摘要
云南红河州泸西县为云南重要的苹果新产区,调查鉴定泸西县苹果病虫害的发生情况,对泸西县的苹果病虫害防控,苹果产业发展具有重要意义。本研究系统调查和鉴定了云南红河州泸西县向阳乡习峨村、三塘乡、向阳乡沙马村等3个苹果产区的病虫害。通过室内病原显微观察,对真菌病原进行形态鉴定,应用RT-PCR检测技术与测序鉴定病毒,害虫形态鉴定。最终结果表明:云南泸西苹果病虫害共8种,其中真菌病害3种,有斑点落叶病、枝干轮纹病、褐斑病;病毒病害2种,有苹果茎沟病毒病、苹果花叶病毒病;虫害3种,蚜虫、蓟马和金纹细蛾3种虫害。其中斑点落叶病和褐斑病为主要病害,病毒病害其次,虫害发生率较小。其次通过调查与鉴定,否定了危险性病害苹果炭疽叶枯病在云南泸西的存在。
Apple industry has been vigorously developed in Luxi county, Honghe prefecture of Yunnan province,which became the important new apple production area in Yunnan, so the occurrence of disease and pest were necessary to be investigated and identified for the development of apple industry in Luxi county. The systemic diseases and pests survey were carried out at XiE Villege of Xiangyang, Santang township and Shama Villege of Xiangyang in Luxi County. The fungi diseases and insects were identified by observed pathogen or insect characters,and viruses were identified using RT-PCR. The results showed that total 8 kinds of apple diseases and insect pests were investigated and identified. Among those diseases, three kinds of fungus diseases, apple spotted deciduous disease, apple branch disease and apple brown spot disease, respectively, were investigated and identified,. Two kinds of viral diseases, Apple stem grooving virus(ASGV) and Apple Mosaic Virus(ApMV), respectively, were investigated and identified. Three kinds of insects, Aphidoidea, Thripidae and Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats,respectively, were investigated and identified, that were. Among these diseases and pests, spotted leaf and brown spot disease were the main diseases. The virus disease occurrence lay behind ones, and few insects occurred. The study showed that apple anthrax leaf blight was not found in Luxi, Yunnan.
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