae,731:159-170
Song SH,Wu P,Zheng XY,Ding HF.2011.Sterilizing effects of dry heat treatment and its influence on vegetable seed quality.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,40(4):117-119(in Chinese)[宋顺华,吴萍,郑晓鹰,丁海凤.2011.干热处理对蔬菜种子质量的影响及其杀菌效果研究.河南农业科学,40(4):117-119]
Song SH,Xu XL,Wu P,Meng SC,Geng LH.2017.Effect of seed treatment on the control of three watermelon diseases at seedling stage.Plant Protection,43(3):201-212(in Chinese)[宋顺华,徐秀兰,吴萍,孟淑春,耿丽华.2017.种子处理对西瓜苗期3种病害的防治效果.植物保护,43(3):201-212]
Su SJ,Yu CL,Cheng HS.2005.The compared with different grafting methods on watermelon.Northern Fruits,(5):17-18(in Chinese)[苏胜举,于春雷,程洪森.2005.西瓜不同嫁接方法对比试验.北方果树,(5):17-18]
White TJ,Bruns T,Lee S,Taylor JW.1990.Ampli?cation and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.//Innis MA,Gelfand DH,Sninsky JJ,White TJ.PCR protocols:a guide to methods and application.San Diego,New York:Academic Press,pp.315-322
Wu XH,Han LM,Chen Q,Li HH,Gu QS.2009.Morphological and molecular identification of seed borne Fusarium of watermelon and its effect on seed germination.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,39(2):118-124(in Chinese)[吴学宏,韩鲁明,陈倩,李怀方,古勤生.2009.西瓜种传镰刀菌形态和分子鉴定及其对种子发芽的影响.植物病理学报,39(2):118-124]
Wu XH,Lu ZJ,Chen Q,Han LM,Li HH,Gu QS.2010.Pythogenicity of seedborne Fusarium oxysporum of watermelon and effect of its crude toxin on seed germination.Journal of China Agricultural University,15(3):50-56(in Chinese)[吴学宏,卢志军,陈倩,韩鲁明,李怀方,古勤生.2010.西瓜种传尖孢镰刀菌致病性及其粗毒素对种子发芽的影响.中国农业大学学报,15(3):50-56]
Xu JH,Huang DF,Zhi YE.2004.Relationship of PAL activity and transfer of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum in grafted watermelon.Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),22(1):12-16(in Chinese)[徐敬华,黄丹枫,支月娥.2004.PAL活性与嫁接西瓜枯萎病抗性传递的相关性.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),22(1):12-16]
Xu WH,Zhou Y,Wu FZ.2013.Research progress on Fusarium wilt of watermelon.China Vegetables,(8):4-11(in Chinese)[徐伟慧,周岩,吴凤芝.2013.西瓜枯萎病的研究进展.中国蔬菜,(8):4-11]
Zang JC,Luo WD,Meng ZP,Shi KQ,Wang SQ,Zhang WS,Wang DQ.2001.Occurrence and integrated control of watermelon wilt disease.Plant Protection,27(5):48-49(in Chinese)[臧君彩,罗维德,孟昭萍,石克强,王淑清,张文山,王德清.2001.西瓜枯萎病发生危害与综合防治.植物保护,27(5):48-49]
Zheng GF,Xu YY,Xu ZH,Zhang ZF,Shi XJ.2000.Breeding of Chao Feng F1hybrid watermelon rootstock and its utilization for repeated stubble culture of watermelon.Journal of Fruit Science,17(3):207-213(in Chinese)[郑高飞,徐永阳,徐志红,张志发,史宣杰.2000.超丰F1砧木品种选育及其在西瓜抗重茬栽培中的应用.果树科学,17(3):207-213]
Fang ZD.1998.Plant disease research methods(3rd edition).Beijing:China Agriculture Press,pp.122-127(in Chinese)[方中达.1998.植病研究方法(第3版).北京:中国农业出版社,pp.122-127]
Feng CM,Mo YB,Pan XB,Chen HP.2006.Effects of different root stocks on disease resistance and main economic characters in watermelon.Chinese Agriculture Science Bulletin,22(2):289-291(in Chinese)[冯春梅,莫云彬,潘晓飚,陈海平.2006.不同砧木嫁接对西瓜抗病性及主要经济性状的影响.中国农学通报,22(2):289-291]
Gargouri S,Hajlaoui MR,Abdennadher M,Marrakchi M.2000.Isolation and morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium spp.transmitted by watermelon seeds.Bulletin OEPP,30(2):217-222
Han LZ,Li XF,Wang JM.2011.Isolation and identification of several diseased plants of Fusarium.Agricultural Technology and Equipment,(3):48-51,56(in Chinese)[韩利真,李新凤,王建明.2011.几种罹病植物镰刀菌的分离鉴定.农业技术与装备,(3):48-51,56]
Kim DH,Lee JM.2000.Seed treatment for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus(CGMMV)in gourd(Lagenaria siceraria)seeds and its detection.Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science,41:1-6
Kim SM,Nam SH,Lee JM,Yim KO,Kim KH.2003.Destruction of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus by heat treatment and rapid detection of virus inactivation by RT-PCR.Molecules&Cells,16(3):338-342
Lee JM.2004.Advances in seed treatments for horticultural crops.Chronica Horticulturae,44(2):11-20
Leslie JF,Summerell BA.2006.The Fusarium laboratory manual.England:Blackwell Publishing,pp.212
Michail SH,Rehim MAA,Tarabeih AM,Aly MA.2002.Effect of Fusarium seed-borne infection levels on watermelon wilt incidence.Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica,37(4):347-351
Miguel A,Maroto JV,San Bautista A,Baixauli C,Cebolla V,Pascual B,López S,Guardiola JL.2004.The grafting of triploid watermelon is an advantageous alternative to soil fumigation by methyl bromide for control of Fusarium wilt.Scientia Horticulturae,103:9-17
Sakata Y,Ohara T,Sugiyama M.2007.The history and present state of the grafting of cucurbitaceous vegetables in Japan.Acta Horticulturae,731:159-170
Song SH,Wu P,Zheng XY,Ding HF.2011.Sterilizing effects of dry heat treatment and its influence on vegetable seed quality.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,40(4):117-119(in Chinese)[宋顺华,吴萍,郑晓鹰,丁海凤.2011.干热处理对蔬菜种子质量的影响及其杀菌效果研究.河南农业科学,40(4):117-119]
Song SH,Xu XL,Wu P,Meng SC,Geng LH.2017.Effect of seed treatment on the control of three watermelon diseases at seedling stage.Plant Protection,43(3):201-212(in Chinese)[宋顺华,徐秀兰,吴萍,孟淑春,耿丽华.2017.种子处理对西瓜苗期3种病害的防治效果.植物保护,43(3):201-212]
Su SJ,Yu CL,Cheng HS.2005.The compared with different grafting methods on watermelon.Northern Fruits,(5):17-18(in Chinese)[苏胜举,于春雷,程洪森.2005.西瓜不同嫁接方法对比试验.北方果树,(5):17-18]
White TJ,Bruns T,Lee S,Taylor JW.1990.Ampli?cation and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.//Innis MA,Gelfand DH,Sninsky JJ,White TJ.PCR protocols:a guide to methods and application.San Diego,New York:Academic Press,pp.315-322
Wu XH,Han LM,Chen Q,Li HH,Gu QS.2009.Morphological and molecular identification of seed borne Fusarium of watermelon and its effect on seed germination.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,39(2):118-124(in Chinese)[吴学宏,韩鲁明,陈倩,李怀方,古勤生.2009.西瓜种传镰刀菌形态和分子鉴定及其对种子发芽的影响.植物病理学报,39(2):118-124]
Wu XH,Lu ZJ,Chen Q,Han LM,Li HH,Gu QS.2010.Pythogenicity of seedborne Fusarium oxysporum of watermelon and effect of its crude toxin on seed germination.Journal of China Agricultural University,15(3):50-56(in Chinese)[吴学宏,卢志军,陈倩,韩鲁明,李怀方,古勤生.2010.西瓜种传尖孢镰刀菌致病性及其粗毒素对种子发芽的影响.中国农业大学学报,15(3):50-56]
Xu JH,Huang DF,Zhi YE.2004.Relationship of PAL activity and transfer of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum in grafted watermelon.Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science),22(1):12-16(in Chinese)[徐敬华,黄丹枫,支月娥.2004.PAL活性与嫁接西瓜枯萎病抗性传递的相关性.上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),22(1):12-16]
Xu WH,Zhou Y,Wu FZ.2013.Research progress on Fusarium wilt of watermelon.China Vegetables,(8):4-11(in Chinese)[徐伟慧,周岩,吴凤芝.2013.西瓜枯萎病的研究进展.中国蔬菜,(8):4-11]
Zang JC,Luo WD,Meng ZP,Shi KQ,Wang SQ,Zhang WS,Wang DQ.2001.Occurrence and integrated control of watermelon wilt disease.Plant Protection,27(5):48-49(in Chinese)[臧君彩,罗维德,孟昭萍,石克强,王淑清,张文山,王德清.2001.西瓜枯萎病发生危害与综合防治.植物保护,27(5):48-49]
Zheng GF,Xu YY,Xu ZH,Zhang ZF,Shi XJ.2000.Breeding of Chao Feng F1hybrid watermelon rootstock and its utilization for repeated stubble culture of watermelon.Journal of Fruit Science,17(3):207-213(in Chinese)[郑高飞,徐永阳,徐志红,张志发,史宣杰.2000.超丰F1砧木品种选育及其在西瓜抗重茬栽培中的应用.果树科学,17(3):207-213]