冲动性暴力犯罪人员对不同情绪面孔识别能力的特点
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摘要
目的:探究冲动性暴力犯罪人员和对照组对不同情绪面孔识别能力的差异。方法:选取某监狱暴力犯罪人员90人,从中筛选出冲动性暴力犯罪人员59人,另外招募某高校后勤工作人员和保安35人作为对照组,采用2组别(冲动性暴力犯罪人员组、对照组)×4情绪类型(高兴、愤怒、悲伤、恐惧)的混合实验设计,通过情绪表情多形任务得到两组被试对高兴、愤怒、悲伤和恐惧面孔的情绪识别任务得分、错误个数和按键转换次数。结果:剔除错误率在30%以上的被试4人,最终有效数据冲动性暴力犯罪人员58人,对照组32人。冲动性暴力犯罪人员对高兴[(18.6±3.4) vs.(16.4±4.0),P<0.01]和愤怒[(16.2±2.4) vs.(14.1±3.2),P<0.01]表情的识别任务得分高于对照组。对于不同情绪的面孔刺激,冲动性暴力犯罪人员的情绪识别任务得分呈现出高兴>愤怒>恐惧>悲伤的趋势(均P<0.05);对照组也呈现出高兴>愤怒>恐惧/悲伤的趋势(均P<0.05),但恐惧和悲伤的识别任务得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:本研究提示,冲动性暴力犯罪人员可能对高兴和愤怒面孔的敏感性更高。
Objective:To explore the difference of emotion recognition ability between impulsive violent criminals and the controls.Methods:Fifty-nine impulsive violent criminals were selected from 90 violent criminals in a prison.The control group consisted of 35 service workers and security guards recruited from a university.The 2 group(impulsive violent criminals group,control group) ×4 emotion(happiness,anger,sadness,fear) hybrid design was used in this study.The emotion recognition score,errors number and changed response number for each of the four emotions,including happiness,anger,sadness and fear,were obtained through an emotional expression multimorph task to investigate the difference of emotion recognition ability between the two groups.Results:Four participants with error rate more than 30% were excluded.The effective data involved 58 impulsive violent criminals and 32 control subjects.The impulsive violent criminals had significant higher recognition scores of happiness [(18.6±3.4) vs.(16.4±4.0),P<0.01] and anger [(16.2±2.4) vs.(14.1±3.2),P<0.01] than the control group.In impulsive violent criminals,the recognition scores of facial expressions ranked from high to low were that of happiness,anger,fear and sadness(Ps<0.05).In the control group,the recognition scores of facial expressions ranked from high to low were that of happiness,anger,fear/sadness(Ps<0.05),but there was no significant difference between recognition scores of fear and sadness(P>0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the impulsive violent criminals might have a higher sensitivity to happy and angry facial expressions.
Objective:To explore the difference of emotion recognition ability between impulsive violent criminals and the controls.Methods:Fifty-nine impulsive violent criminals were selected from 90 violent criminals in a prison.The control group consisted of 35 service workers and security guards recruited from a university.The 2 group(impulsive violent criminals group,control group) ×4 emotion(happiness,anger,sadness,fear) hybrid design was used in this study.The emotion recognition score,errors number and changed response number for each of the four emotions,including happiness,anger,sadness and fear,were obtained through an emotional expression multimorph task to investigate the difference of emotion recognition ability between the two groups.Results:Four participants with error rate more than 30% were excluded.The effective data involved 58 impulsive violent criminals and 32 control subjects.The impulsive violent criminals had significant higher recognition scores of happiness [(18.6±3.4) vs.(16.4±4.0),P<0.01] and anger [(16.2±2.4) vs.(14.1±3.2),P<0.01] than the control group.In impulsive violent criminals,the recognition scores of facial expressions ranked from high to low were that of happiness,anger,fear and sadness(Ps<0.05).In the control group,the recognition scores of facial expressions ranked from high to low were that of happiness,anger,fear/sadness(Ps<0.05),but there was no significant difference between recognition scores of fear and sadness(P>0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the impulsive violent criminals might have a higher sensitivity to happy and angry facial expressions.
引文
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[19]Bagcioglu E,Isikli H,Demirel H,et al.Facial emotion recognition in male antisocial personality disorders with or without adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Compr Psychiatry,2014,55(5):1152-1156.
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[23]Stevens D,Charman T,Blair RJR.Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies[J].J Genet Psychol,2001,162(2):201-211.
[24]Glenn AL,Raine A.Psychopathy and instrumental aggression:evolutionary,neurobiological,and legal perspectives[J].Int J Law Psychiatry,2009,32(4):253-258.
[25]Faul F,Erdfelder E,Lang AG,et al.G* Power 3:a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social,behavioral,and biomedical Sciences [J].Behav Res Methods,2007,39(2):175-191.
[26]Tottenham N,Tanaka JW,Leon AC,et al.The NimStim set of facial expressions:judgments from untrained research participants[J].Psychiatry Res,2009,168(3):242-249.
[27]Rich BA,Grimley ME,SchmajukM,et al.Face emotion labeling deficits in children with bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation[J].Dev Psychopathol,2008,20(2):529-546.
[28]BergHE,Ballard ED,LuckenbaughDA,et al.Recognition of emotional facial expressions in anxious and nonanxious depression[J].Compr Psychiatry,2016,70:1-8.doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.007.
[29]Mack A,Rock I.Inattentional blindness[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1998.
[30]崔雪融,王振宏,蒋长好,等.面部表情信息的上下不对称性[J].心理科学,2009,(5):1183-1185.
[31]Adolphs R.Recognizing emotion from facial expressions:psychological and neurological mechanisms[J].Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev,2002,1(1):21-62.
[2] Berkowitz L.Aggression:its causes,consequences,and control[M].New York:Mcgraw-Hill Book Company,1993.
[3] Stanford MS,Houston RJ,Mathias CW,et al.Characterizing aggressive behavior[J].Assessment,2003,10(2):183-190.
[4] 乔屹,谢斌,张明岛.冲动-预谋性攻击行为量表中文版的信效度检验[J].中华行为医学科学与脑科学杂志,2009,18(4):366-368.
[5] 张苏军.循证矫正在中国的实践探索[M].北京:法律出版社,2016.
[6] Dodge KA.A social information-processing model of social competence in children[M]// Perlmutter MR.Cognitive perspective on children' s social and behavioral development.Hillsdale:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1986:77-125.
[7] Akhtar N,Bradley EJ.Social information processing deficits of aggressive children:present findings and implications for social skills training[J].Clin Psychol Rev,1991,11(5):621-644.
[8] Blair RJR,Mitchell DGV,Peschardt KS,et al.Reduced sensitivity to others' fearful expressions in psychopathic individuals[J].Pers Individ Dif,2004,37(6):1111-1122.
[9] Sch?nenberg M,Louis K,Mayer S,et al.Impaired identification of threat-related social information in male delinquents with antisocial personality disorder[J].J Pers Disord,2013,27(4):496-505.
[10]Fairchild G,Stobbe Y,Van Goozen SHM,et al.Facial expression recognition,fear conditioning,and startle modulation in female subjects with conduct disorder[J].Biol Psychiatry,2010,68(3):272-279.
[11]Best M,Williams JM,Coccaro EF.Evidence for a dysfunctional prefrontal circuit in patients with an impulsive aggressive disorder[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci,2002,99(12):8448-8453.
[12]Cooke DJ,Forth AE,Hare RD.Psychopathy:theory,research and implications for society[M].Netherlands:Springer Science & Business Media,2012.
[13] Hemphill JF, Hare RD,Wong S .Psychopathy and recidivisim:a review [J].Legal and Criminol Psychol,2011,3 (1):139-170.
[14]Blair RJR,Jones L,Clark F,et al.The psychopathic individual:a lack of responsiveness to distress cues[J].Psychophysiology,1997,34(2):192-198.
[15]DolanM,FullamR.Face affect recognition deficits in personality-disordered criminals:association with psychopathy[J].Psychol Med,2006,36(11):1563-1569.
[16]Fairchild G,Van Goozen SH,Calder AJ,et al.Deficits in facial expression recognition in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder[J].J Child Psychol Psyc,2009,50(5):627-636.
[17]Wilkowski BM,Robinson MD.When aggressive individuals see the world more accurately:the case of perceptual sensitivity to subtle facial expressions of anger[J].Pers Soc Psychol Bull,2012,38(4):540-553.
[18]邱方晖,罗跃嘉,贾世伟.个体攻击性对愤怒表情类别知觉的影响[J].心理学报,2016,48(8):946-956.
[19]Bagcioglu E,Isikli H,Demirel H,et al.Facial emotion recognition in male antisocial personality disorders with or without adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].Compr Psychiatry,2014,55(5):1152-1156.
[20]Chen CY,Muggleton NG,Juan CH.Attentional biases to emotion in impulsive and instrumental violent criminals:an event-related potential study[J].J Forens Psychiatry Psychol,2015,26(2):202-223.
[21]Murray LK.Facial expression perception in different psychiatric groups[D].Scotland:University of St Andrews,2000.
[22]Blair RJR,Colledge E,Murray L,et al.A selective impairment in the processing of sad and fearful expressions in children with psychopathic tendencies[J].J Abnorm Child Psychol,2001,29(6):491-498.
[23]Stevens D,Charman T,Blair RJR.Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies[J].J Genet Psychol,2001,162(2):201-211.
[24]Glenn AL,Raine A.Psychopathy and instrumental aggression:evolutionary,neurobiological,and legal perspectives[J].Int J Law Psychiatry,2009,32(4):253-258.
[25]Faul F,Erdfelder E,Lang AG,et al.G* Power 3:a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social,behavioral,and biomedical Sciences [J].Behav Res Methods,2007,39(2):175-191.
[26]Tottenham N,Tanaka JW,Leon AC,et al.The NimStim set of facial expressions:judgments from untrained research participants[J].Psychiatry Res,2009,168(3):242-249.
[27]Rich BA,Grimley ME,SchmajukM,et al.Face emotion labeling deficits in children with bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation[J].Dev Psychopathol,2008,20(2):529-546.
[28]BergHE,Ballard ED,LuckenbaughDA,et al.Recognition of emotional facial expressions in anxious and nonanxious depression[J].Compr Psychiatry,2016,70:1-8.doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.007.
[29]Mack A,Rock I.Inattentional blindness[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1998.
[30]崔雪融,王振宏,蒋长好,等.面部表情信息的上下不对称性[J].心理科学,2009,(5):1183-1185.
[31]Adolphs R.Recognizing emotion from facial expressions:psychological and neurological mechanisms[J].Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev,2002,1(1):21-62.