疯草类植物在美国天然草地的分布及其动物中毒病研究现状与展望
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摘要
疯草专门指含苦马豆素、采食后引起慢性神经机能障碍、表现发疯样症状的一类毒草,由此所致中毒称为疯草病,主要分布在美国西部。近年来我国疯草面积不断增大,危害程度超过雪灾和疫病,已经成为危害我国西部草原畜牧业可持续发展的严重毒草。美国从19世纪末就开始疯草生物学、生态学、毒理学及其动物中毒病研究,是世界上率先开展疯草研究的国家,在应对草地疯草灾害防控方面具有丰富经验。我国天然草地疯草研究起步晚,与美国有很大差距。本文就美国天然草地疯草的研究历史、种类分布、灾害状况、毒理学和疯草防治技术等方面的进展进行归纳总结,旨在为我国天然草地疯草中毒病的致病机制和灾害防控技术研究提供借鉴。
Locoweed refers specifically to a kind of poisonous grasses containing swainsonine,which cause chronic neurological dysfunction and animal crazy symptoms after eating,and the poisoning caused by it is called locoism,mainly distributing in the western United States.In recent years,the area of locoweed in China has been increasing,and its harm degree exceeds that of snow disaster and epidemic disease.It has become a serious poisonous grass which endangers the sustainable development of animal husbandry in western China.Since the end of the 19 th century,the USA has been studying the biology,ecology,toxicology and animal poisoning of locoweed.It is the first country in the world to research on locoweed.It has rich experience in dealing with the prevention and control of grassland locoweed disaster.The level of the locoweed`s research in China is far behind USA.In this paper,the research history,species and distribution,the situation of the toxicity disaster,toxicology and prevention and treatments of locoweeds in American natural grassland were summarized to provide reference for the research on the pathogenic mechanism and disaster prevention and control of locoweed poisoning in China.
Locoweed refers specifically to a kind of poisonous grasses containing swainsonine,which cause chronic neurological dysfunction and animal crazy symptoms after eating,and the poisoning caused by it is called locoism,mainly distributing in the western United States.In recent years,the area of locoweed in China has been increasing,and its harm degree exceeds that of snow disaster and epidemic disease.It has become a serious poisonous grass which endangers the sustainable development of animal husbandry in western China.Since the end of the 19 th century,the USA has been studying the biology,ecology,toxicology and animal poisoning of locoweed.It is the first country in the world to research on locoweed.It has rich experience in dealing with the prevention and control of grassland locoweed disaster.The level of the locoweed`s research in China is far behind USA.In this paper,the research history,species and distribution,the situation of the toxicity disaster,toxicology and prevention and treatments of locoweeds in American natural grassland were summarized to provide reference for the research on the pathogenic mechanism and disaster prevention and control of locoweed poisoning in China.
引文
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[14]ralphs M H,Grahamj D,James L F.A close look at locoweed poisoning on shortgrass prairies[J].Rangelands,2002(24):30-34
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