虫草多糖对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质和肠道形态结构的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究虫草多糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道形态结构的影响。试验选取70周龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡270只,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验设对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.01%和0.02%虫草多糖的饲粮)。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。以重复为单位每天记录蛋鸡产蛋数、破软蛋数和蛋重,每周记录其采食量,计算产蛋率、破软蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量和料蛋比;试验结束后,蛋鸡禁食12 h,取其十二指肠、空肠和回肠,测定肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度、肠壁厚度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率以及其空肠、回肠的绒毛高度和十二指肠肠壁厚度显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡的平均日产蛋重显著提高(P<0.05),但饲粮中添加不同剂量的虫草多糖对蛋鸡产蛋后期的破软蛋率和蛋品质均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加0.01%和0.02%的虫草多糖可提高其生产性能,改善肠道形态结构。
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of cordyceps polysaccharide on performance,egg quality and intestinal morphology of laying hens during later laying period. A total of 270 Hy-Line brown laying hens aged of 70 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Laying hens in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in cordyceps polysaccharide groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0. 01%( experimental group Ⅰ) and 0. 02%cordyceps polysaccharide( experimental group Ⅱ),respectively. The preliminary test lasted for 7 days and the experiment lasted for 45 days. The number of eggs laid,the number of broken eggs and the egg weight were recorded daily in duplicates. The feed intake was recorded weekly,and the laying rate,broken egg rate,average daily egg weight,average daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to egg were calculated; after the test,the laying hens were fasted for 12 h,and the villus height,crypt depth,intestinal wall thickness and villus height to crypt depth ratio were measured in the duodenum,jejunum and ileum. The results showed that,compared with the control group,the laying rate,villus height in the jejunum and ileum and duodenal intestinal wall thickness of laying hens during later laying period in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly increased( P<0.05),while the feed to egg ratio was significantly reduced( P<0.05); the average daily egg weight of laying hens in experimental group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P<0.05),but the broken egg rate and egg quality had no significantly changed by different cordyceps polysaccharide supplemental levels( P>0.05). In conclusion,the supplementation of 0.01% and 0.02% cordyceps polysaccharide in diets can improve performance and intestinal morphology of laying hens.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2323-2329]
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of cordyceps polysaccharide on performance,egg quality and intestinal morphology of laying hens during later laying period. A total of 270 Hy-Line brown laying hens aged of 70 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Laying hens in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in cordyceps polysaccharide groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0. 01%( experimental group Ⅰ) and 0. 02%cordyceps polysaccharide( experimental group Ⅱ),respectively. The preliminary test lasted for 7 days and the experiment lasted for 45 days. The number of eggs laid,the number of broken eggs and the egg weight were recorded daily in duplicates. The feed intake was recorded weekly,and the laying rate,broken egg rate,average daily egg weight,average daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to egg were calculated; after the test,the laying hens were fasted for 12 h,and the villus height,crypt depth,intestinal wall thickness and villus height to crypt depth ratio were measured in the duodenum,jejunum and ileum. The results showed that,compared with the control group,the laying rate,villus height in the jejunum and ileum and duodenal intestinal wall thickness of laying hens during later laying period in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly increased( P<0.05),while the feed to egg ratio was significantly reduced( P<0.05); the average daily egg weight of laying hens in experimental group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in the control group( P<0.05),but the broken egg rate and egg quality had no significantly changed by different cordyceps polysaccharide supplemental levels( P>0.05). In conclusion,the supplementation of 0.01% and 0.02% cordyceps polysaccharide in diets can improve performance and intestinal morphology of laying hens.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2323-2329]
引文
[1]于剑.浅谈滥用抗生素的危害及应对措施[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(4):171.
[2]周启星,罗义,王美娥.抗生素的环境残留、生态毒性及抗性基因污染[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(3):243-251.
[3] LEE J S,KWON J S,WON D P,et al.Study of Macrophage activation and structural characteristics of purified polysaccharide from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris[J]. Journal of M icrobiology and Biotechnology,2010,20(7):1053-1060.
[4] CHEUNG J K H,LI J,CHEUNG A W H,et al.Cordysinocan,a polysaccharide isolated from cultured Cordyceps,activates immune responses in cultured Tlymphocytes and macrophages:signaling cascade and induction of cytokines[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2009,124(1):61-68.
[5] SHIN S,KWON G,LEE S,et al. Immunostimulatory effects of Cordyceps militaris on macrophages through the enhanced production of cytokines via the activation of NF-κB[J]. Immune Netw ork,2010,10(2):55-63.
[6]赵乐乐,支月娥,陈颖超,等.虫草粉饲料添加剂对鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(4):19-22.
[7]魏建忠,褚照龙,陈安徽,等.虫草饲料添加剂对土杂肉鸡增重效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(10):8-9.
[8] HAN J C,QU H X,WANG J G,et al.Effects of fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris on grow th performance and bone mineralization of broiler chicks[J]. Journal of Applied Animal Research,2015,43(2):236-241.
[9]顾寅钰,施新琴,于海静,等.北虫草培养基对鸡生产性能的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(8):93-94,99.
[10] WANG C L,CHIANG C J,CHAO Y P,et al. Effect of Cordyceps militaris w aster medium on production performance,egg traits and egg yolk cholesterol of laying hens[J]. Journal of Poultry Sciencen,2015,52(3):188-196.
[11]王米,杨锐乐,张丽芳,等.蛹虫草多糖对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(5):20-23.
[12]孟翠亮,王世富,赵斐.虫草培养基对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(3):363-365.
[13] KOH J H,SUH H J,AHN T S,et al.Hot-water extract from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis as a substitute for antibiotic grow th promoters[J]. Biotechnology Letters,2003,25(7):585-590.
[14]陈孜,胡剑卓,邱细敏,等.人工虫草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫调节作用的研究[J].湖南中医杂志,2017,33(12):134-136.
[15] WU Y L,SUN H X,QIN F,et al.Effect of various extracts and a polysaccharide from the edible mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis on cellular and humoral immune response against ovalbumin in mice[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2006,20(8):646-652.
[16]诸葛定娟,陈爱瑛,程敏,等.虫草多糖调节小鼠T淋巴细胞及其亚群数量的机制研究[J].中国现代应用药学,2017,34(2):171-176.
[17] WANG M,MENG X Y,YANG R L,et al.Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides can enhance the immunity and antioxidation activity in immunosuppressed mice[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,89(2):461-466.
[18] ZHANG W Y,YANG J Y,CHEN J P,et al.Immunomodulatory and antitumour effects of an exopolysaccharide fraction from cultivated Cordyceps sinensis(Chinese caterpillar fungus)on tumour-bearing mice[J]. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry,2005,42(1):9-15
[19] KIM G Y,KO W S,LEE J Y,et al.Water extract of Cordyceps militaris enhances maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro[J]. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2006,29(2):354-360.
[20]来永斌,王琦,孙月.蛹虫草多糖含量的测定与分析[J].中成药,2001,23(7):517-518.
[21]程万莲.蛹虫草培养基对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国畜禽种业,2015,11(6):143-144.
[22]杨景晁,李有志,齐红杰,等.“虫草欣康”对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(12):44-46.
[23]孙汉巨,李晓祥,丁琦,等.虫草饲料添加剂对蛋鸭生产性能及鸭蛋品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(6):3618-3620,3626.
[24]李靖靖,郭林.蛹虫草培养残基中虫草多糖的提取[J].食品与发酵科技,2016,52(5):49-54.
[25]李洋,窦秀静,王一臻,等.虫草饲料添加剂对畜禽生产性能和免疫调节的影响以及其应用前景[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(3):67-71.
[26] XU R J,WANG F,ZHANG S H.Postnatal adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal pigs:a possible role of milk-borne grow th factors[J]. Livestock Production Science,2000,66(2):95-107.
[27]沈霞芬.家畜组织学与胚胎学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2001:151-155.
[28] MEKBUNGWAN A,YAMAUCHI K. Growth performance and histological intestinal alterations in piglets fed dietary raw and heated pigeon pea seed meal[J]. Histology and Histopathology,2004,19(2):381-389.
[29] CASPARY W F. Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1992,55(1):299-308.
[30] CHEN Z,XIE J,HU M Y,et al.Protective effects ofγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on the small intestinal mucosa in heat-stressed Wenchang chicken[J].Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences,2015,25(1):78-87.
[31] KOTUNIA A,WOLI N'SKI J,LAUBITZ D,et al.Effect of sodium butyrate on the small intestine development in neonatal piglets fed[correction of feed] by artificial sow[J].Journal of Physiology&Pharmacology,2004,55(Suppl.2):59-68.
[32]李青竹,李润航,郑艳秋,等.不同纤维源对吉林白鹅肠道形态学发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(4):596-602.
[33]周怿.酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶犊牛生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[34]黄鹏,赵珊珊,张学武,等.糖萜素对固始鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物解剖及组织胚胎学分会第十六次学术研讨会.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2010.
[2]周启星,罗义,王美娥.抗生素的环境残留、生态毒性及抗性基因污染[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(3):243-251.
[3] LEE J S,KWON J S,WON D P,et al.Study of Macrophage activation and structural characteristics of purified polysaccharide from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris[J]. Journal of M icrobiology and Biotechnology,2010,20(7):1053-1060.
[4] CHEUNG J K H,LI J,CHEUNG A W H,et al.Cordysinocan,a polysaccharide isolated from cultured Cordyceps,activates immune responses in cultured Tlymphocytes and macrophages:signaling cascade and induction of cytokines[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2009,124(1):61-68.
[5] SHIN S,KWON G,LEE S,et al. Immunostimulatory effects of Cordyceps militaris on macrophages through the enhanced production of cytokines via the activation of NF-κB[J]. Immune Netw ork,2010,10(2):55-63.
[6]赵乐乐,支月娥,陈颖超,等.虫草粉饲料添加剂对鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2013,31(4):19-22.
[7]魏建忠,褚照龙,陈安徽,等.虫草饲料添加剂对土杂肉鸡增重效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(10):8-9.
[8] HAN J C,QU H X,WANG J G,et al.Effects of fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris on grow th performance and bone mineralization of broiler chicks[J]. Journal of Applied Animal Research,2015,43(2):236-241.
[9]顾寅钰,施新琴,于海静,等.北虫草培养基对鸡生产性能的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(8):93-94,99.
[10] WANG C L,CHIANG C J,CHAO Y P,et al. Effect of Cordyceps militaris w aster medium on production performance,egg traits and egg yolk cholesterol of laying hens[J]. Journal of Poultry Sciencen,2015,52(3):188-196.
[11]王米,杨锐乐,张丽芳,等.蛹虫草多糖对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(5):20-23.
[12]孟翠亮,王世富,赵斐.虫草培养基对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(3):363-365.
[13] KOH J H,SUH H J,AHN T S,et al.Hot-water extract from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis as a substitute for antibiotic grow th promoters[J]. Biotechnology Letters,2003,25(7):585-590.
[14]陈孜,胡剑卓,邱细敏,等.人工虫草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫调节作用的研究[J].湖南中医杂志,2017,33(12):134-136.
[15] WU Y L,SUN H X,QIN F,et al.Effect of various extracts and a polysaccharide from the edible mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis on cellular and humoral immune response against ovalbumin in mice[J]. Phytotherapy Research,2006,20(8):646-652.
[16]诸葛定娟,陈爱瑛,程敏,等.虫草多糖调节小鼠T淋巴细胞及其亚群数量的机制研究[J].中国现代应用药学,2017,34(2):171-176.
[17] WANG M,MENG X Y,YANG R L,et al.Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides can enhance the immunity and antioxidation activity in immunosuppressed mice[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,89(2):461-466.
[18] ZHANG W Y,YANG J Y,CHEN J P,et al.Immunomodulatory and antitumour effects of an exopolysaccharide fraction from cultivated Cordyceps sinensis(Chinese caterpillar fungus)on tumour-bearing mice[J]. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry,2005,42(1):9-15
[19] KIM G Y,KO W S,LEE J Y,et al.Water extract of Cordyceps militaris enhances maturation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro[J]. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2006,29(2):354-360.
[20]来永斌,王琦,孙月.蛹虫草多糖含量的测定与分析[J].中成药,2001,23(7):517-518.
[21]程万莲.蛹虫草培养基对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国畜禽种业,2015,11(6):143-144.
[22]杨景晁,李有志,齐红杰,等.“虫草欣康”对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(12):44-46.
[23]孙汉巨,李晓祥,丁琦,等.虫草饲料添加剂对蛋鸭生产性能及鸭蛋品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(6):3618-3620,3626.
[24]李靖靖,郭林.蛹虫草培养残基中虫草多糖的提取[J].食品与发酵科技,2016,52(5):49-54.
[25]李洋,窦秀静,王一臻,等.虫草饲料添加剂对畜禽生产性能和免疫调节的影响以及其应用前景[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(3):67-71.
[26] XU R J,WANG F,ZHANG S H.Postnatal adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal pigs:a possible role of milk-borne grow th factors[J]. Livestock Production Science,2000,66(2):95-107.
[27]沈霞芬.家畜组织学与胚胎学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2001:151-155.
[28] MEKBUNGWAN A,YAMAUCHI K. Growth performance and histological intestinal alterations in piglets fed dietary raw and heated pigeon pea seed meal[J]. Histology and Histopathology,2004,19(2):381-389.
[29] CASPARY W F. Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1992,55(1):299-308.
[30] CHEN Z,XIE J,HU M Y,et al.Protective effects ofγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on the small intestinal mucosa in heat-stressed Wenchang chicken[J].Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences,2015,25(1):78-87.
[31] KOTUNIA A,WOLI N'SKI J,LAUBITZ D,et al.Effect of sodium butyrate on the small intestine development in neonatal piglets fed[correction of feed] by artificial sow[J].Journal of Physiology&Pharmacology,2004,55(Suppl.2):59-68.
[32]李青竹,李润航,郑艳秋,等.不同纤维源对吉林白鹅肠道形态学发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(4):596-602.
[33]周怿.酵母β-葡聚糖对早期断奶犊牛生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[34]黄鹏,赵珊珊,张学武,等.糖萜素对固始鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物解剖及组织胚胎学分会第十六次学术研讨会.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2010.